scholarly journals Characterization of mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Tulasnella (Tulasnellaceae, Basidiomycota) in the genus of orchids Bletia from Barranca del Cupatitzio Natural Reserve, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 075
Author(s):  
María De los Ángeles Beltrán-Nambo ◽  
Juan Carlos Montero-Castro ◽  
Miguel Martínez-Trujillo ◽  
Rafael Salgado-Garciglia ◽  
J. T. Otero-Ospina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Single Locality

The goal of this study was the identification of mycorrhizal fungi associated with three terrestrial orchids of the genus Bletia Ruiz & Pav.: B. roezlii Rchb. f., B. purpurata A.Rich., and B. punctata Lex., in Barranca del Cupatitzio Natural Reserve - Michoacán, México - . Thirty-nine strains were isolated and morphologically characterized. Nine strains were selected from the molecular analysis. Bletia punctata, an endemic species of Mexico, showed the lowest variability in mycorrhizal fungi. Morphological analysis showed that 39 isolated strains belong to the ‘Rhizoctonia-like fungal complex’. According with the tree of Euclidian distances generated by the analysis WARD, all isolates were included into four subgroups, all related to the genus Tulasnella J.Schröt - which belongs to the ‘Rhizoctonia-like fungal complex’?. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the nine selected strains corroborated the results of the morphological study: the sequences obtained were clustered in four subclades related to species of Tulasnella. Our results indicate that a single species of Bletia from a single locality can be associated with different species of mycorrhizal fungi, at least during the adult stage and that the combination of morphological and molecular analyses is a good tool to identify orchid mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Harvesting mycorrhizal fungi: does it put Caladenia plants in peril?

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Wright ◽  
Rob Cross ◽  
Roger Cousens ◽  
Cassandra McLean
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Slice Method ◽  
Whole Plants

The ‘slice’ method for harvesting mycorrhizal fungi from terrestrial orchids has been suggested for use with endangered species (Dixon 2004, Stewart 2004). It involves uncovering the mycotrophic region (containing mycorrhizal infection) of a plant and removing a slice of tissue for fungal isolation. This method is less destructive than removing whole mycotrophic parts or whole plants, which are the most common published methods of harvesting orchid mycorrhizal fungi.  

Microscopic characterization of orchid mycorrhizal fungi: Scleroderma as a putative novel orchid mycorrhizal fungus of Vanilla in different crop systems

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. del Carmen A. González-Chávez ◽  
Terry J Torres-Cruz ◽  
Samantha Albarrán Sánchez ◽  
Rogelio Carrillo-González ◽  
Luis Manuel Carrillo-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi

scholarly journals Identification of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated from Five Species of Terrestrial Orchids in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Young Youm ◽  
Han-Kyeol Han ◽  
Jae-Min Chung ◽  
Yong-Chan Cho ◽  
Byung-Chun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi

scholarly journals Incidence and characterisation of Bacillus cereus bacteriophages from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean product

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Wallapat Phongtang ◽  
Ekachai Chukeatirote
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Bacillus cereus is considered to be an important food poisoning agent causing diarrhea and vomiting. In this study, the occurrence of B. cereus bacteriophages in Thai fermented soybean products (Thua Nao) was studied using five B. cereus sensu lato indicator strains (four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain). In a total of 26 Thua Nao samples, there were only two bacteriophages namely BaceFT01 and BaceCM02 exhibiting lytic activity against B. cereus. Morphological analysis revealed that these two bacteriophages belonged to the Myoviridae. Both phages were specific to B. cereus and not able to lyse other tested bacteria including B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. The two phages were able to survive in a pH range between 5 and 12. However, both phages were inactive either by treatment of 50°C for 2 h or exposure of UV for 2 h. It should be noted that both phages were chloroform-insensitive, however. This is the first report describing the presence of bacteriophages in Thua Nao products. The characterization of these two phages is expected to be useful in the food industry for an alternative strategy including the potential use of the phages as a biocontrol candidate against foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals A Review of the Studies and Interactions ofPseudomonas syringaePathovars on Wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Valencia-Botín ◽  
María E. Cisneros-López
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Genomic Evolution ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Source Sink

Wheat is affected by some pathovars ofPseudomonas syringaeand by otherPseudomonasspecies. Of these,P. syringaepv.syringaeis the major one responsible for reduction. Recent studies have been made to characterize and identify the pathogen and to determine its aggressiveness and the pattern of colonization in seed and its effects on seed yield, yield components, and source-sink relationships during postanthesis. It was found that the reduction in the aerial biomass production is the best way to evaluate the aggressiveness of this bacterium, and the spray inoculation is good tool to make evaluations at seedling stage. The characterization of bacteria fingerprintings with molecular markers such as RAPD-PCR, ERIC, and REP-PCR is available. Genomic evolution has been elucidated with next-generation genome sequencing. Also, the colonization pattern shows that, early on, microcolonies are frequently detected in the aleurone layer, later in the endosperm and finally close to the crease and even in some cells of the embryo itself. In the wheat cultivars Seri M82 and Rebeca F2000 seed yield and its components are negatively affected. In general,P. syringaepv.syringaereduces the plant height, seed yield, and yield components, as well as the growth of most organs. When this bacterium attacks, the stems are the predominant sink organs and the leaf laminae and panicles are the predominant source organs.

