scholarly journals Diversity and community of culturable endophytic fungi from stems and roots of desert halophytes in northwest China

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Long Li ◽  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Peng-Peng Lü ◽  
Yong-Long Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Host Identity

Halophytes have high species diversity and play important roles in ecosystems. However, endophytic fungi of halophytes in desert ecosystems have been less investigated. In this study, we examined endophytic fungi associated with the stem and root of ten halophytic species colonizing the Gurbantonggut desert. A total of 36 endophytic fungal taxa were obtained, dominated by Alternaria eichhorniae, Monosporascus ibericus, and Pezizomycotina sp.1. The colonization rate and species richness of endophytic fungi varied in the ten plant species, with higher rates in roots than in stems. The endophytic fungal community composition was significantly affected by plant identity and tissue type. Some endophytic fungi showed significant host and tissue preferences. This finding suggests that host identity and tissue type structure endophytic fungal community in a desert ecosystem.

scholarly journals Differential mechanisms underlying responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to nitrogen and phosphorus inputs in a subtropical forest

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Dashuan Tian ◽  
Jinsong Wang ◽  
Shuli Niu ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
P Addition

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and phosphorus (P) addition both can change soil bacterial and fungal community structure with a consequent impact on ecosystem functions. However, which factor plays an important role in regulating responses of bacterial and fungal community to N and P enrichments remains unclear. We conducted a manipulative experiment to simulate N and P inputs (10 g N · m−2 · yr−1 NH4NO3 or 10 g P · m−2 · yr−1 NaH2PO4) and compared their effects on soil bacterial and fungal species richness and community composition. The results showed that the addition of N significantly increased NH4+ and Al3+ by 99.6% and 57.4%, respectively, and consequently led to a decline in soil pH from 4.18 to 3.75 after a 5-year treatment. P addition increased Al3+ and available P by 27.0% and 10-fold, respectively, but had no effect on soil pH. N addition significantly decreased bacterial species richness and Shannon index and resulted in a substantial shift of bacterial community composition, whereas P addition did not. Neither N nor P addition changed fungal species richness, Shannon index, and fungal community composition. A structural equation model showed that the shift in bacterial community composition was related to an increase in soil acid cations. The principal component scores of soil nutrients showed a significantly positive relationship with fungal community composition. Our results suggest that N and P additions affect soil bacterial and fungal communities in different ways in subtropical forest. These findings highlight how the diversity of microbial communities of subtropical forest soil will depend on future scenarios of anthropogenic N deposition and P enrichment, with a particular sensitivity of bacterial community to N addition.

scholarly journals Host identity is a dominant driver of mycorrhizal fungal community composition during ecosystem development

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Martínez-García ◽  
Sarah J. Richardson ◽  
Jason M. Tylianakis ◽  
Duane A. Peltzer ◽  
Ian A. Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Host Identity

scholarly journals Niche Differentiation and Co-Occurrence Network of Fungal Communities Associated with Host Affiliations in an Extremely Arid Desert Ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiling Zuo ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Jingya Yang ◽  
Jiaqiang Liu ◽  
Xueli He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Desert Plants ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Desert Shrubs ◽  
Arid Desert

Abstract Background: Desert shrubs represent high productivity and play essential roles in maintaining the biodiversity and stability of ecosystem functioning in arid desert ecosystems. These xerophytic plants provide specific biotic and abiotic conditions for the resident specialist microorganisms. However, a robust understanding of the structural composition of the fungal microbiome associated with desert plants and especially the relationship between above- and belowground communities is currently lacking. In this study, we examined the endophytic fungal communities associated with the root, stem, and leaf tissues of five desert shrubs using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences.Results: A total of 337 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of endophytic fungi were identified at a 97% sequence similarity level. Pleosporales were dominant and played an irreplaceable role as keystone species in maintaining the connectivity and complexity of the fungal networks. Desert shrub identity significantly affected the community composition of the endophytic fungi in different tissues. Compared with the fungi in the aboveground tissues, root-associated fungi represented the most abundant reservoir of biodiversity in the desert habitat and displayed significantly high tissue specificity. Interestingly, the aboveground stems and leaves showed higher taxonomic overlap with underground root tissues than with each other. The root fungal network revealed the highest connectivity, and the interspecies relationships between desert fungal OTUs revealed a high percentage of co-presence rather than mutual exclusion. In addition, members of Hypocreales played a central role in connecting the above- and belowground fungal networks.Conclusions: This study represents the first example of research revealing plant-fungus endophytic associations in an extremely arid desert ecosystem with the simultaneous consideration and comparison of above- and belowground niches. Understanding the complex host-microbe interactions associated with desert plants could provide a basis for the exploitation of plant-fungus associations in the manipulation of the shrub microbiome for ecological restoration purposes.

