scholarly journals Missing for almost 100 years: the rare and potentially threatened bee, Pharohylaeus lactiferus (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
James B. Dorey
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Habitat Specialisation ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
The Status

The Australian endemic bee, Pharohylaeus lactiferus (Colletidae: Hylaeinae) is a rare species that requires conservation assessment. Prior to this study, the last published record of this bee species was from 1923 in Queensland, and nothing was known of its biology. Hence, I aimed to locate extant populations, provide biological information and undertake exploratory analyses relevant to its assessment. Pharohylaeus lactiferus was recently rediscovered as a result of extensive sampling of 225 general and 20 targeted sampling sites across New South Wales and Queensland. Collections indicate possible floral and habitat specialisation with specimens only found near Tropical or Sub-Tropical Rainforest and only visiting Stenocarpus sinuatus (Proteaceae) and Brachychiton acerifolius (Malvaceae), to the exclusion of other available floral resources. Three populations were found by sampling bees visiting these plant species along much of the Australian east coast, suggesting population isolation. GIS analyses used to explore habitat destruction in the Wet Tropics and Central Mackay Coast bioregions indicate susceptibility of Queensland rainforests and P. lactiferus populations to bushfires, particularly in the context of a fragmented landscape. Highly fragmented habitat and potential host specialisation might explain the rarity of P. lactiferus. Targeted sampling and demographic analyses are likely required to thoroughly assess the status of this species and others like it.

scholarly journals Joint Impacts of Drought and Habitat Fragmentation on Native Bee Assemblages in a California Biodiversity Hotspot

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Keng-Lou James Hung ◽  
Sara S. Sandoval ◽  
John S. Ascher ◽  
David A. Holway
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Native Bee

Global climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, which could have serious repercussions for the maintenance of biodiversity. Here, we compare native bee assemblages collected via bowl traps before and after a severe drought event in 2014 in San Diego, California, and examine the relative magnitude of impacts from drought in fragmented habitat patches versus unfragmented natural reserves. Bee richness and diversity were higher in assemblages surveyed before the drought compared to those surveyed after the drought. However, bees belonging to the Lasioglossum subgenus Dialictus increased in abundance after the drought, driving increased representation by small-bodied, primitively eusocial, and generalist bees in post-drought assemblages. Conversely, among non-Dialictus bees, post-drought years were associated with decreased abundance and reduced representation by eusocial species. Drought effects were consistently greater in reserves, which supported more bee species, than in fragments, suggesting that fragmentation either had redundant impacts with drought, or ameliorated effects of drought by enhancing bees’ access to floral resources in irrigated urban environments. Shifts in assemblage composition associated with drought were three times greater compared to those associated with habitat fragmentation, highlighting the importance of understanding the impacts of large-scale climatic events relative to those associated with land use change.

scholarly journals The ‘building paradox’: research on building-related environmental effects requires global visibility and attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Francesco Pomponi ◽  
Robert Crawford ◽  
André Stephan ◽  
Jim Hart ◽  
Bernardino D'Amico
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Environmental Discourse ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Status

The construction and operation of buildings is a major contributor to global energy demand, greenhouse gases emissions, resource depletion, waste generation, and associated environmental effects, such as climate change, pollution and habitat destruction. Despite its wide relevance, research on building-related environmental effects often fails to achieve global visibility and attention, particularly in premiere interdisciplinary journals – thus representing a major gap in the research these journals offer. In this article we review and reflect on the factors that are likely causing this lack of visibility for such a prominent research topic and emphasise the need to reconcile the construction and operational phases into the physical unity of a building, to contribute to the global environmental discourse using a lifecycle-based approach. This article also aims to act as a call for action and to raise awareness of this important gap. The evidence contained in the article can support institutional policies to improve the status quo and provide a practical help to researchers in the field to bring their work to wide interdisciplinary audiences.

