Effects of weed management on soil mites in coffee plantations in a Neotropical environment

Environmental disturbance, as a result of land use change and/or different agricultural practices, may have negative impacts on the richness and abundance of edaphic mites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different weed management methods in coffee plantations on edaphic mites, and to compare these results with mite communities of native forest habitats in southeastern Brazil. Soil samples were taken between the rows of a coffee plantation under different weed management methods, such as without weeding, manual weeding, agricultural grid, contact herbicide (glyphosate), residual herbicide (oxyfluorfen), mechanical tiller, and mechanical mower, and in a native forest area. Weed management affected edaphic mite communities, with the residual herbicide treatment having the greatest impact on species composition, abundance, richness and diversity. The use of manual weeding and the maintenance of unweeded areas were the practices that preserved mite communities closest to those found in native forest habitats. Thus, such practices are recommended as best practices in coffee plantations. Among the studied mites, the groups Oribatida and Mesostigmata were found in all sites, presenting the greatest abundance and richness, and were sensitive to different forms of weed control. On this basis, we suggest these groups as indicators of soil quality in coffee plantations.

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Morphology of Malaysian Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa): Diversity, Origin and Implications for Weed Management

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00168.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 501-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Edi Sudianto ◽

Ting-Xiang Neik ◽

Sheh May Tam ◽

Tse-Seng Chuah ◽

Akmal Adilah Idris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Weed Species ◽

Multiple Origins ◽

Previous Proposal ◽

Manual Weeding

Weedy rice is one of the most dominant and competitive weed species found throughout rice planting areas worldwide. In Malaysia, a combination of agricultural practices such as direct seeding and shared use of machinery has contributed to the rapid proliferation of weedy rice across paddy fields in recent decades. Here, we report on the morphological characterization of weedy rice populations and inferred origin(s) of different morphotypes present in Peninsular Malaysia. Eight weedy rice morphotypes were distinguished based on a combination of traits such as awn presence/absence and hull color, from 193 accessions collected in 17 locations. Results showed a high proportion of awnless accessions (strawhull-, intermediate strawhull-, and brownhull-colored morphotypes, together composing 65% of sampled accessions), with awned accessions represented by strawhull, brownhull, and blackhull forms. Clustering and PCA analyses revealed four major clusters: (1) O. rufipogon and the majority of awned, blackhull, and brownhull—suggestive of a type of weedy rice originating from wild Oryza populations; (2) elite indica cultivar rice and the majority of strawhull weeds—supporting a previous proposal that weedy rice from Malaysia mainly evolved from indirect selection on cultivars for easy-shattering feral forms; (3) the majority of brownhull; and (4) a mixture of other weedy morphotypes—potentially reflecting multiple origins and subsequent admixture. The combination of key morphological descriptors will be useful for advising farmers appropriately in strategies for controlling the spread of weedy rice, including periodic manual weeding to reduce buildup of the seed bank in the fields.

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Diversité floristique spontanée des plantations de café et de cacao dans la forêt classée de Monogaga, Côte d'Ivoire | Spontaneous floristic diversity of cocoa and coffee plantations in the classified forest of Monogaga, Côte d'Ivoire (reviewed paper)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2006.0031 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 157 (2) ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Constant Yves Adou Yao ◽

Edouard Kouakou N'Guessan

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Woody Species ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Coffee Plantations ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

High Tree Density

The inventory and the analysis of the woody species preserved in the different categories of cocoa and coffee plantations showed that they are relatively diversified (presence of endemic, rare and threatened species). They also preserved high tree density and high basal areas. The young plantations are especially diversified. Their number of species,density and basal areas and diversity index are similar to those of the neighbouring old growth and secondary forests. Older plantations display a sharp decline of diversity over time. Agricultural practices in the region represent a threat in the medium term to the preservation of biodiversity.

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Inter-row Cultivation Timing Effects on Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Control and Sugarbeet Yield and Quality

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-39

Author(s):