scholarly journals Tree Species Richness and Neighborhood Effects on Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Richness and Community Structure in Boreal Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveli Otsing ◽  
Sten Anslan ◽  
Elia Ambrosio ◽  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
Leho Tedersoo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Tree Species Richness ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Tree species identity is one of the key factors driving ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal richness and community composition in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems, but little is known about the influence of tree species combinations and their neighborhood effects on EcM communities. To advance our understanding of host plant effects on EcM fungi, the roots of silver birch, Scots pine, and Norway spruce were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing across mature boreal forest exploratory plots of monocultures and two- and three-species mixtures in Finland. Our analyses revealed that tree species identity was an important determinant of EcM fungal community composition, but tree species richness had no significant influence on EcM fungal richness and community composition. We found that EcM fungal community composition associated with spruce depends on neighboring tree species. Our study suggests that at a regional-scale tree species identity is the primary factor determining community composition of root-associated EcM fungi alongside with tree species composition effects on EcM fungal community of spruce in mixed stands.

scholarly journals Vegetation Restoration Alters Fungal Community Composition and Functional Groups in a Desert Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hongyu Cao ◽  
Peishan Zhao ◽  
Xiaoshuai Wei ◽  
Guodong Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Soil Fungal Diversity

Revegetation is regarded as an effective means to improve the ecological environment in deserts and profoundly influences the potential ecological functions of the soil fungal community. Therefore, Illumina high-throughput sequencing was performed to characterize the soil fungal diversity and community composition at two soil depths (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) with four revegetation durations (natural grassland, half-mature, nearly mature, and mature Pinus. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations) in the Mu Us Sandy Land, China. The effects of soil properties on soil fungal communities were also examined to reveal the connection between fungal function and soil environment. The results indicated that 1) soil nutrient content and enzyme activity showed significant differences through the restoration durations, 2) there was no significant effect of soil depth on soil fungal diversity, while the Shannon diversity index of all fungal communities was significantly different among different revegetation durations, 3) compared with grassland, ectomycorrhizal fungi (notably, Inocybe, Tuber, and Calostoma) were abundant in plantations. The endophyte fungus Mortierella was among the top 10 genera in all soil samples and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora was the indicator genus of the grassland, and 4) catalase and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting fungal community composition and were closely related to saprotrophs and pathotrophs, respectively. This new information indicates the variation of soil fungal communities along revegetation durations and highlights the interaction between fungal functions and desert ecosystems.

scholarly journals Earthworms drastically change fungal and bacterial communities during vermicomposting of sewage sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Domínguez ◽  
Manuel Aira ◽  
Keith A. Crandall ◽  
Marcos Pérez-Losada
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Earthworm Casts ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

AbstractWastewater treatment plants produce hundreds of million tons of sewage sludge every year all over the world. Vermicomposting is well established worldwide and has been successful at processing sewage sludge, which can contribute to alleviate the severe environmental problems caused by its disposal. Here, we utilized 16S and ITS rRNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial and fungal community composition and structure during the gut- and cast-associated processes (GAP and CAP, respectively) of vermicomposting of sewage sludge. Bacterial and fungal communities of earthworm casts were mainly composed of microbial taxa not found in the sewage sludge; thus most of the bacterial (96%) and fungal (91%) taxa in the sewage sludge were eliminated during vermicomposting, mainly through the GAP. Upon completion of GAP and during CAP, modified microbial communities undergo a succession process leading to more diverse microbiotas than those found in sewage sludge. Consequently, bacterial and fungal community composition changed significantly during vermicomposting. Vermicomposting of sewage resulted in a stable and rich microbial community with potential biostimulant properties that may aid plant growth. Our results support the use of vermicompost derived from sewage sludge for sustainable agricultural practices, if heavy metals or other pollutants are under legislation limits or adequately treated.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Dark Septate Endophytes in the Roots of Lycium ruthenicum in the Desert Region of Northwest China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 648
Author(s):  
Li Han ◽  
Jingxin Shi ◽  
Chao He ◽  
Xueli He
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Lycium Ruthenicum ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolyzable Nitrogen

With the intensification of desertification in northwest China, drought has become a serious environmental problem restricting plant growth and ecological restoration. Recently, dark septate endophytes (DSEs) have attracted more attention because of their ability to improve plants’ resistance to drought. Here, we investigated DSE colonization and species diversity in roots of Lycium ruthenicum collected from Anxi and Minqin, in northwest China, during July, September, and December 2019. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonality and sampling sites on DSEs. In different seasons, DSE colonization varied with the phenology of L. ruthenicum. At different sites, DSE colonization significantly differed. Four isolates were reported in desert ecosystems for the first time. The results showed microsclerotial colonization was directly affected by changing seasons, while hyphal colonization and species diversity were directly affected by sampling sites. The soil organic carbon, pH, alkaline phosphatase, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main predictors of DSE colonization and species diversity. We conclude that DSE colonization and diversity showed significant spatial–temporal heterogeneity and were closely related to soil factors. This research provides a basis for the further understanding of the ecological functions of DSEs and their application potential for vegetative restoration and agricultural cultivation in drylands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document