scholarly journals An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Cairns ◽  
Michelle L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surface Ornamentation

A history of the description of the 50 valid species of Narella is given, beginning with the first species described in 1860. To help differentiate the various species, a tabular and a polychotomous key are provided. The species in the keys are arranged using nine characters or character sets that are believed to be of value at the species level. New characters or new significance given to previously described characters used in our keys include: 1) the nature of the dorsolateral edge of the basal scale, being ridged or not, 2) the thickness of the body wall scales, and 3) the arrangement of the coenenchymal scales (imbricate or mosaic), their thickness (thin or massive), and their outer surface ornamentation (ridged or not). All characters used in the keys are illustrated.

The Post-embryonic Development of Phaenoserphus viator Hal. (Proctotrypoidea), a Parasite of the Larva of Pterostichus niger (Carabidae), with Notes on the Anatomy of the Larva

Parasitology ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. S. Eastham
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Single Host ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebral Commissures ◽  
Frontal Ganglion

1. The life-history of Phaenoserphus viator is described.Four larval instars are found, endoparasitic in the larvae of Pterostichus niger. At thee nd of the last larval instar the parasites, which may number as many as 45 in a single host, emerge, and while still attached, pupate without spinning a cocoon.Adults may appear in August or September.The effect of the parasite in inhibiting metamorphosis of the host is discussed.2. The first observed larva is atracheate and incompletely segmented at first and is of the polypod type bearing paired prolegs on the body segments.Subsequent instars are apodate.The tracheal system develops progressively in the several instars, but only becomes functional in the final stage.3. The anatomy of the larva is briefly described with the exception of the musculature.Tracheal development is described. Gas only appears in the tracheae after the development of the tracheole cells puts the tracheae into communication with the body wall and other organs.In the circulatory system an important accessory organ is the neural sinus, formed by the enclosure of the ventral nerve cord beneath a connective tissue curtain.The imaginal discs of the hypodermis are briefly described, these being clearly defined in the head, thorax, and posterior abdominal segments.The nervous system consists of a brain, suboesophageal ganglion and 11 ventral ganglia, the most posterior being tripartite. This system is connected with the sympathetic, by nerves passing from the cerebral commissures to a frontal ganglion which lies above the oesophagus and behind the labrum.

The structure and formation of growth-ridges in scleractinian coral skeletons

1972 ◽  
Vol 182 (1068) ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
External Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Coral Skeletons ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Fossil Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Daily Changes

The external surface of the epitheca in modern and fossil corals is marked by tiny ridges lying parallel to the epithecal rim. These ridges have been assumed to be daily growth increments, and have been linked with supposed lunar and seasonal events recorded in the skeleton, to compute aspects of the history of the Earth’s rotation. This communication presents struc­tural and experimental evidence to show that the growth-ridges in the epithecae of modern hermatypic scleractinian corals, particularly Manicina areolata (Linnaeus), are formed as a result of daily changes in the shape of the tissues secreting the epithecae. The changes in shape of the tissues are an integral part of the mechanism by which the body wall of these corals is adjusted in position to accommodate for epithecal growth. This adjustment takes place in concert with a daily cycle of expansion and contraction of the animals. Because the epitheca is formed at the perimeter of the skeleton-secreting layer, its growth involves certain fundamental requirements. The presence of growth-ridges in all coral epi­thecae suggests that all corals meet, or met, these requirements with a similar mechanism to that which operates in the hermatypic species studied. However, the mechanism is not necessarily linked to a daily cycle of expansion and contraction.

scholarly journals Integrative Taxonomy of the Spinous Assassin Bug Genus Sclomina (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) Reveals Three Cryptic Species Based on DNA Barcoding and Morphological Evidence

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Zhenyong Du ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Donghai Li ◽  
Xiaolan Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
History Of

