scholarly journals Distribution of trichodorid species in mainland China with description of Trichodorus hangzhouensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Triplonchida)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 163-189
Author(s):  
Xuqing Li ◽  
Munawar Maria ◽  
Ruihang Cai ◽  
Eda Marie Barsalote ◽  
Vlada Peneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral View ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb

Seven trichodorid species including a new one (Trichodorus hangzhouensissp. nov., T. nanjingensis, T. pakistanensis, T. cedarus, Paratrichodorus porosus, Nanidorus renifer and N. minor) were recovered from the rhizosphere of different hosts in 13 provinces of China. Each of the recovered species was characterized based on morphology and molecular data using rRNA gene sequences. Trichodorus hangzhouensissp. nov. is characterized by its males having medium-sized onchiostyle (46–49 µm) and three ventromedian cervical papillae (CP) anterior to the secretory-excretory (S-E) pore, CP1 located opposite the anterior part of isthmus, S-E pore opposite the isthmus or anterior end of pharyngeal bulb, spicules slightly ventrally curved, relatively small, 33.2 (32.0–34.5) µm long, wider slightly marked capitulum, lamina partially striated without bristles at striation; and females having rounded triangular sclerotized vaginal pieces with tips directed towards vulva, 1.5–2.0 µm sized, at about 1 µm apart, vulva pore-like in ventral view. Phylogenetic analysis based on D2-D3 28S rRNA gene sequences differentiated the new species among Trichodorus species from Europe, Asia and USA which formed a large clade. A review of the distribution of Trichodorus, Nanidorus and Paratrichodorus species revealed that T. cedarus, T. nanjingensis, T. pakistanensis and P. porosus are the most widespread species recorded from different provinces of China. This is the first extensive study of trichodorid species occurring in China.

scholarly journals First Report of Ditylenchus dipsaci on Garlic in Minnesota

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1707-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mollov ◽  
S. A. Subbotin ◽  
Carl Rosen
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci

In the summer of 2011, two independent garlic samples from Morrison and Dakota counties and in 2012 one garlic sample from Carver county in Minnesota were submitted by commercial growers to the University of Minnesota Plant Disease Clinic for disease analyses. Symptoms of the above-ground plant parts were stunting and chlorosis. Symptoms of bulbs were necrosis, underdevelopment, and distortion. Upon microscopic examination, phytonematodes exuded into the surrounding water droplet. Nematodes were present in the protective leaves, abscission zone, and cloves in all submitted bulbs (n = 18) for analyses. Morphometric examination of females, males, and juveniles determined that they were Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes extracted from garlic cloves were fixed in TAF (97 ml formalin [40%], 2 ml triethanolamine, and 91 ml dH2O). Morphological observations and measurements were made under an Olympus BX51 microscope equipped with a Nomarski differential interference contrast. Female (n = 6) measurements were: L = 1.411 to 1.636 mm, a = 38 to 44, b = 5.8 to 8.0, c = 14 to 17, stylet = 11.5 to 12.3 μm, V = 79 to 81%, and tail = 95 to 105 μm. The body was almost straight, when heat relaxed, lip region flattened, median bulb oval, and isthmus elongate and slender. The basal pharyngeal bulb overlapped the intestine. The post-vulval uterine branch was about half of vulva-anus distance. The tail was conoid with a pointed terminus. Male (n = 9) measurements were: L = 1.372 to 1.558 mm, a = 40 to 50, b = 6.5 to 7.0, c = 14 to 16, stylet = 11.5 to 12.3 μm, spicules = 22 to 27 μm, and gubernaculum = 9 to 10 μm. The bursa was leptoderan and spicules were curved with simple gubernaculum. Morphology and morphometrics of females and males of D. dipsaci from Minnesota generally fit the descriptions provided for the type and other populations by Hopper (1) and other authors. Several specimens were also taken for molecular identification. DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing protocols were as described by Subbotin et al. (2). The TW81 and AB28 primers were used for amplification of ITS-rRNA region and the D2A and D3B primers were used for amplification of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene. Comparison of the ITS and D2-D3 of 28 rRNA gene sequences showed 100 and 99% identity with corresponding gene sequences of D. dipsaci published in the GenBank (2). The sequences were submitted in the GenBank under accession numbers JX123258 and X123259. This nematode problem has not been known to occur in either of these locations previously. The most likely source of introduction of D. dipsaci are imported garlic seed bulbs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. dipsaci affecting garlic or any other crops in Minnesota. The garlic produced in these locations was considered unmarketable and complete loss to the farmers. The presence of D. dipsaci could have a significant economic impact in the emerging multi-million dollar garlic industry in Minnesota. References: (1) D. J. Hooper. Ditylenchus dipsaci. CIH Descriptions of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Set 1, No. 14, 1972. (2) S. A. Subbotin et al. Phytopathology 95:1308, 2005.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Tylencholaimellus zeinabadensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimellidae) from Iran, with additional data on five known species of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-612
Author(s):  
Nasir Vazifeh ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Habibeh Jabbari ◽  
Arezoo Naghavi ◽  
Reyes Peña-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Region 10

