The vegetation of rich fens (Sphagno warnstorfii-Tomentypnion nitentis) at the southeastern margins of their European range

Question: Rich fens of the Sphagno warnstorfii-Tomentypnion nitentis alliance require a specific combination of base richness and climate to occur. Their rarity at the southeastern margins of their European range has previously prevented rigorous vegetation classification. We asked how many associations may be delimited here and whether some of them are restricted to the high Balkan Mountains showing high endemicity. Study area: Entire territories of Bulgaria and Romania. Methods: We compiled all available vegetation-plot records, including some hitherto unprocessed data. We classified them by both divisive (modified TWINSPAN) and agglomerative (beta-flexible clustering) numerical classification method, with OPTIMCLASS1 applied to set the number of clusters. A semi-supervised approach (k-means) was additionally applied to confirm the classification of Southern-Carpathian (Romania) rich fens, where some Balkan taxa occur. Differences in base richness and elevation were tested by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s pairwise test. Results: Three associations were delimited and all three occur in Bulgaria, from where only one association had been previously reported. Two associations characterised by Sphagnum contortum and Balkan and Southern-European species occur in Bulgaria, but not in Romania, one at lower elevations around 1,200 m, and one at higher elevations around 2,000 m where pH is lower. One lower-elevation (around 1,300 m) association with S. warnstorfii and S. teres is shared between Romania, Bulgaria and Central Europe. Conclusions: We have described a new high-mountain association, with two subassociations that differ by successional stage and dominant peat moss species (S. contortum and S. warnstorfii, respectively). These subassociations could be reconsidered when more data from other Balkan countries are available. Rich fens in southeastern Europe are rare, have a diverse vegetation, and are deserving of the further attention of nature conservation authorities and vegetation scientists. Taxonomic reference: The nomenclature was harmonized following The Euro+Med PlantBase (Euro+Med 2021) for vascular plants and Hill et al. (2006) for bryophytes, except of Angelica pancicii that is accepted as a separate taxon in Bulgaria (Andreev et al. 1992; Delipavlov et al. 2003). Critical taxa, not always reliably differentiated in the field and in literary sources, were merged to aggregates: Alchemilla vulgaris agg. (all Alchemilla species), Anthoxanthum odoratum agg. (A. alpinum, A. odoratum), Molinia caerulea agg. (M. arundinacea subsp. arundinacea, M. arundinacea subsp. freyi, M. caerulea), Palustriella commutata agg. (P. commutata, P. falcata), Plagiomnium affine agg. (P. affine, P. elatum, P. ellipticum), Sphagnum palustre agg. (S. centrale, S. palustre). Syntaxonomic reference: Peterka et al. (2017) for alliances.

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Source Locality Effects on Restoration Potential in Sphagnum palustre L. from 3 Ohio Sites

The Ohio Journal of Science ◽

10.18061/ojs.v118i2.6354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Tony Miller ◽

Randall J. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Local Adaptation ◽

Water Source ◽

Length Change ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Moss Species ◽

Source Effects ◽

Study Team ◽

Full Factorial ◽

Sphagnum Palustre

Understanding whether propagules from different donor sources differ in their performance at a site may be important for restoration of many habitats. This study aimed at evaluating source effects in Sphagnum palustre L, a peatland moss species, for potential use in a restoration setting. Tamarack Bog, a remnant peatland in Bath Township, Ohio, is being restored. One goal is to increase Sphagnum coverage. This study focused on the dominant species of peat moss at the bog, S. palustre. To test for source effects, S. palustre and water samples were collected from 3 different locations (Mentor Marsh, Tamarack Bog, and Singer Lake) and used in 2 experiments. Plant performance was assessed by measuring growth in length and increase in mass. In the first experiment, a full factorial test was conducted: moss sampled from each location was grown directly in water collected from each location. In the second experiment—also a full factorial test—moss sampled from each location was separately grown on a uniform, commercially harvested, peat substrate and supplied with water collected from each location. In the design of both experiments, local adaptation would be indicated by better performance (both experiments measured length change and mass change, plus capitulum counts in the second experiment) for plants grown in their home water source than for plants grown in water from other sites. Ultimately, the study team did not observe evidence for local adaptation in these experiments. However, there were strong plant source effects in both experiments and some indication of differences in response to the water from different sources. Interpreting these results from a restoration standpoint, using donor plants from several source sites may improve the success of restoration.