Growth mechanism and characterization of ZnO nano-tubes synthesized using the hydrothermal-etching method

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chuan-Sheng Liu ◽  
Yun-Ling Zou
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Room Temperature Photoluminescence ◽  
Etching Method ◽  
Nano Rods ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractZnO nano-tubes (ZNTs) have been successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal-etching method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and room temperature photoluminescence measurement. The as-synthesized ZNTs have a diameter of 500 nm, wall thickness of 20–30 nm, and length of 5 µm. Intensity of the plane (0002) diffraction peak, compared with that of plane (10$$ \bar 1 $$0) of ZNTs, is obviously lower than that of ZnO nano-rods. This phenomenon can be caused by the smaller cross section of plane (0002) of the nano-tubes compared with that of other morphologies. On basis of the morphological analysis, the formation process of nano-tubes can be proposed in two stages: hydrothermal growth and reaction etching process.

scholarly journals A taxonomic review of pterotracheoid gastropod mollusks from California Current waters off the west coast of North America

Zoosymposia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
ROGER R. SEAPY
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
California Current ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Gastropod Mollusks ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization

Taxonomic characterization of pterotracheoid gastropods, morphological characteristics and occurrence in California Current waters are reviewed. Single species of atlantid (Atlanta californiensis) and carinariid (Carinaria japonica) from these waters are described and illustrated.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of Wild Grapevine Populations (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) Grown Along the Danube River

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen F. POPESCU ◽  
Liviu C. DEJEU ◽  
Rafael R. OCETE
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
The Moment

The individuals belonging to three different groups of wild grapevines populations Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi harvested along, or near the Danube River, were described by means of usual ampelographic methods. The twenty standardized descriptors used for morphological analysis revealed obvious differentiation among analyzed populations. Out of 65 individuals, a half produced flowers with separate sex and a high proportion of them were males (70%). Pollen measurements on light microscope provided information on differences in pollen size among inside wild grapevine populations of V. sylvestris with the polar length varying between 15.3 and 23 μm and the equatorial length between 15.5 and 24.4μm. The in vitro regenerative potential from meristematic tissue tested with each phenotype showed that the moment of differentiation, the aspect of proliferative structures and the rate of multiplication varied inside these wild grapevine populations, without any correlation with the location of harvesting. Our results provided valuable information about these Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris populations, possible to be used as starting plant material for research in general and further breeding of cultivars and grapevine rootstocks.

scholarly journals Orchid Reintroduction Based on Seed Germination-Promoting Mycorrhizal Fungi Derived From Protocorms or Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ke Zhao ◽  
Marc-André Selosse ◽  
Limin Wu ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Shi-Cheng Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ecological Specificity

Orchids are among the most endangered in the plant kingdom. Lack of endosperm in their seeds renders orchids to depend on nutrients provided by orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) for seed germination and seedling formation in the wild. OMF that parasitize in germination seeds is an essential element for orchid seedling formation, which can also help orchid reintroduction. Considering the limitations of the previous orchid reintroduction technology based on seed germination-promoting OMF (sgOMF) sourced from orchid roots, an innovative approach is proposed here in which orchid seeds are directly co-sown with sgOMF carrying ecological specificity from protocorms/seedlings. Based on this principle, an integrative and practical procedure concerning related ecological factors is further raised for re-constructing long-term and self-sustained orchid populations. We believe that this new approach will benefit the reintroduction of endangered orchids in nature.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viva Rini ◽  
Fitri Yelli ◽  
Darwin Leonardo Tambunan ◽  
Inggar Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Morphological Studies

Abstract. Rini MV, Yelli F, Tambunan DL, Damayanti I. 2021. Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4940-4947. Molecular analysis has been widely used to provide more accurate identification within arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species than identification based on morphology. However, morphological analysis is essential for a basic preliminary of classification studies. Therefore, a study is needed to complete the identification of AMF isolates through morphological and molecular analyses. This research used three AMF isolates, namely MV 5, MV 17, and MV 18, which were isolated from Indonesian agricultural land. Spore-based taxonomy (shape, size, color, ornamentation, PVLG, and Melzer’s reaction) and fungal colonization on roots of maize trap plants were employed for the morphological studies. AMF species identification was performed using molecular analysis through nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of SSU rRNA followed by sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. Morphological analysis showed that MV 5 had spores borne from the neck of the sporiferous saccule, MV 17 was found to have a bulbous suspensor without a germination shield, and MV 18 had spores borne from subtending hyphae. The SSUR rRNA analysis revealed that MV 5, MV 15, and MV 18 were identified as Acaulospora longula, Gigaspora margarita, and Glomus etunicatum, respectively. Both morphological and molecular methods demonstrated reliable and consistent results that complement AMF taxonomy studies.

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