scholarly journals DUMIRA – a management related vegetation plot database of Dutch military ranges

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Iris de Ronde ◽  
Rense Haveman ◽  
Anja van der Berg ◽  
Tom van Heusden
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Global Index

In this paper we describe the historical background and contents of the DUMIRA vegetation plot database (GIVD-code EU-NL-003). It contains 13,046 relevés, collected between 1995 and 2018 at military ranges in the Netherlands, and it is updated regularly with new data. Historical circumstances led to the placement of military ranges at the most nutrient poor, dry, sandy soils, and as a result, the database is built up mainly by plots of Calluno-Ulicetea and Nardetea heathlands, Koelerio-Corynephoretea grasslands, and Quercetea robori-petraeae woodlands. These classes account for more than 50% of the database. Coastal communities (e.g. from the Juncetea maritimae and the Therosalicornietea) and scrubs (e.g. the Lonicero-Rubetea plicati and Salicetea arenariae) are other important sources. Notably, throughout the database, Rubus species are identified to species level. Although the DUMIRA database was initially used for management related vegetation mapping projects, the data gave rise to several more scientific studies and papers. Taxonomic reference: Van der Meijden (2005) for vascular plants; Van de Beek et al. (2014) for Rubus; Kleukers et al. (2004) for Orthoptera. Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: DUMIRA = Vegetation plot database of Dutch Military Ranges; GIVD = Global Index of Vegetation-plot Databases; MoD = Ministry of Defence.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the sodium content of meadow grass.

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-47
Author(s):  
C.H. Menkens
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Soil K Status ◽  
Mg Content

Sodium content of grass was largely determined by Na content and K number of the soil. At a given Na content of soil, the Na content of grass decreased with increasing K number of the soil but the decrease was small where K number was >30. Na content of grass increased with increasing soil Na; the increase was higher at low- than at high soil-K status. K fertilizing lowered grass Na at low soil-K status. Soil-Na content can be used in the Netherlands as a basis for Na-fertilizer recommendations, since K number has generally reached a level at which it has an almost constant effect on Na content of grass. Influences of the K and Na status of the soil on the Na content of grass can be expressed as the ratios (15 X K number)/(Na2O+6) for sandy soils and (25X K number)/(Na2O + 14) for clay soils, the numerator at K numbers > 30 being the same as that at K number=30. With increasing ratios, the Na content of grass decreases. The influence on herbage -Na level of a given amount of Na in K fertilizers is correlated to these ratios. The influence of N fertilizers on Na content of grass was not clear and the influence of Mg fertilizers was negligible. Chile nitrate and Nad affected the Na of grass similarly, but Chile nitrate differed from NaCl in decreasing the Ca content; both fertilizers slightly lowered the Mg content of grass. Herbs and clovers contained more Na than grass does. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Public Subsidies for Private and Public Education: The Dutch Case

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle James
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
The Government

The possibility of “privatizing” education and other quasi-public services has been widely discussed in the United States today, and in other chapters of this volume. Policies such as a voucher or tax credit system, which would give public subsidies to private schools, are examples of privatization proposals. Many people feel that such policies would bring variety, choice, consumer responsiveness, and greater efficiency to our schools. Others fear that they would increase social segmentation, damage the public schools, and enable wealthy people to receive a better education for their children privately, but (partially) at the public expense. To expore these issues, this chapter examines the experience of the Netherlands, a country which, in effect, has had a voucher system in education for many years. In Holland, education and most health and social services are financed by the government but delivered by private nonprofit organizations, often religious in nature. As shall become evident below, the Dutch educational system avoids many of the possible pitfalls of privatization. This is due partially to particular mechanisms the Dutch have adopted to avoid these problems, which could conceivably be replicated here, and partially to broader structural features of the Dutch educational system and its role within society, which could not readily be replicated. The chapter proceeds as follows: The first section summarizes the historical background of the public-private division of responsibility for education in the Netherlands. The policy of privatization is seen as a response to diverse tastes about education, stemming from basic cultural (religious) differences, in a political setting where no one group was in a position to impose its preferred product variety on the others. This is consistent with a hypothesis I am testing in a multicountry study: that degree of reliance on private provision of quasi-public goods is positively related to cultural (particularly religious and linguistic) heterogeneity in democratic societies. It also is relevant to the discussions, found in several previous chapters, of why families choose private schooling.

scholarly journals Reformed missionary work at Richmond (KZN): A historical analysis of its Dutch roots

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wielenga
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

In this article the Dutch roots of Reformed missionary work, based at Richmond (KZN) since 1960 are analysed. The following three aspects were investigated: the church-historical background of Dutch missionary work in KwaZulu-Natal; the political context within which the work was undertaken, the relationship between the Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika (GKSA) and the Dutch churches that sent missionaries to KwaZulu-Natal, the Netherlands Reformed Churches (Nederlands Gereformeerde Kerken). The investigation undertaken in this article attempts to contribute to a deeper understanding of the sometimes uneasy relationship between the GKSA and one of her missionary partners from abroad.

