scholarly journals Influence of sawdust particle size on fired clay brick properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (338) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thalmaier ◽  
N. Cobîrzan ◽  
A. A. Balog ◽  
H. Constantinescu ◽  
M. Streza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Photopyroelectric Calorimetry

This study investigates the effect of adding different size fractions of the same pore forming agent (sawdust) on the material’s compressive strength and heat transfer. The samples were dry pressed and fired at high temperature inside an oven. Phase transformations were evidenced by a combination of differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry (DTA-TGA-MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, in the temperature range of 24-900 ºC. Image analysis (IA) and compression tests were performed to explain the mechanical behaviour of the samples. The thermal conductivity was obtained by using combined photopyroelectric calorimetry (PPE) and lock-in thermography (LIT) techniques. The pressing direction has an impact on the distribution of pores and the heat transfer by conduction.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer using Nanofluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3205-3211
Author(s):  
Jodh Singh ◽  
◽  
Munish Gupta ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Harmesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Size Of Particles

Latest trend of miniaturization of thermal systems, calls for the improvement in their efficiency. Nanofluid contains the nanoparticles having large surface area and improves the thermal efficiency. This enhancement is the function of different mechanisms and parameter. This paper explores the heat transfer nature of nanofluids by addressing the experimental studies available in literature and conducting an experimental study using water based Copper oxide nanofluids. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy to confirm the material, size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Thermal conductivity analysis has been performed at 30˚C, 40˚Cand 50˚C with 0.1%,0.5% and 1% concentration by weight. Mechanism of agglomeration, concentration and size of particles are found to be more significant in affecting the heat transfer. The maximum enhancement of 22.9 % in thermal conductivity is found in case of 1% weight concentration nanofluids consisting of small size (20nm) nanoparticles at temperature of 50˚C.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer using Nanofluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3205-3211
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Size Of Particles

Latest trend of miniaturization of thermal systems, calls for the improvement in their efficiency. Nanofluid contains the nanoparticles having large surface area and improves the thermal efficiency. This enhancement is the function of different mechanisms and parameter. This paper explores the heat transfer nature of nanofluids by addressing the experimental studies available in literature and conducting an experimental study using water based Copper oxide nanofluids. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy to confirm the material, size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Thermal conductivity analysis has been performed at 30˚C, 40˚Cand 50˚C with 0.1%,0.5% and 1% concentration by weight. Mechanism of agglomeration, concentration and size of particles are found to be more significant in affecting the heat transfer. The maximum enhancement of 22.9 % in thermal conductivity is found in case of 1% weight concentration nanofluids consisting of small size (20nm) nanoparticles at temperature of 50˚C.

Electron Microscopy of Shock Loaded Polycrystalline Beryllium

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Galbraith ◽  
L. E. Murr ◽  
A. L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Uniaxial compression tests and hydrostatic tests at pressures up to 27 kbars have been performed to determine operating slip systems in single crystal and polycrystal1ine beryllium. A recent study has been made of wave propagation in single crystal beryllium by shock loading to selectively activate various slip systems, and this has been followed by a study of wave propagation and spallation in textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. An alteration in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been noted after shock loading, but this alteration has not yet been correlated with any structural change occurring during shock loading of polycrystal1ine beryllium.This study is being conducted in an effort to characterize the effects of shock loading on textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. Samples were fabricated from a billet of Kawecki-Berylco hot pressed HP-10 beryllium.

scholarly journals Exploring the Structural Chemistry of Pyrophosphoramides: N,N′,N″,N‴-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide

Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-163
Author(s):  
Duncan Micallef ◽  
Liana Vella-Zarb ◽  
Ulrich Baisch
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

N,N′,N″,N‴-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide 1 is a pyrophosphoramide with documented butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, a property shared with the more widely studied octamethylphosphoramide (Schradan). Unlike Schradan, 1 is a solid at room temperature making it one of a few known pyrophosphoramide solids. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with that of other previously described solid pyrophosphoramides. The pyrophosphoramide discussed in this study was synthesised by reacting iso-propyl amine with pyrophosphoryl tetrachloride under anhydrous conditions. A unique supramolecular motif was observed when compared with previously published pyrophosphoramide structures having two different intermolecular hydrogen bonding synthons. Furthermore, the potential of a wider variety of supramolecular structures in which similar pyrophosphoramides can crystallise was recognised. Proton (1H) and Phosphorus 31 (31P) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS) were carried out to complete the analysis of the compound.