Nathan H. Haugrud ◽

Thomas J. Peters

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Sucrose Content ◽

Climate Data ◽

Crop Canopy ◽

Control Practice ◽

Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽

Residual Herbicide ◽

Weed Emergence

Abstract The invasion of waterhemp into northern sugarbeet growing regions has prompted producers to re-integrate inter-row cultivation into weed management programs as no currently registered herbicides can control glyphosate-resistant waterhemp POST in crop. Inter-row cultivation was a common weed control practice in sugarbeet until the release of glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet cultivars in 2008 made the use of inter-row cultivation unnecessary. In the late 2010s, producers began again to use inter-row cultivation to remove weeds that glyphosate did not control, but producers need information on the effectiveness and safety of inter-row cultivation when used with soil residual herbicide programs. Efficacy and tolerance field experiments were conducted in Minnesota and North Dakota from 2017 to 2019. Results from the efficacy experiment demonstrated cultivation improved waterhemp control 11% and 12%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Waterhemp response to cultivation was dependent on crop canopy and precipitation after cultivation. Cultivation had minimal effect on waterhemp density in three environments, but at one environment, near Galchutt, ND in 2019, waterhemp density increased 600% and 196%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Climate data indicated Galchutt, ND in 2019 received 105 mm of precipitation in the 14 days following cultivation and had an open crop canopy which likely contributed to further weed emergence. Results from the tolerance experiment demonstrated root yield and recoverable sucrose were not affected by cultivation timing or number of cultivations. In one environment, cultivating reduced sucrose content by 0.8% regardless of date or cultivation number, but no differences were found in three environments. In-season cultivation can damage/destroy leaf tissue which is likely responsible for the reduction in sucrose content. Results indicate cultivation can be a valuable tool to control weeds that herbicide cannot, but excessive rainfall and open crop canopy following cultivation can create an environment conducive to further weed emergence.

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The snake community of Serra do Mendanha, in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil: composition, abundance, richness and diversity in areas with different conservation degrees

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842009000400006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 795-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

JAL. Pontes ◽

RC. Pontes ◽

CFD. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Future Research ◽

Native Forest ◽

Abundance Distribution ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Undisturbed Forest ◽

Banana Plantations ◽

Janeiro State

We studied and compared parameters of the snake community of the Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil (22º 48'-22º 51' S and 43º 31'-43º 28' W), such as: abundance distribution, richness, species diversity and biomass, between forested areas, areas under regeneration and agriculture areas (banana plantations); to obtain information about the natural history and facilitate the development of future research. For capturing the snakes we used: pitfall traps, drift-fences and visual search (diurnal and nocturnal) along four transects for each habitat. The captured snakes were measured with a tape and caliper, weighed with dynamometers and sexed with the use of a catheter. The animals marked (with ventral scales cut) were released for posterior recapture. One individual per species was fixed and deposited at the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. We undertook an effort of 840 man/hour, and captured a total of 207 snakes belonging to 25 species (Colubridae 80.2%, Elapidae 12.6%, Viperidae 6.3% and Boidae 0.9%). The most abundant were: Liophis miliaris (n = 33), Micrurus corallinus and Chironius fuscus (both with n = 26); the least abundant: Elapomorphus quinquelineatus, Siphlophis compressus and Tropidodryas serra (all with n = 1). The species that contributed the greatest biomass were Spilotes pullatus (7,925 g), Chironius laevicollis (4,694 g), Liophis miliaris (3,675 g) and Pseustes sulphureus (3,050 g); those that contributed the lowest biomass were: Siphlophis compressus, Tropidodryas serra (both with 4 g) and Elapomorphus quinquelineatus (3 g). We found significant differences between the sampled habitats at the Serra do Mendanha (undisturbed forest, secondary forest and banana plantations). The results showed that a great reduction in the abundance, richness, diversity and biomass of the snakes occurs when the native forest is replaced by banana plantations.

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Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652013005000027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 813-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽

PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽

STEPHEN O. DUKE

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Weed Management ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Coffee Plant ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Coffee Plantations ◽

Plant Growth Stages ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

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A New and Simple Method to Capture Small Arboreal Mammals: The Suspended Pitfall

Revista Brasileira de Zoociências ◽

10.34019/2596-3325.2019.v20.24790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Helder José ◽

Iasmin Macedo ◽

Mateus Cruz Loss

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Native Forest ◽

Simple Method ◽

Live Trap ◽

Set Up ◽

Cacao Plantation ◽

Didelphis Aurita ◽

Tree Branch ◽

Doce River

The suspended pitfall demonstrates a new and simple mechanism to capture small arboreal and scansorial mammals. It is an arboreal version of the pitfalls traditionally used to capture terrestrial amphibians and reptiles. Buckets with bait inside are raised by a rope until they reach a tree branch at the desired height. Tests were performed in the Atlantic Forest at three different sites at the mouth of Doce River in Linhares, southeastern Brazil. In one of them suspended pitfalls were set up in the understory of a shaded cacao plantation (cabruca agroforest) in the branches of cacao trees between 2 and 3 m in height, and in the other they were placed in a native forest between 5 to 15 m in height. At the third site, suspended pitfalls were tested together with the other live traps used hitherto in the understory of other cabruca agroforest. The marsupials Didelphis aurita, Caluromys philander, Marmosa (Micoureus) paraguayana, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosa murina and the rodent Rhipidomys mastacalis were captured by suspended pitfall. This live trap was capable of catching all sizes of small arboreal mammals, including juvenile individuals. This method proved to be functional for the capture of some small arboreal mammals and may be a complementary alternative for sampling in high forest strata.