Summary Six species of the genus Tylencholaimellus, one new and five known, collected in virgin and cultivated soils of East Azarbaijan province, Iran, are studied. Tylencholaimellus zeinabadensis sp. n. is morphologically characterised by its 1.2-1.7 mm long body, lip region 10-13 μm wide and offset by deep and broad constriction, odontostyle 16-20 μm long, stylet 22-30 μm long, neck 186-234 μm long, pharyngeal bulb 30-43 μm long, anterior uterine sac 55-103 μm long or 0.9-1.7 corresponding body diam. long, V = 34-41, tail short and rounded to conoid (20-30 μm, c = 45-83, c′ = 0.5-1.0), spicules 39-50 μm long, and one or two ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Molecular analyses using the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S rRNA gene sequences of the new species confirmed the monophyly of this genus based upon currently available data. A population of T. affinis is described and illustrated, and new data (morphometrics, pictures and distribution) are provided for T. loofi, T. paracinctus, T. polonicus and T. striatus.

Description of a new species of Auriculostoma (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from Characidium heirmostigmata (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from Argentina, using morphological and molecular data

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Montes ◽  
J. Barneche ◽  
Y. Croci ◽  
D. Balcazar ◽  
A. Almirón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Abstract During a parasitological survey of fishes at Iguazu National Park, Argentina, specimens belonging to the allocreadiid genus Auriculostoma were collected from the intestine of Characidium heirmostigmata. The erection of the new species is based on a unique combination of morphological traits as well as on phylogenetic analysis. Auriculostoma guacurarii n. sp. resembles four congeneric species – Auriculostoma diagonale, Auriculostoma platense, Auriculostoma tica and Auriculostoma totonacapanensis – in having smooth and oblique testes, but can be distinguished by a combination of several morphological features, hosts association and geographic distribution. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from both A. diagonale and A. platense by the egg size (bigger in the first and smaller in the last); from A. tica by a shorter body length, the genital pore position and the extension of the caeca; and from A. totonacapanensis by the size of the oral and ventral sucker and the post-testicular space. Additionally, one specimen of Auriculostoma cf. stenopteri from the characid Charax stenopterus (Characiformes) from La Plata River, Argentina, was sampled and the partial 28S rRNA gene was sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. guacurarii n. sp. clustered with A. tica and these two as sister taxa to A. cf. stenopteri. The new species described herein is the tenth species in the genus and the first one parasitizing a member of the family Crenuchidae.

Six new species of Heteropriapulus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from South American fishes with an amended diagnosis to the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALINE ANGELINA ACOSTA ◽  
LIDIANE FRANCESCHINI ◽  
ALINE CRISTINA ZAGO ◽  
TOMÁŠ SCHOLZ ◽  
REINALDO JOSÉ DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
South American ◽  
Unique Shape

Heteropriapulus Kritsky, 2007 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), which originally included only two species from the gills of loricariid catfishes, is reviewed and six newly described species from loricariids in the Paraná River basin in Brazil are added. Diagnosis of the genus is amended and a key to the species identification is provided. Heteropriapulus anchoradiatus n. sp. from Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg) (Hypostominae) differs from its congeners by having a long sclerotized vagina, ventral anchors with short shaft and conspicuous superficial root, and a conspicuous and robust postero-medial process on the dorsal bar; H. bitomus n. sp. from the same fish host differs by the presence of two pairs of sclerotized patches associated with the ventral anchors; H. falxus n. sp. from Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan) (Hypostominae) and Hypostomus ancistroides (Ihering) (Hypostominae) is unique by the shape of the accessory piece composed of two strongly sclerotized subunits; H. microcleithrus n. sp. from P. ambrosettii differs by presenting the smallest length of the dorsal bar and unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece resembling the ‘hammer and sickle’ shape; H. pterygoplichthyi n. sp. from the same host presents unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece of the cirrus, which is represented by ‘two sickles’ jointed by the base; and H. semitortus n. sp. from Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz (Rhinelepinae) can be distinguished by the accessory piece composed of a single straight unit and a cirrus tube with the highest number of spiral rings at the proximal end (2½). First molecular data for this genus (partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene) are provided including the type species H. heterotylus (Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004).  