Fungal Infection and Presence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Cereals Grown in The Netherlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONIQUE DE NIJS ◽  
POP SOENTORO ◽  
ELLEN DELFGOU-VAN ASCH ◽  
HENRY KAMPHUIS ◽  
FRANK M. ROMBOUTS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fusarium Crookwellense ◽  
Cereal Samples

In 1991 and 1993 cereals were sampled during harvest in The Netherlands. The samples were tested for the presence of molds and the samples of 1993 were additionally tested for the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. The molds were identified to genus level and those belonging to the genus Fusarium to species level. The total fungal infection of cereals in 1991 did not differ from 1993, with a median value of 5.0 log CFU g−1 in both years. The incidences of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, the group of Mucor and Rhizopus, Cladosporium, and Fusarium differed considerably between the two years, possibly caused by the different weather conditions. The numbers of samples infected with Fusarium were much higher in 1993 (83%) than in 1991 (34%). In 1991, no Fusarium was detected in samples from the southern part of The Netherlands, as opposed to 1993, when Fusarium was found in all regions sampled. The most dominant Fusarium species in 1991 were Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium avenaceum. In 1993, Fusarium poae, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium crookwellense dominated. All these Fusarium species are known mycotoxin producers. Three percent of the cereal samples of 1993 contained deoxynivalenol and 1% contained zearalenone in levels of over 500 μg kg−1 and 200 μg kg−1, respectively. This study has shown that the incidences of various fungal genera and Fusarium species in cereals in The Netherlands can vary from year to year. Considerable numbers of toxigenic Fusarium molds can occur and Fusarium mycotoxins may be present.

Classification of Leptospira genomospecies 1, 3, 4 and 5 as Leptospira alstonii sp. nov., Leptospira vanthielii sp. nov., Leptospira terpstrae sp. nov. and Leptospira yanagawae sp. nov., respectively

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1859-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Smythe ◽  
B. Adler ◽  
R. A. Hartskeerl ◽  
R. L. Galloway ◽  
C. Y. Turenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Type Strains

The genus Leptospira currently comprises 16 named species. In addition, four unnamed hybridization groups were designated Leptospira genomospecies 1, 3, 4 and 5. These groups represent valid species-level taxa, but were not assigned names in the original description by Brenner et al. [Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 839–858 (1999)]. To rectify this situation, it is proposed that Leptospira genomospecies 1, genomospecies 3, genomospecies 4 and genomospecies 5 should be classified as Leptospira alstonii sp. nov., Leptospira vanthielii sp. nov., Leptospira terpstrae sp. nov. and Leptospira yanagawae sp. nov., respectively, with strains L. alstonii 79601T ( = ATCC BAA-2439T), L. vanthielii WaZ HollandT ( = ATCC 700522T), L. terpstrae LT 11-33T ( = ATCC 700639T) and L. yanagawae Sao PauloT ( = ATCC 700523T) as the type strains. The type strains are also available from the culture collections of the WHO Collaborating Centres in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Brisbane, Australia.

scholarly journals Is Dutch a Pluricentric Language with Two Centres of Standardization? An Overview of the Differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch from a Flemish Perspective

Werkwinkel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Robertus de Louw
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
Dutch Language

Abstract Dutch, a West-Germanic language, is spoken by approximately 23 million people worldwide. In Europe, it is the language of all of the Netherlands and the northern part of Belgium, called Flanders. It is often said that since the Dutch and the Flemish speak Dutch differently, they in fact speak two different languages - Netherlandic Dutch and Belgian Dutch (Flemish). Linguists, however, argue they are not necessarily two separate languages but rather two varieties - a Netherlandic and a Belgian variety - of the same language, Dutch. Since there are a substantial number of grammatical, lexical, phonetic and even spelling differences between Belgian and Netherlandic Dutch, the question is whether Dutch is a pluricentric language with two centres of standardization or not. By explaining the socio-historical background of the Dutch language and giving a comprehensive overview of the differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch, this article attempts to answer the aforementioned (research) question.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document