Structure and dynamics of 1,4-dioxane-water binary solutions studied by X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and NMR relaxation

1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Takamuku ◽  
Atsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
Masaaki Tabata ◽  
Nobuyuki Nishi ◽  
Koji Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nmr Relaxation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Binary Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Dynamics

The Evaluation of TiTe2 as a Diffusion Barrier in the Formation of Low Thermal Conductivity Nanolaminates with Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Clay Mortensen ◽  
Paul Zschack ◽  
David C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Precursor ◽  
X Ray

The evolution of designed [(Ti-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y, [(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y, [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y and [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Ti-Te)]y[(Sb-Te)]z precursors were followed as a function of annealing temperature and time using both low and high angle x-ray diffraction techniques to probe the self assembly into nanolaminate materials. The [(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y precursors were found to interdiffuse at low temperatures to form a (BixSb1-x)2Te3 alloy. The [(Ti-Te)]x[(Bi-Te)]y and [(Ti-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y precursors formed ordered nanolaminates [{(TiTe2)}1.35]x[Bi2Te3]y and [{(TiTe2)}1.35]x[Sb2Te3]y respectively. The [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]x precursors formed [{(TiTe2)}1.35]w[(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3]2x nanolaminates on annealing, as the bismuth and antimony layers interdiffused. Over the range of TiTe2 thicknesses used in [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Ti-Te)]y[(Sb-Te)]z precursors, Bi and Sb were found to interdiffuse through the 2-4 nm thick Ti-Te layers, resulting in the formation of (BixSb1-x)2Te3 alloy layers as part of the final nanolaminated products. When the Bi-Te and Sb-Te thicknesses were equal in the amorphous precursors, symmetric [{(TiTe2)}1.35]m[(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3]n nanolamiantes were formed. When the thicknesses of Bi-Te and Sb-Te layers were not equal in the amorphous precursor, asymmetric [(TiTe2)1.35]m[(BixSb1-x)2Te3]n[(TiTe2)1.35]m[(BixSb1-x)2Te3]p nanolaminates were formed. These results imply that to form (A)w(B)x(C)y nanolaminates using designed layered precursors all three components must be immiscible. To form (A)x(B)y(A)x(C)z nanolaminates, the components must be immiscible or the precursor to the A component and the A component itself must be an effective interdiffusion barrier preventing B and C from mixing.

One Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Graphene Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Xia ◽  
Zong Hua Wang ◽  
Yan Zhi Xia ◽  
Fei Fei Zhang ◽  
Fu Qiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Techniques

Zirconia-graphene composite (ZrO2-G) has been successfully synthesized via decomposition of ZrOCl2•6H2O in a water-isopropanol system with dispersed graphene oxide (GO) utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Zr4+ and the deoxygenation of GO at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was found that graphene were fully coated with ZrO2, and the ZrO2 existing in tetragonal phase, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional composite.

Residual Stresses Assessment in Coated Materials: Complementarity between Neutron and X-Ray Techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rogante ◽  
Pavol Mikula ◽  
Miroslav Vrána
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coated Materials ◽  
Coating Delamination ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
Xrd Techniques

The residual stress (RS) status induced in the substrate of coated materials by the coating process plays frequently a major role in lending the component’s characteristics. RS assessment can give, thus, a substantial contribution in justifying different cases of failure or else bad performance of coated components due to e.g. the coating delamination or to other occurrences which are not simply interpretable via the conventional mechanical tests or microstructure analyses. The adoption of both neutron diffraction (ND) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques has revealed its usefulness in assessing the RS values in proximity of the coating interface area, respectively, without any layer removal or hole drilling at the extreme surface. In this paper, some real cases of RS determination in coated materials by using these techniques and exploiting their complementarity are described. ND, in particular, is very suitable for crucial applications, where a much different stress situation than that assessed by XRD could be present at some depth below the surface. The results achieved can yield trends adoptable in monitoring of the coating features.

Commensurate and Incommensurate Phases at Reconstructed (In,Ga)As(001) Surfaces: X-Ray Diffraction Evidence for a Composition Lock-in

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 3485-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sauvage-Simkin ◽  
Y. Garreau ◽  
R. Pinchaux ◽  
M. B. Véron ◽  
J. P. Landesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Incommensurate Phases

Develop artificial neural network numerical modeling to study fluid flow and heat transfer of dispersed nanoparticles through base liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfeeq Abdullah Alkanhal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Heat Transfers ◽  
Base Liquid

Purpose This paper aims to disperse the silicon dioxide in water (as the mono nanofluid [MN]) and then, carbon nanotube (CNT)-silica composite in water (as the hybrid nanofluid [HN]). Design/methodology/approach Nanofluids have gained lots of attention through the recent years. Due to their usage in the industries and also medical applications, they have high protentional to be studied in different aspects. The most common study for the nanofluids is to understand the heat transfer capacity for each material in each fluid. These material(s) or fluid(s) can be one (mono nanofluid) or more than one (hybrid nanofluid). Findings The mixture of two solids is to assess the unique properties of each material and also to decrease the cost of experiments. The heat transfers for both MN and HN were measured at volume fractions up to 1.0%, and temperatures up to 50°C. Also, the heat transfers were compared. By more CNT, thermal conductivity was enhanced about 17.39% (from 12.42% of MN to 29.81% of HN). Originality/value X-Ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were examined for mono solids and the composite. After the experimental study, for MN and HN, four novel correlations calculated.

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