Public Subsidies for Private and Public Education: The Dutch Case

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle James
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
The Government

The possibility of “privatizing” education and other quasi-public services has been widely discussed in the United States today, and in other chapters of this volume. Policies such as a voucher or tax credit system, which would give public subsidies to private schools, are examples of privatization proposals. Many people feel that such policies would bring variety, choice, consumer responsiveness, and greater efficiency to our schools. Others fear that they would increase social segmentation, damage the public schools, and enable wealthy people to receive a better education for their children privately, but (partially) at the public expense. To expore these issues, this chapter examines the experience of the Netherlands, a country which, in effect, has had a voucher system in education for many years. In Holland, education and most health and social services are financed by the government but delivered by private nonprofit organizations, often religious in nature. As shall become evident below, the Dutch educational system avoids many of the possible pitfalls of privatization. This is due partially to particular mechanisms the Dutch have adopted to avoid these problems, which could conceivably be replicated here, and partially to broader structural features of the Dutch educational system and its role within society, which could not readily be replicated. The chapter proceeds as follows: The first section summarizes the historical background of the public-private division of responsibility for education in the Netherlands. The policy of privatization is seen as a response to diverse tastes about education, stemming from basic cultural (religious) differences, in a political setting where no one group was in a position to impose its preferred product variety on the others. This is consistent with a hypothesis I am testing in a multicountry study: that degree of reliance on private provision of quasi-public goods is positively related to cultural (particularly religious and linguistic) heterogeneity in democratic societies. It also is relevant to the discussions, found in several previous chapters, of why families choose private schooling.

The Democratic Implications of npos and the Control Strategy of the State

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjuan Geng ◽  
Lucas Meijs
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The Government

Liberal scholars attribute an essential role to nonprofit organizations (npos) in the process of democratization, due to their roles in raising public awareness and supervising the hegemony of the state. Nevertheless, the current literature has yet to pay sufficient attention to the ways in which governments respond to the dynamics of power. As argued inpublic rational choice theory, the government is a self-benefit maximizing bureaucrat that spares no effort to adopt various strategies aimed at keeping society under control. We have studied this postulation by comparing the two contrasting civil societies of China and the Netherlands. Results from our investigation of campaigningnpos from China and the Netherlands confirm that states tend to apply a range of strategies (e.g., political restrictions and financial instruments) in order to assimilatenpos into the developmental planning of the government (e.g., by stimulating the economic functions ofnpos while weakening their democratic functions in intangible ways).

How to strengthen the social media interactivity of e-government

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaoling Hao ◽  
Daqing Zheng ◽  
Qingfeng Zeng ◽  
Weiguo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how to use social media in e-government to strengthen interactivity between government and the general public. Design/methodology/approach – Categorizing the determinants to interactivity covering depth and breadth into two aspects that are the structural features and the content features, this study employs general linear model and ANOVA method to analyse 14,910 posts belonged to the top list of the 96 most popular government accounts of Sina, one of the largest social media platforms in China. Findings – The main findings of the research are that both variables of the ratio of multimedia elements, and the ratio of external links have positive effects on the breadth of interactivity, while the ratio of multimedia features, and the ratio of originality have significant effects on the depth of interactivity. Originality/value – The contributions are as follows. First, the authors analyse the properties and the topics of government posts to draw a rich picture of how local governments use the micro-blog as a communications channel to interact with the public. Second, the authors conceptualize the government online interactivity in terms of the breadth and depth. Third, the authors identify factors that will enhance the interactivity from two aspects: structural features and content features. Lastly, the authors offer suggestions to local governments on how to strengthen the e-government interactivity in social media.

