Effect of Non Forage High Fibrous Feedstuffs as Fiber Sources in Total Mixed Ration on Gas Production Characteristics and in vitro Fermentation

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songsak Chumpawade ◽  
Opart Pimpa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Production Characteristics

scholarly journals Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Mónica Gandarillas ◽  
Juan Pablo Keim ◽  
Elisa María Gapp
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Background: Horses are hindgut fermenters, and it is therefore important to determine the postgastric nutritive value of their feedstuffs and diets. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in other animal species that the fermentation of diets results in different values than those expected from pure ingredients. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, as well as the associative effects, of mixtures of different forages and concentrated foods, which are representative of the traditional diets of high-performance horses. Methods: An in vitro gas production experiment was conducted to assess the fermentation of two forages and three concentrates that are typical in horse diets. The combination of 70% of forage and 30% concentrates was also assessed to determine potential associative effects. Results: Concentrates and grains produced higher GP and VFA than forages when evaluated alone. When experimental diets were incubated, GP parameters and VFA concentrations of forage–concentrate mixtures had unexpected differences from the values expected from the fermentation of pure ingredients, suggesting the occurrence of associative effects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a need to evaluate the fermentation of diets, rather than predicting from the values of pure ingredients.

Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation ofBrassicastraw treated with the aerobic fungus,Trametes versicolor

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Ramirez-Bribiesca ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
L. Jin ◽  
T. Canam ◽  
J. R. Town ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Lignin Degradation Products

Ramirez-Bribiesca, J. E., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Canam, T., Town, J. R., Tsang, A., Dumonceaux, T. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of Brassica straw treated with the aerobic fungus, Trametes versicolor . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 695–702. Brassica napus straw (BNS) was either not treated or was treated with two strains of Trametes versicolor; 52J (wild type) or m4D (a cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient mutant) with four treatments: (i) untreated control (C-BNS), (ii) 52J (B-52J), (iii) m4D (B-m4D) or (iv) m4D+glucose (B-m4Dg). Glucose was provided to encourage growth of the mutant strain. All treatments with T. versicolor decreased (P<0.05) neutral-detergent fibre and increased (P<0.05) protein and the concentration of lignin degradation products in straw. Ergosterol was highest (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J, suggesting it generated the most fungal biomass. Insoluble lignin was reduced (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J and B-m4D, but not with B-m4Dg. Mannose and xylose concentration were generally higher (P<0.05) in straw treated with fungi, whereas glucose and galactose were lower as compared with C-BNS. The four treatments above were subsequently assessed in rumen in vitro fermentations, along with BNS treated with 2 mL g−1of 5 N NaOH. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids after 24 and 48h were lower (P<0.05) in incubations that contained BNS treated with T. versicolor as compared with C-BNSor NaOH-treated BNS. Compared with C-BNS, in vitrodry matter disappearance and gas production were increased (P<0.05) by NaOH, but not by treatment with either strain of T. versicolor. Although treatment with T. versicolor did release more lignin degradation products, it did not appear to provide more degradable carbohydrate to in vitro rumen microbial populations, even when a mutant strain with compromised carbohydrate metabolism was utilized. Production of secondary compounds by the aerobic fungi may inhibit rumen microbial fermentation.

332 Effect of Chemical and Biological Preservatives on in vitro Fermentation and Methane Production of Ensiled and Aerobically Exposed Wet Brewer’s Grains

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Marjorie A Killerby ◽  
Diego Zamudio ◽  
Kaycee Ames ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Thomas Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
System Data

