Glands on the foliar surfaces of tribe Cercideae (Caesapiniodeae, Leguminosae): distribution and taxonomic significance

Large elongated glands occur on Cercideae leaf surfaces. Leaves of Bauhinia (55 taxa, 53 species), Cercis (1 species), Phanera (1 species), Piliostigma (2 species), Schnella (19 species) and Tylosema (1 species) were observed to determine location and relative number of glands. They were only observed on the abaxial leaf surface of 42 Bauhinia taxa. The glands were analyzed by light stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. They are large (up to 270 µm long and 115 µm wide) and multicellular, containing lipophilic substances, probably volatile oils. Presence or absence and density of the glands in species of Bauhinia may be useful to determine species delimitation or distinction among infraspecific taxa. Higher density of glands is more common in species from "cerrado" (a savanna ecosystem) and "caatinga" (a semiarid ecosystem from northeast Brazil) areas. Bauhinia species devoid of foliar glands are frequently from humid forests.

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Foliar epidermis morphology in Quercus (subgenus Quercus, section Quercus) in Iran

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.2478/v10184-010-0029-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 95-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Parisa Panahi ◽

Ziba Jamzad ◽

Mohammad Pourmajidian ◽

Asghar Fallah ◽

Mehdi Pourhashemi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Epicuticular Waxes ◽

Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Trichome Types ◽

Foliar Morphology ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Foliar Epidermis

Foliar epidermis morphology inQuercus(subgenusQuercus, sectionQuercus) in IranThe foliar morphology of trichomes, epicuticular waxes and stomata inQuercus cedrorum, Q. infectoriasubsp.boissieri, Q. komarovii, Q. longipes, Q. macranthera, Q. petraeasubsp.ibericaandQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflorawere studied by scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are mainly present on abaxial leaf surface in most species, but rarely they appear on adaxial surface. Five trichome types are identified as simple uniseriate, bulbous, solitary, fasciculate and stellate. The stomata of all studied species are of the anomocytic type, raised on the epidermis. The stomata rim may or may not be covered with epicuticular. The epicuticular waxes are mostly of the crystalloid type but smooth layer wax is observed inQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflora.Statistical analysis revealed foliar micromorphological features as been diagnostic characters inQuercus.

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ROSE LEAF SURFACE - BLACKSPOT DISEASE RESISTANCE: A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE VIEW

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1093f ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1093f-1093

Author(s):

K.S. Reddy ◽

S.E. Newman ◽

J.A. Spencer ◽

R.N. Paul

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Fungal Spore ◽

Dynamic Nature ◽

Diplocarpon Rosae ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Visual Concepts ◽

Resistant Genotypes ◽

Scanning Electron

Blackspot disease, caused by Diplocarpon rosae, is a devastating disease of garden roses. Most hybrid teas and floribundas are susceptible to this disease in contrast to many species roses, which are resistant. The basis of this resistance is not known. The first barrier to invasion by the pathogen is the outer surface of the leaf. The physical nature of this surface may influence the attempted infection, landing, germination and penetration by the fungal spore and may cause a failure of infection. The leaf surfaces of susceptible and resistant genotypes were observed using SEM that allowed examination of the fine structure of the leaf surface. The characteristics of the leaf surface topography including wax structures were pictorially compared and visual concepts developed in relation to the dynamic nature of the leaf surface in space and time as leaf is infected by the pathogen.

