AUTONOMOUS SAILING VESSELS FOR SHORT SEA SHIPPING

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Short Sea Shipping ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Surface Vessels ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

This project examined the coast of the UK to find a route to test proof of concept vessels to demonstrate the commercial and functional viability of small Windpowered Autonomous Surface Vessels (WASV) for cargo transport. Several suitable areas were identified, and one area, the Firth of Clyde, was investigated more closely. Suggestions were limited to currently active ports and cargos investigated were limited to the minor bulk trades. A pair of suitable ports, Campbeltown and Troon, were identified and a cargo, round wood timber, was found. Over the route identified the costs of using road transport, conventional small coasters and WASV were estimated. It was found that the cost of using the WASV would be comparable with the costs of the conventional alternatives, with the advantage of reduced carbon emissions and potentially less intrusive traffic patterns.

Analysis and Comparison of Road Freight Transport Cost in 20 European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kotsios ◽  
Dimitrios Folinas
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
Cost Categories ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Road transport is one of the most popular and practical means of freight transport in the world today. However, the cost of road freight transport may differ from one country to the next due to variances in a number of cost factors, including fuels, wages, taxation, tolls, insurance, maintenance, tyres, repairs, parking spaces, etc. The goal of this research was to measure and compare the cost of road freight transport in the 20 European countries with the highest recorded volume of tonne-kilometres, in order to draw conclusions about the cost competitiveness of road freight transport among them. Cost competitiveness in the sample was measured by 4 main cost categories: fuels, drivers' wages, tyres, and tolls. The results show large cost variations between countries. The countries found to have the lowest road freight transport cost were Lithuania, Poland and Bulgaria, and those with the highest costs were Norway, Austria, and the UK. The largest differences in costs were met in tolls and other road taxes, followed by drivers' wages, fuels, and finally tyres.

scholarly journals Research on Green Transport Mode of Chinese Bulk Cargo Based on Fourth-Party Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jixiao Wu ◽  
Yinghui Wang ◽  
Wenlu Li ◽  
Haixia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Structure Adjustment ◽  
Fourth Party Logistics ◽  
Integrated Cost

Due to the problems such as the excessive proportion of road transport and extreme carbon emission situation of China’s transport structure adjustment, this paper combines the fourth-party logistics with the bulk cargo green transport. It is advancing the adjustment of China’s bulk cargo transport structure using fourth-party logistics. This paper improves the particle swarm optimization algorithm to compare the integrated cost and carbon emissions of different bulk fourth-party transport networks to verify the benefits of the fourth-party logistics on bulk cargo transport networks’ cost reduction and emission reduction. The results show that using the fourth-party logistics model to promote the transfer of cargoes from road to rail can reduce the integrated cost of the transport network, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve green transport.

scholarly journals Decarbonising road freight: Is truck automation and platooning an opportunity?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Paddeu ◽  
Jozef Denby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
The Uk

AbstractGovernments, industry and academia are paying high attention to autonomous vehicles and platooning, due to their high potential to transform public and private transport and reduce carbon emissions generated by road transport. The road freight sector is expected to be an early adopter of the autonomous technology due to the potential cost reduction for logistics companies. However, despite the expected fuel savings and polluting emission reductions due to truck platooning, actual benefits would strongly depend on the adopted technology and the operational conditions of the system. This paper investigates the potential for truck platooning to reduce carbon emissions from road freight, presenting a series of scenarios that vary by adoption rates, operational models and platoon size. Scenarios were co-designed with freight stakeholders to build a Truck Platooning Roadmap (2025–2050), considering a specific case study: the UK. Polluting emissions and related external costs are calculated across the different scenarios. Results show that there is high uncertainty for the adoption of truck platooning, with a potential first phase involving a small pool of low-automated trucks, and a second phase with a larger pool of high-automated trucks, reflecting higher economic and environmental benefits. A series of other technological and policy considerations are presented to support policymakers to draw a zero-carbon road freight strategy. Graphic abstract