Sclomina Stål, 1861 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) is endemic to China and Vietnam, with only two species, Sclomina erinacea Stål, 1861 and Sclomina guangxiensis Ren, 2001, characterized by spinous body and dentate abdominal connexivum. However, due to variable morphological characteristics, Sclomina erinacea, which is widely distributed in South China, is possibly a complex of cryptic species, and Sclomina guangxiensis was suspected to be an extreme group of the S. erinacea cline. In the present study, we conducted species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of 307 Sclomina specimens collected from 30 sampling localities combined with morphological evidence. The result showed that all samples used in this study were identified as five species: Sclomina guangxiensis is a valid species, and Sclomina erinacea actually includes three cryptic species: Sclomina xingrensis P. Zhao and Cai sp. nov., Sclomina pallens P. Zhao and Cai sp. nov., and Sclomina parva P. Zhao and Cai sp. nov. In this paper, the genus Sclomina is systematically revised, and the morphological characteristics of the five species are compared, described, and photographed in detail. We elucidate the evolutionary history of Sclomina based on results of estimated divergence time. The body shape and coloration (green in nymph and brown in adult) of Sclomina match their environment and mimic the Rubus plants on which they live. The symbiotic relationship between Sclomina and spinous Rubus plants is presented and discussed.

The genus Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (Annelida, Thelepodidae) in Brazil, with a redescription of the holotype of T. setosus (Quatrefages, 1866)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4250 (6) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
ORLEMIR CARRERETTE ◽  
JOÃO MIGUEL DE MATOS NOGUEIRA ◽  
PAT HUTCHINGS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Cosmopolitan Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two New Species

The genus Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 is well known in Brazilian waters, from a species recorded by several authors as T. setosus (Quatrefages, 1866), which is considered to be a cosmopolitan species. However, the type locality of T. setosus is in France, which renders the presence of this species in Brazilian waters rather unlikely. The wide range of distribution of T. setosus is most likely due to misidentifications, especially because the original description of the species is very brief and does not include several characters now relevant at species level. We provide herein a redescription of the holotype of T. setosus and describe two new species from Brazilian material previously identified as belonging to that species. Thelepus megalabiatum n. sp. is characterised by having an expanded lower lip extending ventrally, many branchial filaments, originating from swollen cushions, with wide mid-dorsal gap between filaments within pairs, 26–33 segments with glandular areas, and 44–61+ pairs of notopodia. Thelepus brevitori n. sp. is characterised by having fewer branchial filaments, originating directly from the body wall, about 17 segments highly glandular ventrally, and up to 27 pairs of notopodia. Both new species are compared to the most similar congeners, including T. setosus. 

Description of two new species of Rhadinorhynchus (Acanthocephala, Rhadinorhynchidae) from marine fish in Halong Bay, Vietnam, with a key to species

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Amin ◽  
Richard Heckmann ◽  
Nguyen Ha
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Proboscis Hook ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Gulf Of Tonkin ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Halong Bay ◽  
Posterior Field

AbstractTwo rhadinorhynchid species of acanthocephalans, Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus sp. nov. and Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus sp. nov. are described from the redtail scad, Decapterus kurroides Bleeker, and the trigger fish Balistes sp., respectively. The hosts were collected off Cat Ba Island, Halong Bay, Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam in May, 2009. This brings the total number of species of Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1911 to 38. Specimens of the first species are characterized by having 11–12 proboscis hook rows with 30–31 hooks each, large dorsal and ventral spines in the posterior field of trunk spines, large eggs (100 × 20), and subterminal gonopore in both males and females. It is further characterized by many prominent fragmented nuclei in the body wall. The 1 female of the second species has 18 proboscis hook rows with 24 hooks each, smaller eggs (62 × 17), lateral trunk spines connecting those in the anterior and the posterior fields, and subterminal female gonopore. Notes on the genus Rhadinorhynchus, lists of the invalid and valid species, and a key to species are provided. Raorhynchus Tripathi, 1959 is proposed to be a junior synonym of Rhadinorhynchus pending a revision of the species of Raorhynchus.

