scholarly journals "I'm Buffy, and you're history": Putting fan studies into history

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Reagin ◽  
Anne Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Fan Studies ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work Done

This essay kicks off the special historical issue of Transformative Works and Cultures by offering an overview of the ways in which fan communities have been studied by academic historians, and how fan studies has written the history of fan communities. The essay discusses historical work done by amateur fan historians throughout the 20th century; what academic historians can offer fan communities; why academic historians could benefit from studying fandoms as part of the history of popular culture; and what fan studies as a discipline might gain from a broader historical analysis of fandoms.

scholarly journals The authority of the ecumenical patriarch in the Orthodox Church: A historico-canonical analysis

2010 ◽  
pp. 301-322
Author(s):  
Vasilije Vranic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

During the 20th century, the exact role and the scope of jurisdictional authority of the Ecumenical Patriarch was an object of attention of both theologians and historians. The problem of defining the Patriarch was reactualized through the intensification of conciliar negotiations of Orthodox Churches. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the pretensions of the Ecumenical Patriarch for universal jurisdiction over the entire Orthodox Diaspora, and the pretensions for the right of final arbitration in the ecclesial matters of the entire Orthodox communion, do not have a support in the Orthodox Ecclesiology. This will be argued in a historical analysis of the relevant prescriptions of the Eastern Orthodox Canon Law, which will be placed into the context of the history of the Christian Church, primarily of the Patristic period, since there disciplines play a vital role in the Orthodox understanding of Ecclesiological Tradition.

scholarly journals Looking for Black Religions in 20th Century Comics, 1931–1993

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Yvonne Chireau
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Black Religion ◽  
American Christianity ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race And Religion

Relationships between religion and comics are generally unexplored in the academic literature. This article provides a brief history of Black religions in comic books, cartoons, animation, and newspaper strips, looking at African American Christianity, Islam, Africana (African diaspora) religions, and folk traditions such as Hoodoo and Conjure in the 20th century. Even though the treatment of Black religions in the comics was informed by stereotypical depictions of race and religion in United States (US) popular culture, African American comics creators contested these by offering alternatives in their treatment of Black religion themes.

scholarly journals Archaeology of the term “kształcenie”. On the history of the 20th century Polish systematic educational science

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Dariusz Stępkowski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Educational Science ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Method

The aim of the article is to analyse the meaning and use of the term “kształcenie” in the concepts of systematic pedagogy in 20th-century Poland. The study involved M. Foucault’s archaeological method and systematic problem-historical analysis. As a result, it was found that in the indicated period a change in the disciplinary assignment of the term “kształcenie” from systematic pedagogy to didactics occurred, which was accompanied by a shift in meaning towards the instrumentally perceived modelling of personality through school teaching. Identification and revision of this fact opens the possibility to reintroduce the term and concept of “kształcenie” to systematic Polish pedagogy as one of its two basic categories, next to “wychowanie” (upbringing).

scholarly journals Whose Canon? Culturalization versus Democratization

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Erling Bjurström
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Canon Formation ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Representational Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Current accounts – and particularly the critique – of canon formation are primarily based on some form of identity politics. In the 20th century a representational model of social identities replaced cultivation as the primary means to democratize the canons of the fine arts. In a parallel development, the discourse on canons has shifted its focus from processes of inclusion to those of exclusion. This shift corresponds, on the one hand, to the construction of so-called alternative canons or counter-canons, and, on the other hand, to attempts to restore the authority of canons considered to be in a state of crisis or decaying. Regardless of the democratic stance of these efforts, the construction of alternatives or the reestablishment of decaying canons does not seem to achieve their aims, since they break with the explicit and implicit rules of canon formation. Politically motivated attempts to revise or restore a specific canon make the workings of canon formation too visible, transparent and calculated, thereby breaking the spell of its imaginary character. Retracing the history of the canonization of the fine arts reveals that it was originally tied to the disembedding of artists and artworks from social and worldly affairs, whereas debates about canons of the fine arts since the end of the 20th century are heavily dependent on their social, cultural and historical reembedding. The latter has the character of disenchantment, but has also fettered the canon debate in notions of “our” versus “their” culture. However, by emphasizing the dedifferentiation of contemporary processes of culturalization, the advancing canonization of popular culture seems to be able to break with identity politics that foster notions of “our” culture in the present thinking on canons, and push it in a more transgressive, syncretic or hybrid direction.

The History of Reading in Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Buckridge
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
World War ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
History Of

A history of reading in Australia needs to go beyond the question of what Australians have read in the course of their history (though this question in itself is important) to tackle the more elusive question of how they have read. This question implies a recognition that reading is not a single, uniform activity but a congeries of “literate techniques” that are spread unevenly across the reading population at any given moment, and that are themselves subject to evolution and change as new cultural, political, and educational pressures exert their influence on how people read. The multiplicity and heterogeneity of reading practices are especially evident in the first half of the 20th century, particularly between World War I and World War II when reading itself came to be problematized as never before by the rise of advertising, cinema, popular culture, and political propaganda. It is important too to consider the ways in which reading as an institution in its own right, something above and beyond both the texts being read and the activity of reading them, has developed historically. Here the question is not so much what people have read, or how, but why. What values—positive and negative—have been attributed to reading, by whom, and in association with what social ideals, purposes, and anxieties? Also relevant here is the changing place of reading in Australian society more broadly. In particular, its changing relationship with writing as a valued component of Australian culture is of interest.

