Ensuring radiation safety during temporary storage of solidified radioactive waste in light hangar-type facilities

Expensive permanent storage facilities with massive engineered structures are used traditionally to ensure safe temporary storage of solidified radioactive waste at the NPP sites. Such approach is dictated by the need to comply with the regulatory requirements for limiting the gamma background in the area adjacent to the storage facility. The costs involved in temporary storage of solidified RW can be optimized by using light hangar-type storage facilities. At the same time, the safety of storage, including radiation protection of the personnel, the public and the environment, is undoubtedly ensured through the use of special organizational and engineering solutions. The Novovoronezh NPP, a branch of JSC Concern Rosenergoatom, operates successfully light hangar-type facilities for temporary storage of solidified RW classified as medium-level waste in accordance with OSPORB-99/2009. In the process of operation, a methodology and a method for conditioning and temporary storage of solidified RW were developed to ensure the RW removal for final disposal with no extra process operations and unreasonable costs. A methodology has been developed to assess the radiation situation around storage facilities during temporary storage of RW, as well as a software package for predicting the radiation situation when deciding on the arrangement of the storage facility’s peripheral rows.

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Study of the effect of Kaolin in the mortar of cement matrices by confinement of ion exchange resins

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201814901056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 01056

Author(s):

S. Labied ◽

T. El ghailassi ◽

A. Bouih ◽

L. Moutei ◽

Y. Benbrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Radioactive Waste ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Kaolin Clay ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Regulatory Requirements ◽

The Public ◽

The Matrix ◽

Maximum Quantity ◽

Exchange Resins

Radioactive waste arising as a result of nuclear activities should be safely managed from its generation to final disposal in an appropriate conditioned form to reduce the risk of radiation exposure of technical personnel and of the public and to limit contamination of the environment. The immobilization of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes in cementitious matrices is the most commonly used technique to produce inexpensive waste matrix that complies with regulatory requirements in order to protect humans and the environment against nuisance caused by ionizing radiation. Cement based materials are used in radioactive waste management to produce stable waste forms. This matrix constitutes the first build engineering barrier in disposal facilities. In this work, the kaolin is used to enhance the mechanical performance of the matrix of confinement of ion exchange resins by gradually replacing the sand in mortar with kaolin clay. The Kaolin clay sample was a special pure product, sourced from a foreign country. The maximum quantity of resins that can be incorporated into the mortar formulation without the packages losing their strength is 13.915% which results in a better mechanical strength at 6.7686 MPA compression with kaolin.

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Safety of radioactive waste from two-component nuclear energy system disposed in a deep geological repository for permanent storage: radiological migration equivalence

Radiation and Risk Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry ◽

10.21870/0131-3878-2020-29-4-8-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 8-32

Author(s):

V.K. Ivanov ◽

◽

E.V. Spirin ◽

A.N. Menyajlo ◽

S.Yu. Chekin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Fuel Cycle ◽

Natural Uranium ◽

Well Water ◽

Deep Geological Repository ◽

The Public ◽

Geological Repository ◽

Permanent Storage ◽

Effective Doses

The article presents analysis of safety of long-lived high level radioactive waste (RW) disposed for permanent storage in a deep geological repository. According to the study protocol it is necessary to estimate the human and environmental health safety of RW, generated in different nuclear fuel cy-cles, during their long-term stay in the repository. To estimate biological effects, RW composition from thermal reactors in open nuclear fuel cycle (“TR”) and from simultaneously operated thermal and fast reactors in closed nuclear cycle (“TR+FR”) in different time after their disposal have been evaluated. It is suggested that RW to be safe to humans and the environment if committed effective doses from RW components including minor actinides and fission products and from natural urani-um are equivalent (radiation equivalence) or lifetime attributable risks of cancer mortality from RW and natural uranium are equivalent (radiological equivalence). For this purpose it is important to evaluate the time of achievement of radiation or radiological equivalence. To evaluate health effect of RW containing radio-nuclides on the public and the environment their migration activity has been evaluated with the use of distribution coefficient and retardation factor. Probable annual effective doses to the public from exposure to the radionuclides released from the repository to the biosphere at different time after the RW disposal have been estimated. Radiation doses to the public following the consumption of water from the well installed on the repository, and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer mortality associated with the exposure to radionuclides contained in “TR” and ”TR+FR” generated waste have been evaluated. It turned out that LARs of cancer mortality from “TR+FR” radionuclides is lower than LAR from natural uranium, it means that radiological migration equivalence after its achievement will exists until the repository conditions allow, about 1 billion years. We have found that LARs from “TR+FR” waste is about 100 times lower than the negligible level, 10-6, established in the Russian National Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99/2009). Estimat-ed LAR of cancer mortality from “TR”-generated waste is 360 times higher than LAR from “TR+FR”-generated waste. As evaluated for the waste from TR radiological equivalence will be achieved not earlier than 1 million years after permanent disposal. If RW is generated in the closed cycle estimat-ed LAR value from consumption of well water does not exceed 10-5 year-1, if RW is generated in open fuel cycle, the LAR value is 10-3 year-1, this is socially unacceptable risk. In the first 10 thousand years after the disposal the major dose- and risk-forming radionuclides in the well water will be 241Am, 239Pu и 240Pu. Estimates of radiation detriment from ”TR” generated waste put to the perma-nent deep geological disposal are given in the article.