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Alpine vegetation of the Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoy and Rossypnoy Ridges (Western Altai)

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2015.27.96 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 96-124

Author(s):

E. G. Zibzeev ◽

T. A. Nedovesova

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Climate Forcing ◽

High Mountain ◽

Air Mass ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

Mountain Systems ◽

Mountain Vegetation ◽

Coenotic Diversity

The mountain systems are characterized by diverse ecological conditions (climate, geomorphological, soil, etc.). The wide spectrum of environmental conditions entails a rich diversity of plant communities growing on the small territory and determines the different flora and vegetation geneses. The uniqueness of floristic and coenotic diversities of the high-mountain vegetation of the south of Western Altai (Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges) are associated with the effect of two climate-forcing factors such as the westerly humid air mass and dry warm airflow from the inner Kazakhstan regions. The paper summarizes the data on coenotic diversity (Zibzeev, 2010, 2012) and gives a syntaxonomic analysis of the high-mountain vegetation in the Ivanovskii, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges (Western Altai, Kazakhstan). The classification of plant communities was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach (Westhoff, van der Maarel, 1973). The relevés records were stored in the TURBOVEG database and classified by TWINSPAN (Hill 1979).

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Formation and development of a Special part of criminal law in the period of the X – beginning of the XX century

Gosudarstvo i pravo ◽

10.31857/s102694520012925-8 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Ruslan G. Aslanyan

Keyword(s):

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Institutional Structure ◽

Historical Aspects ◽

Literary Sources ◽

Special Part ◽

The Law

The article examines the historical aspects of the formation and development of a Special part of the Russian Criminal Law. The analysis is based on legal monuments of the X - beginning of the XX century and literary sources. The research is developing in three main directions: a) the ratio of the law and other forms of expression of criminal law prescriptions (here the process of transition from customs to the law as the only means of expressing criminal law norms is revealed); 2) types and system of criminal laws (here the transition from intersectoral laws to the formation of a specialized Criminal Code is shown); 3) systematization of criminal law regulations (here the issues of classification of crimes and structuring of criminal law institutions are revealed). As the main result, it is summarized that by the beginning of the XX century, the idea of creating an independent criminal law was not only implemented in the country, but also, firstly, the principle of its pandect structure was put into practice, suggesting the isolation of its Special part in the structure of the Code and, secondly, the principle of building the most Special part, based on the institutional structure of the industry and the content of goods protected by law.

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ХИРУРГИЯ ЭКССУДАТИВНЫХ ПЕРИКАРДИТОВ

Science Review ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_sr/31032019/6382 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 14-19

Author(s):

Лигоненко А. В.

Keyword(s):

Pericardial Effusion ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Common Disease ◽

Clinical Progression ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Pericardial Cavity ◽

Differential Approach ◽

Literary Sources ◽

Choice Of Treatment

In the article are presented modern approaches to diagnostics, etiological search and methods of surgical correction of pericardial effusion (PE) of different etiology. PE being the most common disease of the pericardium, often has a secondary nature. The overview of modern literature data is presented about terminology and classification of PE, the possibility of etiological search for the cause of effusion in the pericardial cavity, the main diagnostic methods, as well as the main tasks and methods of pericardial surgical interventions and its indications. Based on the analysis of literary sources, we can conclude that the consensus on the clinical and nosological structure, effectiveness and necessity of using various tests and interventions, clinical progression, epidemiology, prognosis and the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of treated PE is actually absent. Our analysis indicates the absence of a systematic and differential approach to choice of treatment tactics.