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Contribution to the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of the Cerrado: a transfer to Lessingianthus, in a new rank and with a new name

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 238 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Guilherme Medeiros Antar ◽

BENOÎT LOEUILLE

Keyword(s):

Leaf Surface ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

New Name ◽

The North ◽

Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

North Eastern ◽

Northern Portion ◽

Distrito Federal ◽

First Time

Vernonia monocephala subsp. irwinii is a member of the genus Lessingianthus and is hereby transferred to that genus with a new status and a new name, L. semirii. It differs from L. monocephalus by its subsessile to petiolate (vs. sessile) leaves, largely attenuate (vs. rounded to attenuate) leaf bases, adaxial leaf surfaces drying black (vs. greenish), tomentose to velutinous (vs. villous) abaxial leaf surface and stem indument, and number of florets per head (up to 120 vs. up to 210). Both species are native to provinces of the Cerrado Domain, but they do not occur sympatrically: L. semirii is restricted to the North-eastern floristic province (Bahia, Maranhão, Tocantins and Pará states) and northern portion of the Central-western floristic province (Mato Grosso state), whereas L. monocephalus occurs in Distrito Federal and Goiás states in the Central-western, Central and South-eastern floristic provinces. Lessingianthus semirii is hereby described and illustrated for the first time; a distribution map is provided and affinities of this species are discussed.

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Notes on leaf micromorphology of the rare herbaceous bamboo Buergersiochloa bambusoides Pilg. (Olyreae, Poaceae) from New Guinea and its taxonomic implications

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.172.59506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 135-143

Author(s):

Jamile F. Lima ◽

Kelly Regina B. Leite ◽

Lynn G. Clark ◽

Reyjane P. Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Leaf Surface ◽

New Guinea ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Leaf Micromorphology ◽

Stomatal Complexes ◽

Herbaceous Bamboos ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Taxonomic Implications ◽

First Time ◽

Scanning Electron

We present notes on the leaf micromorphology of Buergersiochloa bambusoides, a rare species from New Guinea and included in Buergersiochloinae, one of three subtribes of the herbaceous bamboos (tribe Olyreae). We used scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to analyze the microcharacters of both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Within the Olyreae, saddle-shaped silica bodies in both the costal and intercostal zones are considered unique to Buergersiochloinae. Simple, circular and very small papillae are observed on the adaxial surface, and for the first time, branched papillae on the abaxial surface are observed in B. bambusoides. On the abaxial surface, there are papillae on long cells associated with the stomatal complexes. Bicellular microhairs are the only trichomes present and they are found almost exclusively on the abaxial surface. The saddle-shaped silica bodies are the most taxonomically important among the microcharacters observed on the leaf surface of B. bambusoides.

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ДЕЯКІ МІКРОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ATOCION LITHUANICUM (ZAPAŁ.) TZVEL. ТА A. ARMERIA (L.) RAF. ФЛОРИ УКРАЇНИ

Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University ◽

10.15421/2015001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. O. Martynyuk ◽

N. I. Karpenko ◽

O. M. Tsarenko

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Anticlinal Wall ◽

Separate Species ◽

Exine Ornamentation ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Seed Characteristics ◽

Scanning Electron

Atocion lithuanicum (Zapał.) Tzvel. (basionym Silene lithuanica Zapał.) is an endemic species of the Polesie, related and morphologically similar to A. armeria (L.) Raf., which naturally occurs in Central and Southern Europe, but is widely cultivated. In Ukraine A. lithuanicum is considered as separate species and included in different issues of nature conservation, but in Europe it is listed as synonym or variety of A. armeria. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine micromorphological features of these taxa to distinguish them. Pollen grains, seeds and leaf surfaces of both Atocion lithuanicum and A. armeria (L.) Raf. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Palynological distinctions between these taxa are associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains, such as margin of a pollen (smooth or undulate), diameter of pores (3,04-5,22 (3,96±0,57) or 2,62-4,15 (3,47±0,32) µm), microechinate number on the pore (11-20 (25) or 7-14), exine ornamentation (acute, broadly conical spinule or obtuse spinule) and perforation diameter (0,1 or 0,2-0,3 µm). Seed characteristics such as dimensions (350-570 х 450-630 (468,78±49,2 х 544,84±51,39) in A. lithuanicum or 480-670 х 600-800 (595,67±48,04 х 706,67± 50,26) µm in A. armeria), shape (reniform-circular or reniform-triangular and reniform-circular), dimensions of exotesta cells in distal row (69-160 х 13-28,6 (116,52±21,9 х 20,72±3,99) or 95,6-202,7 х 7,8-40,5 (143,31±27,3 х 28,76±5,05) µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 or 19-29), papilla presence on periclinal wall of lateral and dorsal surfaces (common absent or scarce weakly expressed in A. lithuanicum or usually strongly expressed in A. armeria) also differ these taxa. Epicuticular wax projections are of different size and shape even on the same lamina, so no significant differences in the leaf surface microcharacteristics were observed. Thereby, new micromorphological distinctions associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains and the seeds were demonstrated, which allows to distinguish these taxa. Key words: Atocion lithuanicum, A. armeria, SЕМ, pollen, seed, lamina