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Migration Rates of Brine Inclusions in Single Crystals of Nacl

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-6-303 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

I-Ming Chou

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Temperature Gradients ◽

Spent Fuel ◽

Ion Diffusion ◽

Cold Side ◽

Migration Rates ◽

Permanent Storage ◽

Salt Brine ◽

Salt Deposits ◽

High Level

Rock-salt deposits have been considered as a possible medium for the permanent storage of high-level radioactive wastes and spent fuel. Brine inclusions present in natural salt can migrate toward the waste if the temperature and the temperature gradients in the vicinity of the radioactive waste are large enough. This migration is due to the dissolution of salt at the hot side of the salt-brine interface, ion diffusion through the brine droplet, and the precipitation of salt at the cold side of the salt brine interface.

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HEALTH OF THE POPULATION RESIDING IN THE DUNAY SETTLEMENT IN THE AREA OF SUPERVISION OF THE FAR EASTERN CENTER FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-3-248-253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 248-253

Author(s):

Antonina М. Lyaginskya ◽

N. K. Shandala ◽

I. M. Petoyan ◽

S. M. Kiselev ◽

S. V. Akhromeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Waste Management ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Population Based ◽

Radioactive Waste Management ◽

The Public ◽

Health Indices ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Subject ◽

Far Eastern

There was studied the health of the population of the Dunay settlement located in the vicinity of the “Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management” (FEC “DalRAO”) at the areа contaminated with radioactive waste and chemicals originated from the activities of the armed forces of the Pacific Fleet over 1950-1980. The subject of the study were health indices of 6207 members of the population of the Dunay settlement obtained from the reporting statistics data (forms 7,12, 19, 30, and 32) over the period of 2009-2013. The health of the population of the Dunay settlement located in the vicinity of the Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management “DalRAO” over the period 2009-2013 does not differ from the population-based estimates of the public health in the central region of the Russian Federation. Any health effects of manmade radiation exposure has not been found for the population of the Dunay settlement.

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TINGKAT KESESUAIAN RUANG PUBLIK DENGAN KONSEP LIVABLE CITY DI KOTA SURAKARTA

Arsitektura ◽

10.20961/arst.v15i1.11648 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Ifni Farida ◽

Galing Yudana ◽

Erma Fitria Rini

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Green Space ◽

National Average ◽

Research Approach ◽

The Public ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Medium Level ◽

The City ◽

Public Green Space ◽

Deductive Research

<div align="center"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="518"><p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong><em> Development of the urban population in Indonesia that growing rapidly these days, of course will cause impacts for the city itself, including in terms of environmental degradation. Therefore, society needs of a comfortable and livable city is getting higher, which is known as the concept of livable city. One of the key principles of the concept of livable city is the availability of public space as a place to socialize and interact. Surakarta, within 5 (five) years, being actively promote provision of public green space, as one of the public space, as evidenced by the increase of public green space area 23,16% in 2016. In a study titled Indonesia Most Livable City Index, Surakarta has a livable city index reached 69,38% above the national average. The problem in this research is how the level of conformity of the public space in Surakarta with the concept of livable city? This study aims to determine the level of conformity of the public space in Surakarta with the concept of livable city, which covers several aspects, including: availability, coverage, accessibility, comfort, amenity, and supporting activity. The method in this study using deductive research approach and scoring analysis technique. Based on the analysis, it can be seen that the level of conformity of the public space in Surakarta with the concept of livable city included into the category of medium-level conformity. Nonetheless, it needs improvement in some aspects of public space in Surakarta whose value is still low, in order to realize the public space in Surakarta according to the concept of livable city.</em></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="518"><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="518"><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>level of conformity, public space, livable city, scoring analysis</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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Performance based regulatory requirements for radioactive waste and waste acceptance criteria

Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Environment ◽

10.3327/jnuce.27.2_94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 94-103

Author(s):

Hiroomi AOKI ◽

Ryo INOUE ◽

Satoru KAWASAKI

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Regulatory Requirements ◽

Acceptance Criteria

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The importance of public health in radiology and radiation protection

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2021.2141 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zuzana Bárdyová ◽

Martina Horváthová ◽

Katarína Pinčáková ◽

Darina Budošová

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Constant Attention ◽

The Public ◽

Many Sources ◽

Safety Knowledge

The ionizing radiation belongs to the basic physical factors that can be measured. We forget often about its risks and the possible damage to our health. The imaging methods which use the ionizing radiation increase the diagnostics quality and they have become a certainty for many medical workers. Therefore, they are being used without rational thinking many times. With this is related to increasing the cumulative dose of patients. Next problem can be radiation safety knowledge of medical workers. The enormous increase in the use of sources ionizing radiation in medicine and rapid development, there may be a disproportionate acquisition of radiation safety knowledge of healthcare workers. At the same time, constant attention must be paid to the biological effects of radiation and realize epidemiology studies. In all the areas mentioned the public health has space. However, it is sad that presently, the radiation safety is not considered important enough in Public Health. Based on many sources, it is safe to say that this is a major problem, because the public health itself can play an important role in radiation safety. It is important to point out, that safety and effectivity of using the source of ionizing radiation is one of the main components of Good Medical Practice.

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Improvement of Radioactive Waste Physical Protection as a Step to Maintain Nuclear Security

Nuclear and Radiation Safety ◽

10.32918/nrs.2017.4(76).10 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

I. Kuzmiak ◽

V. Kravtsov

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Waste Management ◽

Legal Framework ◽

The State ◽

Exclusion Zone ◽

Radioactive Waste Management ◽

Physical Protection ◽

Nuclear Security ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Storage Facilities

The paper considers the procedure of ensuring physical protection of radioactive materials, in particular establishing levels of physical protection and its impact on nuclear security in Ukraine. There is a brief overview of the nature and types of radioactive waste in Ukraine, types of storage facilities, other radioactive waste management facilities, locations of radioactive waste in Ukraine, in particular the Chornobyl exclusion zone, causes of threats and risks. Efficient prevention of these threats requires the state system for physical protection of facilities and installations. Based on experience, paper authors, who review physical protection in construction and modernization of physical protection systems of radioactive waste management facilities, consider the state of physical protection of storage facilities and other installations, their modernization and unsolved problems. The paper also considers the physical protection issue in radioactive waste transport and provides conclusions on the improvement of the regulatory and legal framework of nuclear security in Ukraine.

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Decommissioning Radioactive Waste Storage Facilities of FSUE RosRAO’s Murmansk Department Branch in the North-Western Territorial District

Radioactive waste ◽

10.25283/2587-9707-2020-2-17-24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

D. N. Vlasov ◽

◽

D. N. Zamaskin ◽

O. O. Kaminsky ◽

A. V. Kamorny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Large Scale ◽

Technical Equipment ◽

Special Equipment ◽

Engineering Structures ◽

The North ◽

Waste Storage ◽

Radioactive Waste Storage ◽

Storage Facilities

The article discusses one of today’s challenges, namely, the decommissioning of nuclear power facilities. It summarizes the experience in the decommissioning of radioactive waste storage facilities belonging to RosRAO’s Murmansk department branch of the Northwest Territorial District providing detailed overview of pre-decommissioning activities, as well as the decommissioning operations themselves, relevant technology and technical equipment applied. Pre-decommissioning stage involved large-scale efforts (2011—2015) on accumulated RW identifi cation and its inventory taking, as well as a comprehensive engineering radiation survey. Decommissioning projects have been developed and approved, a state environmental examination has been carried out with a Sanitary and Epidemiological Statement on compliance with state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations issued by FMBA of Russia. The paper presents the practice of constructing some engineering structures to provide additional safety and security of RW storage facilities during their dismantlement. Particular attention was paid to the problems associated with the use of special equipment.

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