scholarly journals Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related genera Bitylenchus, Sauertylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hosseinvand ◽  
A. Eskandari ◽  
S. Ganjkhanloo ◽  
R. Ghaderi ◽  
P. Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Tail Tip

Abstract During several nematological surveys in cultivated and natural habitats in Khuzestan and Zanjan provinces of Iran, a new species, Bitylenchus parvulus n. sp., two new records for Iran – namely, Tylenchorhynchus agri and Tylenchorhynchus graciliformis – and a population of Bitylenchus parvus and one of Sauertylenchus maximus were recovered and characterized based upon morphological and molecular approaches. The new species is characterized by lip region with five to seven annuli, stylet 17.7 (17.0–18.5) μm long, sub-cylindrical tail narrowing abruptly near terminus giving a bluntly digitate shape to the tail tip, cuticle near anterior part of vulva wrinkled and post-rectal sac occupies whole of tail cavity. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out using molecular data from D2–D3 expansion segments of large ribosomal subunit (28S rRNA) for all studied species and the partial small ribosomal subunit (18S rRNA) for the new species. The representatives of Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus formed distinct clades from Tylenchorhynchus members, supporting the hypothesis in which Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus could be considered as valid genera, but rejecting the ‘large-genus’ concept for Tylenchorhynchus. Also, Sauertylenchus ibericus was proposed as a junior synonym of S. maximus based on the results from morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, an identification key for all known species included in the three genera Bitylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus and Sauertylenchus is presented herein. The number of transverse annuli on the lip region and presence/absence of post-rectal sac were considered as the main diagnostic characters for classifying the species into seven groups, and other morphological and morphometric characters were subsequently used for distinguishing species in each group.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Heterodera koreana (Vovlas, Lamberti & Choo, 1992) Mundo-Ocampo, Troccoli, Subbotin, Del Cid, Baldwin & Inserra, 2008 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from bamboo in Japan

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Sekimoto ◽  
Taketo Uehara ◽  
Takayuki Mizukubo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

The Korean cyst nematode, Heterodera koreana, was recorded for the first time from Japan and characterised morphologically, morphometrically and molecularly. In total, 41 populations were detected from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of four bamboo species in Japan: 31 populations from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), seven from madake (P. bambusoides), two from henon bamboo (P. nigra var. henonis) and one from fish pole bamboo (P. aurea). The morphology and morphometrics of the Japanese population were in agreement with those of the original description of H. koreana from South Korea and other subsequent descriptions from China and Iran, with the exception of some minor differences. The results of the phylogenetic analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene and ITS rRNA gene sequences confirmed the species identification and phylogenetic relationship of H. koreana with other Heterodera species. The COI mtDNA gene sequences were obtained for the first time for H. koreana. Three COI haplotypes found in Japanese H. koreana populations showed a characteristic geographical distribution in Japan.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Opisthobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) by means of 18s and 28s rRNA gene sequences

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Vonnemann ◽  
Michael Schrödl ◽  
Annette Klussmann-Kolb ◽  
Heike Wägele
Keyword(s):  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
28S Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Species boundaries among extremely diverse and sexually dimorphic Arrenurus water mites (Acariformes: Hydrachnidiae: Arrenuridae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wiecek ◽  
Lukasz Broda ◽  
Heather Proctor ◽  
Miroslawa Dabert ◽  
Bruce P. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Reproductive Morphology ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Arrenurus (Arrenuridae) is the most species-rich genus of mites with about 950 named species that inhabit standing, and to a lesser extent, running water habitats around the world. To date, distinguishing species of Arrenurus has been based on male reproductive morphology. Here, we use morphological and molecular approaches to examine species boundaries among 42 named species of Arrenurus, including four named species that have colour variants (red and green A. americanus, and red and blue A. intermedius, A. manubriator and A. apetiolatus), and two unnamed morphospecies. In this study, we examine male genital structures with the use of SEM techniques, and apply mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (28S rRNA) gene fragments to test whether male morphology reflects species boundaries in Arrenurus assessed by molecular analyses. Our results reveal that male reproductive morphology parallels species boundaries as judged by molecular data. We discuss the cases of genetically poorly diversified, yet morphologically clearly defined named species. Moreover, we show that based on the species we examined, colour morphs within otherwise morphologically similar specimens represent within-species variation and, in the absence of other diagnostic traits, colour itself can be misleading in distinguishing species. Our outcomes on molecular taxonomy of Arrenurus provide a background for testing hypotheses about speciation rate in water mites.

Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Snežana Radenković ◽  
Laura Likov ◽  
Andrijana Andrić ◽  
Marina Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Revision

We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnosesand descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and onespeciesis reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional rangewere supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujić, Šašić Zorić & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.

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