Additive negative effects of Philornis nest parasitism on small and declining Neotropical bird populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 339-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA BULGARELLA ◽  
MARTÍN A. QUIROGA ◽  
GEORGE E. HEIMPEL
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nest Parasitism ◽  
Bird Populations

SummaryThe declining-population paradigm holds that small populations are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic influences such as habitat destruction, pollution and species introductions. While the effects of particular stressors, such as parasitism, may be unimportant in a large, healthy population, they can be serious and even devastating in situations characterised by a restricted geographic range, or by fragmented or reduced population sizes. We apply this idea to nest parasitism of threatened Neotropical bird species that exist in small populations, focusing on dipteran nest parasites in the genusPhilornis. We review the literature onPhilornisparasitism exerting negative pressure on bird populations that have become small and isolated due to human actions and present a new case ofPhilornisparasitism of a threatened hummingbird species. Our aim is to raise awareness about the exacerbating effect that nest parasites can have on small and declining bird populations; especially when biological information is scarce. The five reviewed cases involve two species of Darwin’s Finches in the Galápagos Islands attacked by the invasiveP. downsi, two species of hawks on islands in the Caribbean attacked by the nativeP. piciandP. obscura, and the Yellow CardinalGubernatrix cristatain southern South America attacked by an unknownPhilornisspecies. We also present new documentation of parasitism of a threatened hummingbird species in mainland Ecuador by an unidentifiedPhilornisspecies. We recommend more field studies to determine the presence of nest parasites in bird populations worldwide to improve understanding how nest parasites affect bird fitness and population viability and to allow time to act in advance if needed. Parasitism byPhilornismay represent a severe mortality factor in most already threatened bird species, putting them at greater risk of extinction. Therefore, parasitism management should be included in all threatened species recovery plans.

scholarly journals An Overview of Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla): Its General Biology, Status, Distribution and Conservation Threats in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
General Biology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
Conservation Threats ◽  
Scientific Attention

Chinese Pangolin is nocturnal, shy, non-aggressive, solitary, strange and burrowing mammal which has received low scientific attention. Little information is known about its biology, distribution and status. In Nepal it is distributed in many districts and protected areas. The status of this mammal is decreasing in the country but there is no any research regarding its biology, status and distribution. Although, this mammal is protected nationally and internationally, it is facing too much problems due to habitat destruction and illegal trade. This article mainly focuses on the biology, status, distribution and conservation threats of this ecologically beneficial handsome creature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10267   The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 164-170

scholarly journals Status of a second viable population of the Critically Endangered Delacour's langur in Viet Nam

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Trinh-Dinh ◽  
Minh Le ◽  
Nguyen Manh Ha
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Abstract One of the three Critically Endangered and endemic primate species in Viet Nam, Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri, is restricted to the north of the country. The largest remaining population is in Van Long Nature Reserve, Ninh Binh Province, and the second largest is in nearby Kim Bang Protection Forest, Ha Nam Province, with other populations believed to be too small for recovery. The population in Van Long has been well studied but the status of that of Kim Bang has not previously been adequately evaluated. To address this, a survey was conducted during 10 August–7 October 2018. In total, we recorded 13 groups comprising a total of at least 73 individuals, almost doubling the highest number reported in previous studies. We documented six new groups in Lien Son and Ba Sao communes in Kim Bang. Our findings indicate there is a high likelihood that Delacour's langur population in Kim Bang will recover and could be important for the long-term conservation of this Critically Endangered species. However, immediate and appropriate conservation measures need to be implemented to protect the population from major anthropogenic threats, namely poaching and habitat destruction, detected during our survey.

scholarly journals Distribution and Important Areas for the Conservation of Amphibians in the Province of Seville, Spain: Identifying Priorities

Hydrobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Eduardo José Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Carmona-González
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
The South ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrates in the world due to habitat destruction, emerging diseases, and climate change, and therefore, it is of critical importance to identify the risk and conservation measures for their populations. In this work, we aimed to identify the status of amphibian distribution in the province of Seville, in the south of Spain. We additionally wanted to identify critical conservation areas and propose measures of conservation for the whole community as well as specific taxa. To do this, we mapped the distribution of amphibians using our own data and bibliography and translated it into a 10 × 10 km2 UTM grid. Our work has allowed us to identify several areas of importance for amphibians in the province and populations of some species that need special attention.

scholarly journals The Status and Threats of Birds: A Case Study of Birds in Nayapul to Ghandruk Area, Kaski, Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Subhas Chandra Bastola
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Total Species

The purpose of this study is to quantify species diversity of birds in the study area and to explore the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the bird population. This study was carried out by using the fixed point counting method. The study area was situated in Annapurna Rural Municipality of Kaski district. A total of 147 bird species belonging to 46 families and 14 orders were identified in the study area. It was found that Muscicapidae was the largest family and Passeriformes the largest order. Among the reported species, 50% were residents, 31% were full-migrants, 18% were altitudinal migrants and the remaining were 1% nomadic. Habitats of birds included the forest 68%, the scrubland 17 %, the grassland 7% and the wetland 6 % of the study area. Similarly, the rocky area and artificial area covered 1% of the total species. The results showed that most of the bird species i.e. 136 were least concerned, 4 of them were nearly threatened, 3 of them were endangered, 3 were critically endangered and only one species was vulnerable. The most important threats included hunting and trapping, killing for fun, shift in crop production, use of insecticides and pesticides, improved storage devices, habitat destruction, developmental activities, tourism, buried carcasses and predatory.