scholarly journals Asexual Reproduction in Holothurians

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Yu. Dolmatov
Keyword(s):  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Aspects of asexual reproduction in holothurians are discussed. Holothurians are significant as fishery and aquaculture items and have high commercial value. The last review on holothurian asexual reproduction was published 18 years ago and included only 8 species. An analysis of the available literature shows that asexual reproduction has now been confirmed in 16 holothurian species. Five additional species are also most likely capable of fission. The recent discovery of new fissiparous holothurian species indicates that this reproduction mode is more widespread in Holothuroidea than previously believed. New data about the history of the discovery of asexual reproduction in holothurians, features of fission, and regeneration of anterior and posterior fragments are described here. Asexual reproduction is obviously controlled by the integrated systems of the organism, primarily the nervous system. Special molecular mechanisms appear to determine the location where fission occurs along the anterior-posterior axis of the body. Alteration of the connective tissue strength of the body wall may play an important role during fission of holothurians. The basic mechanism of fission is the interaction of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and enzymes forming cross-link complexes between fibrils of collagen. The population dynamics of fissiparous holothurians are discussed.

scholarly journals A revision of <i>Ophidiaster davidsoni</i> de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne (France) and its transfer from the Valvatacea to the new forcipulatacean genus <i>Psammaster</i> gen. nov.

Fossil Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Marine Fau ◽  
Loïc Villier ◽  
Timothy A. M. Ewin ◽  
Andrew S. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Abstract. Forcipulatacea is one of the three major groups of extant sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata), composed of 400 extant species, but only known from fewer than 25 fossil species. Despite unequivocal members being recognized in the early Jurassic, the evolutionary history of this group is still the subject of debate. Thus, the identification of any new fossil representatives is significant. We here reappraise Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne, France, which was assigned to another major extant group, the Valvatacea, and reassign it within a new forcipulatacean genus, Psammaster gen. nov. Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. possess key Forcipulatacea synapomorphies including compressed ambulacrals and adambulacrals and typical organization of the body wall and arm ossicles. A phylogenetic analysis including Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. does not place it within any existing forcipulatacean family. Instead, Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. exhibits a mix of plesiomorphic and derived characters and is resolved as a sister clade to a large group including the Asteriidae, Stichasteridae, and Heliasteridae. Removal of this species from the Ophidiasteridae means their oldest fossil representative now dates from the Santonian, Upper Cretaceous.

Aspergillus Spondylodiscitis After Spinal Stenosis Surgery: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3 And 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Mohsen Aghapoor ◽  
◽  
Babak Alijani Alijani ◽  
Mahsa Pakseresht-Mogharab ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Death Case ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Background and Importance: Spondylodiscitis is an inflammatory disease of the body of one or more vertebrae and intervertebral disc. The fungal etiology of this disease is rare, particularly in patients without immunodeficiency. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of this disease can lead to complications and even death. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old diabetic female patient, who had a history of spinal surgery and complaining radicular lumbar pain in both lower limbs with a probable diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, underwent partial L2 and complete L3 and L4 corpectomy and fusion. As a result of pathology from tissue biopsy specimen, Aspergillus fungi were observed. There was no evidence of immunodeficiency in the patient. The patient was treated with Itraconazole 100 mg twice a day for two months. Pain, neurological symptom, and laboratory tests improved. Conclusion: The debridement surgery coupled with antifungal drugs can lead to the best therapeutic results.

Re-imagining Reproduction: Unsettling Metaphors in the History of Imperial Science and Commercial Surrogacy in India

Somatechnics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalindi Vora
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Industry

This paper provides an analysis of how cultural notions of the body and kinship conveyed through Western medical technologies and practices in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) bring together India's colonial history and its economic development through outsourcing, globalisation and instrumentalised notions of the reproductive body in transnational commercial surrogacy. Essential to this industry is the concept of the disembodied uterus that has arisen in scientific and medical practice, which allows for the logic of the ‘gestational carrier’ as a functional role in ART practices, and therefore in transnational medical fertility travel to India. Highlighting the instrumentalisation of the uterus as an alienable component of a body and subject – and therefore of women's bodies in surrogacy – helps elucidate some of the material and political stakes that accompany the growth of the fertility travel industry in India, where histories of privilege and difference converge. I conclude that the metaphors we use to structure our understanding of bodies and body parts impact how we imagine appropriate roles for people and their bodies in ways that are still deeply entangled with imperial histories of science, and these histories shape the contemporary disparities found in access to medical and legal protections among participants in transnational surrogacy arrangements.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

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