History of Evolutionary Thought Since 1930

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Millstein ◽  
Michael Dietrich ◽  
Robert A. Skipper
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
Evolutionary Thought ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practice Of Science ◽  
Classic Papers

Evolutionary biology underwent several significant transformations in the period after 1930. While mid-century was dominated by the evolutionary synthesis and the professionalization of evolutionary biology, the second half of the 20th century saw evolutionary research diversifying and the domain of evolutionary phenomena expanded, especially in response to the rise of molecular biology. While what happened in 1950 may seem ancient to a contemporary evolutionary biologist, to a historian of biology the last half of the 20th century is recent history. Where the literature on Darwin could fill a bibliography by itself, the history of modern evolutionary biology is neither as extensive nor as comprehensive. Some topics such as the evolutionary synthesis and molecular evolution have a rich historical literature. Others such as cultural evolution or quantitative genetics still await further historical analysis: not because they are undeserving, but because they are just now becoming ripe for historical investigation. For the purposes of this article, we selected significant pieces of historical and some philosophical scholarship that address major developments in the history of evolutionary biology. We did not select so-called classic papers by evolutionary biologists or review papers written by biologists. Instead our focus was on evolutionary biology as it has been contextualized and discussed by historians who have often been seeking to address a range of non-biological issues regarding the nature and practice of science, and how different aspects of evolutionary biology reflect the time and place of their development.

On some antecedents of behavioural economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512110009
Author(s):  
Kristian Bondo Hansen ◽  
Thomas Presskorn-Thygesen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Thinking

Since its inception in the late 1970s, behavioural economics has gone from being an outlier to a widely recognized yet still contested subset of the economic sciences. One of the basic arguments in behavioural economics is that a more realistic psychology ought to inform economic theories. While the history of behavioural economics is often portrayed and articulated as spanning no more than a few decades, the practice of utilizing ideas from psychology to rethink theories of economics is over a century old. In the first three decades of the 20th century, several mostly American economists made efforts to refine fundamental economic assumptions by introducing ideas from psychology into economic thinking. In an echo of contemporary discussions in behavioural economics, the ambition of these psychology-keen economists was to strengthen the empirical accuracy of the fundamental assumptions of economic theory. In this article, we trace, examine, and discuss arguments for and against complementing economic theorizing with insights from psychology, as found in economic literature published between 1900 and 1930. The historical analysis sheds light on issues and challenges associated with the endeavour to improve one discipline’s theories by introducing ideas from another, and we argue that these are issues and challenges that behavioural economists continue to face today.

On the History of the Automobile in Everyday Life

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Rudy Koshar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
British Society ◽  
History Of

Alexander von Vegasack and Mateo Kries, eds., Automobility – Was uns bewegt (Weil am Rhein: Vitra Design Museum, 1999), exhibition catalogue, Vitra Design Museum, 551 pp., ISBN 3-931-936-17-1. Paride Rugafiori, ed., La capitale dell'automobile: Imprendatori, cultura e società a Torino (Venice: Marsilio, 1999), 262 pp., Lire 35,000. ISBN 8-831-77194-9. Ulrich Kubisch, Das Automobil als Lesestoff: Zur Geschichte der deutschen Motorpresse, 1898–1998 (Berlin: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 1998), 80 pp., ISBN 3-895-00072-8. David Thoms, Len Holden, and Tim Claydon, eds., The Motor Car and Popular Culture in the 20th Century (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), 307 pp., ISBN 1-859-28461-2. Sean O'Connell, The Car in British Society: Class, Gender and Motoring, 1896–1939 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1998), 240 pp., ISBN 0-71-905506-7

Fans of Q: The Stakes of QAnon’s Functioning as Political Fandom

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110422
Author(s):  
CarrieLynn D. Reinhard ◽  
David Stanley ◽  
Linda Howell
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
Fan Studies ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
Cartoon Characters

Affective activation, and the community engagement it fosters, is the driving mechanism of all fandoms, irrespective of the specific “objects of affection” around which they coalesce. These centralized objects of affection may hail from popular culture, such as in the form of sports teams, television shows, cartoon characters, or musicians. As fan scholars have increasingly recognized, fandoms can also emerge around profit-driven brands, specific politicians, and social movements. Much has been said regarding the dangers of the online conspiracy theory QAnon. However, these warnings have tended to overemphasize the rapidly evolving, amorphous beliefs of its adherents, rather than recognize the affective activation propelling the movement. Through its analysis of affect-driven communities, the field of fan studies can be productively applied to investigate the online discursive activities of QAnon community members. Framing QAnon as a fandom elucidates the functions through which the conspiracy theory radicalizes “normies” by exploiting the types of fan activities already well-established in mainstream fan communities. Underscoring the transferability of fan studies concepts to political movements and communities, this exploration outlines the societal stakes of QAnon’s manipulation and normalization of the toxic emotions cohering its adherents into a fanatic community.

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