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
The United States ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Similar Survey

<em>Abstract</em>.—The status of paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>in the United States was first described in two surveys published in 1986 and 1997; in this paper, we report the results of a similar survey of state and federal agency personnel that we conducted in 2006. From the 1970s through the 1990s, the status of paddlefish stocks was on a downward trend throughout much of the species’ range. The 2006 survey results suggest that the status of paddlefish stocks has improved since the first survey was conducted; 17 of 26 states in 2006 reported that their paddlefish populations were stable or increasing, compared to only 14 states in 1983 and 1994. The number of states with closed fisheries (i.e., no commercial or sport harvest) increased to 12 in 2006 from 8 in 1983. The number of states reporting declining or stable/declining paddlefish populations dropped from seven states in 1983 to only three states in 2006. The two principal reasons cited for reported declines have remained the same for more than three decades: habitat loss and overfishing. Two states where paddlefish were listed as extirpated (New York and Pennsylvania) have begun restoration efforts that may one day allow the status of paddlefish in those states to be changed. As long as the demand for caviar remains strong, pressure on paddlefish stocks will undoubtedly remain high in the seven states where they are commercially exploited. However, earlier fears of a basin-wide collapse in paddlefish stocks should continue to diminish if resource managers are successful in combating overfishing and continued habitat destruction, which will always threaten the long-term viability of paddlefish stocks throughout the Mississippi River basin.

scholarly journals Current distribution and status of swamp deerRucervus duvaucelii duvauceliiin the upper Gangetic plains of north India

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrutarshi Paul ◽  
Bivash Pandav ◽  
Dhananjai Mohan ◽  
Bilal Habib ◽  
Parag Nigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Central India ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
North India ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
The Status ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Threatened Fauna ◽  
Swamp Deer

AbstractThe swamp deerRucervus duvauceliiis the largest grassland-dwelling endemic cervid of India and Nepal. With a declining population trend across its range, this species is found in fragmented habitats of northern, north-eastern and central India and south-western Nepal. The northern swamp deer subspeciesRucervus duvaucelii duvauceliioccurs in small wetland patches across the states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh in India and has lost most of its habitat in the last century. Information about the distribution of the swamp deer in the upper Gangetic plains is limited, except in the Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve in Uttarakhand and around the Bijnor barrage area of Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh. We surveyed the upper Gangetic plains between the Reserve and the Sanctuary, including some adjoining areas and three tributaries of the Ganges, to assess the status of these habitats, current swamp deer distribution and the threats faced by the species. We found several areas harbouring swamp deer within non-protected wetlands along the entire surveyed stretch of the upper Ganges and a previously unreported population in Uttar Pradesh. We documented major threats including habitat conversion, livestock grazing, poaching, conflict and other anthropogenic disturbances. We recommend community driven conservation and management ofRucervus duvaucelii duvauceliiin this fragmented landscape to ensure survival of this species and other threatened fauna of these wetlands and grasslands.

scholarly journals Sexual Differences in Gap-Crossing Ability of a Forest Songbird in a Fragmented Landscape Revealed Through Radiotracking

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ryan Norris ◽  
Bridget J. M. Stutchbury
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Gap Crossing ◽  
Hooded Warblers ◽  
Extrapair Copulation

Abstract We used radio telemetry to examine extraterritorial movements of female Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) breeding in small, isolated woodlots. Only 44% of the nine females tracked left their woodlots (n = 6 forays in total). Compared to males followed in the same fragments (Norris and Stutchbury 2001), females spent significantly less time off territory and traveled shorter distances across nonforested gaps. Unlike males in fragmented habitat and females in continuous forest, we found no evidence that females were actively seeking extrapair copulations. We conclude females are relatively more restricted to isolated fragments during the breeding season and suggest that the lack of extrapair copulation opportunity could contribute to female avoidance of fragmented habitat, resulting in a high number of unmated males. This study emphasizes the importance of examining the potential effects of fragmentation in both sexes.

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