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of preservatives on the in vitro fermentation measures of wet brewer’s grain (WBG) silage at different stages of storage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 1% (NaL1) and 2% (NaL2; w/w of fresh WBG), propionic acid (PRP; 0.5% w/w of fresh WBG), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu/fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). WBG (Fresh) were packed into 8.8 L mini-silos and stored for 60 d at 21°C (Ensiled), then they were opened and aerobically exposed for 10d (AES). Samples from each stage of storage (STG; Fresh, Ensiled and AES) were analyzed for in vitro ruminal digestibility (24 h).Gas kinetics were recorded using the Ankom RF Gas Production System. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (5 blocks) with a 5 (TRT) × 3 (STG) factorial arrangement. Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (DMD) decreased across STG, (51.5, 47.2 and 40.9 for Fresh, Ensiled and AES, respectively) and increased for NaL1, NaL2 and PRP (~47.8) vs. CON (43.0 ± 2.12%). PRP increased apparent in vitro OM digestibility (OMD) when Ensiled (54.5) and NaL2 increased it for AES (47.1) vs CON (46.3 and 39.9 ± 1.73%, respectively). The asymptotic maximal (M) and rate (k) of gas production decreased across STG (214.6, 181.5, 155.1 and 14.6, 12.6, and 9.8, for Fresh, Ensiled and AES, respectively). PRP increased (200.0) and NaL1 decreased (169.3) M vs. CON (183.9± 7.81ml/incubated DM g), while NaL1 and NaL2 (~11.4) decreased k vs. CON (13.4 ± 0.85%/h). Methane concentration and yield were higher in Fresh vs. other STG (0.94 vs. ~0.84 ± 0.07mM and 0.27 vs. ~0.23 ± 0.03mmol/g fermented OM). Spoilage of WBG decreases fermentability and methane production while PRP and NaL improve digestibility with the former also increasing M and k.

scholarly journals 85 Evaluation of methane concentration sampling methods of gas produced from in vitro fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Genevieve M D’Souza ◽  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Direct Sampling

Abstract Sampling methods of methane concentration (CH4) of gas produced from in vitro fermentation (IVGP) were evaluated to assess their determination efficacy. The original protocol recommends directly placing fermented bottles on ice (0°C) for 30 minutes to stop fermentation (D). An alternate protocol recommends placing the fermented bottles into the refrigerator (4–6°C) to slow fermentation (S). This experiment evaluated the previous methods against direct sampling of the gas after 48 h of fermentation at 39°C (I). Rumen inoculum was pulled from four rumen cannulated steers and filtered through fiberglass wool. Ground alfalfa was used as the fermentable substrate and total gas production was recorded for 48 h of fermentation. After fermentation, each bottle followed a randomly assigned protocol. The pressure and volume of gas in the bottle were recorded, 12 mL of gas from the headspace was placed into an evacuated exetainer for (CH4) sampling via gas chromatography, and the temperature of the fermented fluid was recorded. Eight bottles from D and eight bottles from S were randomly selected to follow the exetainer protocol, while the remaining bottles had (CH4) directly measured from their headspace. Statistical analysis was completed using a random coefficients model. Methane concentration was higher for I than D (P = 0.0286) and S (P = 0.0070). There was no difference in (CH4) between D and S (P = 0.5286). There was no difference in (CH4) in D exetainers and bottles (P = 0.5744), but there was a difference in (CH4) in S exetainers and bottles (P = 0.0229). Pressure, volume, and temperature were different among all protocols (P ≤ 0.0311). Based upon the data, protocol I provides the best estimate of (CH4). Further research is required to understand the discrepancy of (CH4) among the protocols relative to temperature, pressure, and volume.

A comparison of the in vitro fermentation of four feeds by inocula from bovine rumen digesta and equine caecal digesta, using the pressure transducer technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
R.S. Lowman ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Naked Oats

It is generally believed that ruminants are better able to degrade highly fibrous feeds than equines. To determine if this is due to differences between the microflora of the rumen and the equine hind-gut, oatfeed (OF), naked oats (NO), soya hulls (SH) and unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SB) were incubated with inocula prepared from bovine rumen digesta or equine caecal digesta.OF, NO, SH, and SB were ground to pass through a 1 mm mesh screen and incubated for 72 hours, at 39°C with inocula prepared from either rumen (R) or caecal (C) digesta. Rumen digesta was obtained from three hay-fed, ruminally - fistulated Hereford x Friesian steers, and caecal digesta from three hay-fed, caecally -fistulated, Welsh-cross ponies. Gas production throughout the incubation was measured using the pressure transducer technique (Theodorou et al, 1994). After the incubation, VFA production was measured and residue weights were calculated for each feedstuff.

Effect of non-digestible oligosaccharides in diets for weaner pigs on in vitro fermentation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 30-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G.M. Houdijk ◽  
B.A. Williams ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
M.W.A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) shifted the proportion of propionate (↑) and acetate (↓) compared to transgalactooligosaccharides (TOS) in weaner pigs' ileal digesta, both in vivo and in vitro (Houdijk et al., 1997). This could be related to different fermentation rates between these so-called non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). These rates were studied via the cumulative gas production technique comparing FOS, TOS, and glucose.

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