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Environmental factors may influence interseeded annual ryegrass and red clover establishment and growth more than soil residual herbicide applications

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2019.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 296-302

Author(s):

Victoria L. Stanton ◽

Erin R. Haramoto

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Red Clover ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Chemical Strategies ◽

Residual Herbicide

AbstractIntegrating multiple weed management (cultural, physical, chemical) strategies is often recommended to combat herbicide resistance. With the increased use of interseeded cover crops, the effects of PRE herbicides on their establishment and growth require study. An investigation was conducted in Lexington, KY, in 2016 through 2018 to assess the extent to which commonly used PRE corn herbicide combinations influenced interseeded red clover and annual ryegrass establishment and growth. Annual ryegrass density was reduced 29% at 3 wk after interseeding by the combination of residual dimethenamid-P and atrazine; however, biomass the following spring was not affected by herbicide combinations. Neither density of interseeded red clover at 2 to 3 wk after interseeding nor biomass prior to termination the following spring were influenced by herbicide combinations. However, red clover density was affected by herbicide treatment 5 wk after interseeding in 2016. These results could have been influenced by low summer survival, particularly in 2016. The environmental factors may have influenced the survival of the interseeded cover crops more than the PRE herbicides. This study suggests that multiple PRE herbicides can be used with minimal risk to interseeded red clover or annual ryegrass. However, the influence of the environment on establishment and survival of interseeded cover crops following the use of PRE herbicides requires further study.

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MICROMORPHOLOGY AND PEDOGENESIS OF MOUNTAINOUS INCEPTISOLS IN THE MANTIQUEIRA RANGE (MG)

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542015000500004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 455-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Leandro Campos Pinto ◽

Yuri Lopes Zinn ◽

Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽

Phillip Ray Owens ◽

Lloyd Darrell Norton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Formation ◽

Intermediate Stage ◽

Mineral Weathering ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Native Forest ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Formation Processes ◽

Severe Reduction ◽

Mineral Alteration ◽

Quartz Grains

ABSTRACTUnderstanding soil formation processes across different landscapes is needed to predict how soil properties will respond to land use change. This study aimed to characterize mountainous Inceptisols (Cambisols) under high altitude subtropical climate in southeastern Brazil, by soil physical, chemical and micromorphological analyses, under native forest and pasture. The soil under pasture had a greater bulk density than under forest, resulting in a severe reduction of macroporosity. At two depths, coarse quartz grains are angular, suggesting absence of transportational processes, thus confirming an autochthonous pedogenesis from the underlying gneissic rock. Most feldspars were weathered beyond recognition, but mineral alteration was commonly seen across cleavage plans and edges of micas. The micromorphological results suggest an intermediate stage of mineral weathering and soil development, which is in accordance with properties expected to be found in Inceptisols.

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Comparison of Bird Counts From Pine Forest and Indigenous Vegetation.

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9770281 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 281 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

PV Driscoll

Keyword(s):

Pinus Radiata ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Bird Communities ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Native Forest ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Eucalyptus Forest ◽

South Wales ◽

Forest Habitats

Bird counts were taken in Feb., March and July 1975 in 4 native habitats, ranging from wet sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest to mallee (E. stricta)-heath on the Boyd Plateau, and two Pinus radiata habitats (20 yr and 40 yr) in the Jenolan State Forest, New South Wales, Australia. In each season the number of birds and the number of species was highest in the native forest habitats, lower in the pine habitats and least in the mallee-heath. The composition of native forest, pine forest, and mallee-heath bird communities shows considerable differences.

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Tribal Land Alienation, Agricultural Changes and Food Culture Transition in Attappady

South Asia Research ◽

10.1177/0262728018817858 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 61-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth Edison ◽

Rugmini Devi

Keyword(s):

Biological Diversity ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Food Culture ◽

Power Structures ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Tribal Culture ◽

Holistic Approaches ◽

Western Ghats Of India ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Tribal Land

This article, based on fieldwork, discusses the negative impacts of land alienation suffered by Adivasis in Attappady, a tribal block of Kerala in South India. Experiencing multiple alienations that have fundamentally affected their way of life, agricultural practices and food culture, tribals not only continue to suffer discriminatory treatment by non-tribal settlers, but also by state authorities’ restrictions of access to local forests and forest produce. These problems assume added significance as this ecologically important location in the Western Ghats of India is one of the eight ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity in the world, while the traditional guardians of this environment have been completely disempowered. The article traces abuses of power in land alienation processes, analyses unequal power structures and argues that better appreciation of traditional tribal culture and its ecologically holistic approaches ought to inform policies for local sustainable development. This would help the tribals to safeguard their identity within the constraints of current conditions and enhance the prospects for sustainable preservation of the precious local natural resources and biodiversity.

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