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Effects of the Substrate and Planting Method on Sphagnum palustre Growth in Subtropical High-Mountain Regions and the Underlying Mechanisms

Wetlands ◽

10.1007/s13157-019-01127-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 879-893

Author(s):

Ting-Ting Li ◽

Tao Liu ◽

Yun Lei ◽

Zhong-Qiang Li ◽

Can Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subtropical High ◽

High Mountain ◽

Mountain Regions ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Planting Method ◽

Sphagnum Palustre

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Negative constructions with “Hem” (no) influencing the choice of the genitive form of nouns

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20196900086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 00086

Author(s):

Lydia Ogorodnikova ◽

Yulia Ryndina

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Russian Language ◽

Double Negation ◽

Structural Types ◽

Literary Sources ◽

Russian Literary ◽

Long Time ◽

The Russian Language ◽

Genitive Case

The article presents a further study of the genitive case variant inflection distribution in inanimate masculine nouns, found in fiction and journalistic texts of the second half of the 18th century. The focus is on the double negation in impersonal-predicative constructions with the word “no”. The relevance of the study is due to the persistent ambiguity of the choice of the genitive case form of words. The novelty is due to the literary sources created during the norm-establishing phase of the Russian literary language development. The article describes forms of the genitive case that have existed in the Russian language for a long time. The authors interpret the mechanism for choosing the genitive case by the authors of fiction and journalistic texts. The authors argue that a negative construct as a syntactic factor has little effect on the choice of the genitive case. The article discusses results of the comparative analysis of noun forms with A- and y-endings. In all types of negative constructions, the A-ending predominates, whereas the y-ending is observed in adverbial constructions and emphatic negations. A classification of structural types of negative sentences with genitive forms was developed.

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Classification of High-Mountain Vegetation Communities within a Diverse Giant Mountains Ecosystem Using Airborne APEX Hyperspectral Imagery

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs10040570 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Hyperspectral Imagery ◽

High Mountain ◽

Vegetation Communities ◽

Mountain Vegetation

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Classification of montane forest community types in the Cedar River drainage of western Washington, U.S.A.

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x77-031 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 217-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Roger Del Moral ◽

James N. Long

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Forest Community ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Agglomerative Clustering ◽

Lower Elevation ◽

Community Types ◽

Western Washington

Vegetation of the Cedar River watershed, located in the Cascade Mountains of western Washington, was analyzed by an agglomerative clustering method followed by discriminant analysis. Stepwise mutliple discriminant analysis provided a means to reallocate stands and assists in the production of a classification scheme and a key to the vegetation types. Ten types are recognized, six from upper-elevation older-growth stands, and four seral types from lower elevation stands logged since 1900. Each type can be identified in the field with a simple key based on cover percentage. The key provides a means for large-scale vegetation mapping with a limited amount of effort.

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Climatic records and linkage along an altitudinal gradient in the southern slope of Nepal Himalaya

Journal of Nepal Geological Society ◽

10.3126/jngs.v53i0.23804 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Binod Dawadi

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Similar Rate ◽

High Mountain ◽

Climate Data ◽

Southern Slope ◽

Nepal Himalaya ◽

Lower Elevation ◽

Similar Range ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Highly Correlated

To validate the climatic linkages under different topographic conditions, observational climate data at four automated weather stations (AWS) in different elevations, ranging from 130 m asl. to 5050 m asl., on the southern slope of the Nepal Himalayas was examined. the variation of means and distribution of daily, 5-days, 10-days, and monthly average/sum of temperature/ precipitation between the stations in the different elevation was observed. Despite these differences, the temperatures records are consistent in different altitudes, and highly correlated to each other while the precipitation data shows comparatively weaker correlation. The slopes (0.79-1.18) with (R2 >0.64) in the regression models for high Mountain to high Himalaya except in November and 0.56-1.14 (R2 >0.50) for mid-hill and high Mountain except January, December, June indicate the similar rate of fluctuation of temperature between the stations in the respective region. These strong linkages and the similar range of fluctuation of temperature in the different elevation indicate the possibilities of their use of lower elevation temperature data to represent the higher elevation sites for paleoclimatic calibration. However, the associations of precipitation between the stations at the different elevation are not as strong as the temperature due to heterogeneous topographical features and steep altitudinal contrast.

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