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Low-temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy and Physical-Chemical investigations of leaf surface characteristics

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135265 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 332-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Guggenheim ◽

E. Zuberbühler ◽

M. Düggelin ◽

J. Harr

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Wetting Properties ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Temperature Scanning ◽

Scanning Electron

Plant protection agents (often incorrectly referred to as ‘pesticides’) mostly are targeted at plant surfaces either to protect them against pathogens and parasites or to destroy the treated plants in the case of herbicides. Many times, more than one species of plants are involved, that respond differently to such applications.In any of the cases cited, a thorough knowledge of the leaf surface characteristics may help to explain desired or undesirable effects. Also the wetting properties of a spray applied to plants will likely influence the performance of the active ingredient involved. It is obvious that only the use of a whole array of different methods will allow an interpretation or a prediction of effects caused by the application of plant protection sprays.To get well preserved epicuticular wax structures of leaf surfaces we used low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). Fresh cut samples were immediatly frozen in liquid nitrogen, transferred into a Balzers SCU 020 cryopreparation unit attached to an SEM Cambridge Mk II A.

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Influence of leaf surface micromorphology, wax content, and surfactant on primisulfuron droplet spread on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-05-173r.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 627-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Debanjan Sanyal ◽

Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽

Krishna N. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Unit Area ◽

Wetting Agent ◽

Adaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Spread Area ◽

Wax Content

Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the leaf surface, epicuticular wax content, and spread area of primisulfuron spray droplet with and without surfactant on leaf surface of barnyardgrass and green foxtail. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy and leaf wax was extracted and quantified. The spread of 1-μl droplets of distilled water, primisulfuron solution (without surfactant), primisulfuron solution with a nonionic low foam wetter/spreader adjuvant (0.25% v/v), and with an organosilicone wetting agent (0.1% v/v) was determined on the adaxial leaf surfaces of each of the weed species. Stomata and trichomes were present on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in both species. Green foxtail had more stomata per unit area on the adaxial as compared to the abaxial leaf surface. Barnyardgrass had more stomata on the abaxial than on the adaxial leaf surface. There was no significant variation in the number of trichomes per unit leaf area of green foxtail, and the number of prickles per unit area of leaf was significantly higher in adaxial than the abaxial leaf surface, in both young and old leaves. In barnyardgrass, there were more trichomes on abaxial than adaxial leaf surface. The mean value of the wax content per unit of leaf area in barnyardgrass and green foxtail was 35.9 μg cm−2and 19.1 μg cm−2, respectively. On both species primisulfuron with a nonionic surfactant had more spread area than that without a surfactant, and the spread was even greater with organosilicone wetting agent. The spread area of primisulfuron droplet was higher on the leaf surface of barnyardgrass than on green foxtail when surfactant was added.