Transplant Policy in the Netherlands

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank de Charro ◽  
H. David Banta
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Societal Problems

The Netherlands is a small country of about 15 million inhabitants. With 400 inhabitants per square kilometer, it is one of the most densely populated areas of the world (19). Here, government is not seen as negative, but as a tool to solve societal problems. Ordinarily, the public and private sectors work cooperatively together, but the government will step in when needed. (19, 20).

scholarly journals Ferðavenjur grunnskólabarna á landsbyggðinni: Hefur þjóðvegurinn áhrif?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Erna Bára Hreinsdóttir ◽  
Sigríður Kristjánsdóttir ◽  
Haraldur Sigþórsson
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Active Mode ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Government

Over the last decades the car has become an increasingly bigger part of our lives. Sometimes Icelanders say that they use the private car instead of a coat. In modern planning some of the main goals are sustainability and public health. By using other means of travel than the private car, pollution will decrease and the need to rebuild traffic infrastructure is less likely. Active lifestyle also contributes to health. The government as well as many local authorities motivate citizens for a healthier lifestyle, for example by encouraging them to use an active mode of travel, such as walking or cycling. This should result in improved wellbeing and the costs of health care should be reduced. To implement active travel the focus is on children and how they get to school. In Reykjavík the public schools are often situated in the middle of the neighbourhood so children do not need to cross roads with heavy traffic on their way to school. Furthermore, children in Reykjavík usually do not have to travel over 800m for school. A study shows that 84% of school children in Reykjavík walk or cycle to school. But how is the situation in smaller towns in other parts of Iceland? A study was done in six towns in Iceland. Based on residence within 800m from school, it turns out that the ratio in towns in rural areas is significantly lower than in Reykjavík, or 66%. The circumstances in the towns are different from those in Reykjavík because of the highway crossing the residential areas. By law, any authorized vehicles is to be able to be driven through the highway. Therefore there is often heavy traffic on the highways. The rate of active transport for the children who do not need to cross the road on their way to school is 77%, which is pretty close to the percentage in Reykjavík. Active mode of travelling by children that have to cross the road on their way to school is significantly lower; or 40%. The conclusion is that the location of the school and the highway affects the way children travel to school. These results are useful tools for municipalities preparing spatial plans

scholarly journals Voices from Indonesian Legislative on Religious Education Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamhari Jamhari ◽  
Yunita Faela Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Religious violent extremism remains a problem for Indonesia. Recently, three consecutive attacks carried out by violent religious extremists — a suicide bombing in front of a Cathedral Church in Makassar South Sulawesi, the discovery of several prepared high explosive bombs in Condet Jakarta, and a female lone wolf attack on the Indonesian Police Criminal Investigation Agency — shocked the public (Fakta-data di Balik Bom Bunuh Diri, 29 Maret 2021; Polisi sebut Terduga Teroris Condet & Bekasi, 2021; Teroris Penyerang Mabes Polri, 2021). It may not be surprising since there were some early indications from various studies that some Indonesian people still have religious attitudes and behaviors that are exclusive, closed, anti-citizenship, anti-state, and even pro-violence (PPIM, 2016, 2017, 2018; Puspidep, 2017, 2018). The PPIM study results (2018) show that around 58.5 percent of students tend to be religious radical, and 51.1 percent tend to be intolerant to differences within Muslim groups. Then, as many as 34.3 percent of students are intolerant to non-Muslim groups. Radical views that are intolerant toward those who are different are the first step to violent extremism. These studies are a reminder that violent extremism is a problem for all of Indonesian society. Therefore, PPIM surveyed the perceptions of the public, students, teachers, and Indonesian Members of Parliament on violent extremism.In Indonesia, political parties have a vital role. Political parties develop policies, laws, and regulations. Another strategic part is that political parties become important actors in crystallizing citizens' political aspirations, including rules related to religion and religious education (Mujani & Liddle, 2018; Muhtadi & Mietzner, 2019; LIPI, 2018, 2019). Through their representatives — who are elected through a regular fair election once every five years — in the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, political parties have an essential role in determining public policy through their function as a check and balance institution for the Government. The enactment of religious education as a compulsory subject for all students at all levels has become a debate among the Indonesian public, and whether the Government should regulate religious issues in public education. The issue of religious education in public schools is essential as PPIM's research suggests that the religious subject's teachers may contribute to students' radical views (PPIM, 2017).