Neither Victors nor Victims

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Whetham
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
High Street ◽  
National Survival ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Realistic Goal

Between 2007 and 2011, Wootton Bassett, a small Wiltshire town in the UK, became the focus of national attention as its residents responded to the regular repatriations of dead soldiers through its High Street. The town’s response came to symbolize the way that broader attitudes developed and changed over that period. As such, it is a fascinating case study in civil–military relations in the twenty-first century. Success may be the same as victory, but victory, at least as it has been traditionally understood, is not a realistic goal in many types of contemporary conflict. Discretionary wars—conflicts in which national survival is not an issue and even vital national interests may not be at stake—pose particular challenges for any government which does not explain why the cost being paid in blood and treasure is ‘worth it’.

scholarly journals Sensuator: A Hybrid Sensor–Actuator Approach to Soft Robotic Proprioception Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Pornthep Preechayasomboon ◽  
Eric Rombokas
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
State Estimator ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Soft Actuator ◽  
The Cost

Soft robotic actuators are now being used in practical applications; however, they are often limited to open-loop control that relies on the inherent compliance of the actuator. Achieving human-like manipulation and grasping with soft robotic actuators requires at least some form of sensing, which often comes at the cost of complex fabrication and purposefully built sensor structures. In this paper, we utilize the actuating fluid itself as a sensing medium to achieve high-fidelity proprioception in a soft actuator. As our sensors are somewhat unstructured, their readings are difficult to interpret using linear models. We therefore present a proof of concept of a method for deriving the pose of the soft actuator using recurrent neural networks. We present the experimental setup and our learned state estimator to show that our method is viable for achieving proprioception and is also robust to common sensor failures.

Static grid carbon factors – Can we do better?

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442199196
Author(s):  
Jamie Risner ◽  
Anna Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Building Regulations ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The average carbon intensity (gCO2e/kWh) of electricity provided by the UK National Grid is decreasing and becoming more time variable. This paper reviews the impact on energy calculations of using various levels of data resolution (half hourly, daily, monthly and annual) and of moving to region specific data. This analysis is in two parts, one focused on the potential impact on Part L assessments and the other on reported carbon emissions for existing buildings. Analysis demonstrated that an increase in calculated emissions of up to 12% is possible when using an emissions calculation methodology employing higher resolution grid carbon intensity data. Regional analysis indicated an even larger calculation discrepancy, with some regions annual emissions increasing by a factor of ten as compared to other regions. This paper proposes a path forward for the industry to improve the accuracy of analysis by using better data sources. The proposed change in calculation methodology is analogous to moving from using an annual average external temperature to using a CIBSE weather profile for a specific city or using a future weather file. Practical application: This paper aims to quantify the inaccuracy of a calculation methodology in common use in the industry and key to building regulations (specifically Building Regulations Part L – Conservation of Fuel and Power) – translating electricity consumption into carbon emissions. It proposes an alternative methodology which improves the accuracy of the calculation based on improved data inputs.

scholarly journals Harnessing Wind Energy Potential in ASEAN: Modelling and Policy Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Youngho Chang ◽  
Phoumin Han
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wind Generation ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Electricity Trade ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Business As Usual

This study examines whether and how harnessing more wind energy can decrease the cost of meeting the demand for electricity and amount of carbon emissions in the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, using the ASEAN integrated electricity trade model. Three scenarios are considered: a counterfactual business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, which assumes no wind energy is used; an actual BAU scenario that uses the wind-generation capacity in 2018; and a REmap scenario, which employs the wind-generation capacity from the Renewable Energy Outlook for ASEAN. Simulation results suggest that dispatching more wind energy decreases the cost of meeting the demand for electricity and amount of carbon emissions. However, these emissions increase during the late years of the study period, as the no- or low-emitting energy-generation technologies are crowded out.

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