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Characterization of Waxy Material of the Giant Whitefly, Aleurodicus Dugesii, Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Capillary Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (CGC-MS)

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600007492 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 3 (S2) ◽

pp. 121-122

Author(s):

T. P. Freeman ◽

D. R. Nelson ◽

J. S. Buckner ◽

R. L. Ruud ◽

C. L. Fatland

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Dorsal Surface ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Male And Female ◽

Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Waxy Material ◽

Long Chain ◽

Scanning Electron

The giant whitefly is a pest, particularly of Hibiscus and sometimes avocados, in southern California. The insect is unique in that the nymphal stages produce copious quantities of waxy material differing in structure and chemical composition. Adults produce a waxy material (waxy particles) which covers them and surrounding surfaces, and the female also produces a waxy material with which she forms a circular trail of wax strands on the abaxial leaf surface.Waxy particles produced by male and female adults consisted of long-chain aldehydes and alcohols, largely 32 carbons in chain length. As waxy ribbons extruded from anterior abdominal wax plates, they are periodically broken off by the tibia and the resulting particles coat adults, nymphs and surrounding surfaces. The female has a second set of wax plates posteriorly on her abdomen which produce waxy strands. As her abdomen drags along the abaxial leaf surface during oviposition these strands break off forming a waxy trail camouflaging the eggs.The nymphs produce several types of waxy material. Two types are produced at the same time from 10 pores on the dorsal surface; waxy material is extruded as a filament on which a second waxy material curls off as extrusion occurs.

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Herbicide Dispersal Patterns: I. As a Function of Leaf Surface

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500037516 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

F. D. Hess ◽

D. E. Bayer ◽

R. H. Falk

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Detection Mode ◽

Herbicide Concentration ◽

Wax Content ◽

Periclinal Walls ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

High Application

The distribution pattern of MCPA ([(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid) on leaf surfaces of three species was studied using the cathodoluminescence detection mode of a scanning electron microscope. On low-wax-content sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) leaves MCPA concentrated in the depressions over the anticlinal cell walls when applied at high volumes (748 and 374 L/ha). At low volumes (23 L/ha), numerous small deposits of MCPA were randomly distributed over both anticlinal and periclinal walls. These distinct patterns were independent of herbicide concentration. Regardless of spray volumes, MCPA remaining on the waxy leaf surfaces of cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL.) coalesced into small thick deposits. Large spray drops from high application volumes shattered on impact with the stellate hairs of turkey mullein (Eremocarpus setigerusBenth.) resulting in some MCPA reaching the leaf surface. Spray drops from low application volumes did not shatter but lodged on the hairs with very little reaching the leaf surface.

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Resistance of White-flowered Gourd to Sweetpotato Whitefly

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1217 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1217-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.N. Kishaba ◽

S. Castle ◽

J.D. McCreight ◽

P.R. Desjardins

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Melo ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Field Tests ◽

Plant Introduction ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽

Surface Scanning ◽

Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Leaf Trichome

Confined-leaf tests in a greenhouse showed Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley plant introduction (PI) 442369 was as susceptible to sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, oviposition as Cucumis melo L., Cucurbita ecuadorensis Cutler and Whitaker, and Cucurbita lundelliana Bailey, whereas L. siceraria accessions PI 419090, PI 419215, PI 432341, and PI 432342 were resistant. Resistance rankings of L. siceraria accessions based on adult counts in greenhouse and field tests were similar. Adult entrapment among trichomes was highest on adaxial leaf surfaces of L. siceraria PI 419090. Abaxial leaf trichome density was 48.7/mm2 on sweetpotato whitefly-resistant L. siceraria PI 432342, 42.1/mm2 on Cucurbita lundelliana PI 540895, and ranged from 51.0 to 85.5/mm2 on Cucurbita ecuadorensis PI 540896. Leaf trichome densities of selected plants of four L. siceraria accessions ranged from 33.0 to 52/mm2 on the abaxial and from 6.3 to 20.8/mm2 on the adaxial surface. Scanning electron micrographs of the abaxial leaf surface, the preferred surface for oviposition, suggest that trichome configuration (density and arrangement of different lengths) could be a factor in reduction of whitefly oviposition on L. siceraria.

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