scholarly journals Post-Industrial Challenges In Modern South Korea: Educational Pressures And Their Impact On Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Evelyn Henao Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Industrial

This paper examines the role of the educational system in modern South Korea and its effects on young students. It takes a threefold approach: Starting off with a historical background about education as the backbone for South Korea’s rapid economic growth during the 70s and 80s, followed by an in-detail approach to the current educational system and its high-pressure context. Afterwards, the effects on youth deriving from this particular background are 24 MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol. 10, No. 18 explored from a social, cultural, and demographic standpoint, closing up with the actions taken by the government to tackle this national issue. Last, but not least, based on the quantitative and qualitative work of previous authors, this paper concludes with an insight of recommendations and the importance of addressing limitations and acknowledging gaps, as a step to effective measures that offer social welfare for future generations.

scholarly journals Towards a good governance system : The implementation of a system of management control in a public institution: Case of a Regional Academy for Education and Training.

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1278-1288
Author(s):  
TOUILI KARIMA ◽  
DEKRI MERIAM
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Priority ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

The issue of reforming the Moroccan educational system has become an important national topic. The government is looking forward to achieve the objectives that have been defined forward for this system and contribute to let it be performant.Effectively, the Moroccan educational system is the second national priority. All the national speeches of his majesty king of Morocco are focalized in reorganizing this system by detecting the problems and developing pertinent solutions and tools able to make the difference in the future. The Moroccan context is characterized by the will of government to establish the notion of governance and performance in the public services in general and in the national educational system especially. The aim of our paper is to study how can we introduce the concept of performance in the educational system by integrating a system of management control in the system of education?The hypothesis that the three habitual summits of management control namely- means –objectives and realizations arenot enough for studying the complexity and the missions of such a sector like the educational system where the satisfactions of users is an important factor that must be took into consideration.

Women, Islam and rights in Europe: beyond a universalist/culturalist dichotomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANE FREEDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
School System ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Public School System ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Public ◽  
German States

In 2004 the French National Assembly and Senate passed legislation which makes it illegal for Muslim women to wear headscarves (the hijab) within French public schools. To be precise the legislation refers to the banning of ostentatious religious symbols within the secular domain of the public school system, but is clearly aimed primarily at Muslim women, following a long-running dispute over this issue. Similar debates are taking place in other European countries such as Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain. A bill modelled on the recent French legislation has been tabled in the Belgian senate, whilst various court cases have been brought in other European countries by Muslim women who have been banned from wearing headscarves by employers or schools. Following a ruling of the German Supreme Court that a Muslim teacher should be allowed to wear a headscarf, as this did not contravene current legislation, the state of Baden-Wuerttenberg acted to introduce legislation to ban headscarves, and this legislation is likely to be copied by six other German states.

Electoral Systems in Context

2017 ◽  
pp. 556-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Party System ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Electoral Reform ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The Netherlands has one of the most proportional electoral systems in the world. This chapter details the origins, functioning, and effects of the Dutch electoral system. After providing the historical background of the electoral system, the chapter discusses the allocation of seats both to parties and to candidates and gives practical examples. Afterward, the chapter outlines the effects of the electoral system on the party system, the parties themselves, the composition of the parliament, and the government formation. Lastly, the chapter covers historical and more recent electoral reform debates. It turns out that in the Netherlands, electoral reform is a Sisyphean task: because of the low electoral threshold, electoral reform is always on the table, but given the broad coalitions and rigid constitution, reform attempts typically fail, and the reform discussions have to start all over again.

scholarly journals Work of teachers co-organising the process of education of pupils with special educational needs in the opinions of public school teachers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Niemiec
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Issues

One of the key issues within the area of issues related to contemporary special education is inclusive education. The purpose of the presented article is to analyse the key entities participating in the teaching and upbringing of pupils in the public educational system – the roles, tasks, professional qualifications, predispositions and personality traits of teachers of pupils with special educational needs. The article also presents results of research carried out by the author among teachers at public schools in the Silesian Voivodeship.

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