scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Unicast Routing Protocols in MANETs – Current State and Future Prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alnabhan ◽  
Mahmoud Alshuqran ◽  
Mustafa Hammad ◽  
Mohammad Al Nawayseh
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Basic Operation ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are considered as a reunion of wireless mobile devices (nodes) that form a temporary wireless network. In order to facilitate communication in MANET, every node has to participate in the routing process. Finding an optimal route is a fundamental task in MANET, where routes tend to be multi-hoped and susceptible. Several routing protocols exist and can be classified as; topology-based and position-based routing protocols. However, the efficiency of these protocols in highly dynamic and dense environments is a challenging task to be considered for increasing perceived Quality of Service (QoS) in MANET. This paper focuses on the presentation and basic operation of each category. A qualitative evaluation between both categories is conducted to achieve a performance comparison in terms of packet- delivery ratio, End-to End delay and routing overhead. Results show that position-based overcome topology-based routing protocols in high dynamic and sparse environments. Recommendations for designing and implementing efficient position-based protocols are presented.

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of IACO,AODV Networking Routing Protocols

2011 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Miss Shweta Mod ◽  
Mr. Jitendra Prithvira
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

There are several standard protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) that have been developed for devices with higher computing features. The Efficient routing protocols can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc networks, in terms of both performance and reliability. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far. Amongst the most popular ones are Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Improved Ant Colony Optimization (IACO). In this paper we present our observations regarding the performance comparison of the above protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We perform extensive simulations, using NS-2 simulator. The Average end-to-end delay and the Packet Delivery Ratio have been considered as the two performance parameters

scholarly journals Effect of Different Propagation Models in Routing Protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3975-3980
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are wireless networks where communication of nodes takes placevia radio waves. Due to dynamic topology and mobility of nodes frequent path failure takes place which in return affects the Quality of Service (QoS) in MANET. This paper mainly focuses on the experimental analysis on different propagation models namely Two-ray ground reflection, Free Space and Shadowing models on AODV and DSDV. We have done rigorous experiments to verify the effects of various propagation models and try to find its environment suitability. The QoS parameters we have used for the observation of the performance are throughput, delay and Packet-Delivery-Ratio (PDR). Simulation is done using NS-2.Free Space model gives better performance in both the protocols in contrast to other models. This paper will be helpful for researchers, students who are newly involved in research for better understanding and utilization of propagation models in corresponding environment.

A Bandwidth and Energy Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Enhanced Performance in Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharadwaj ◽  
Surjeet Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Background & Objective: There are some challenging issues such as providing Quality of Service (QoS), restricted usage of channels and shared bandwidth pertaining to ad-hoc networks in a dynamic topology. Hence, there is a requirement to support QoS for the application environment and multimedia services in ad-hoc networks with the fast growing and emerging development of information technology. Eventually, bandwidth is one of the key elements to be considered. Methods: Energy aware QoS routing protocol in an ad-hoc network is presented in this article. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results indicate that the improved protocol outperforms Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in terms of QoS metric such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, loss rate and average delay.

Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANETs

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnesh Singh ◽  
Neeta Singh ◽  
Aarti Gautam Dinker
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Hoc Networks

TCP is the most reliable transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery from source to destination node. TCP works well in wired networks but it is assumed that TCP is less preferred for ad-hoc networks. However, for application in ad-hoc networks, TCP can be modified to improve its performance. Various researchers have proposed improvised variants of TCP by only one or two measures. These one or two measures do not seem to be sufficient for proper analysis of improvised version of TCP. So, in this paper, the performance of different TCP versions is investigated with DSDV and AODV routing Protocols. We analyzed various performance measures such as throughput, delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio and number of acknowledgements. The simulation results are carried out by varying number of nodes in network simulator tool NS2. It is observed that TCP Newreno achieved higher throughput and packet delivery ratio with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols.Whereas TCP Vegas achieved minimum delay and packet loss with both DSDV and AODV protocol. However TCP sack achieved minimum acknowledgment with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. In this paper the comparison of all these TCP variants shows that TCP Newreno provides better performance with both AODV and DSDV protocols.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE COMPARISON WITH ACCESSIBILITY PREDICTION AND LINK BREAKAGE PREDICTION IN MANETS

2015 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
TEJAL ARVIND SONAWALE ◽  
SHIKHA NEMA
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Hoc Networks

Ad Hoc Networks face a lot of problems due to issues like mobility, power level, load of the network, bandwidth constraints, dynamic topology which lead to link breaks, node break down and increase in overhead. As nodes are changing their position consistently, routes are rapidly being disturbed, thereby generating route errors and new route discoveries. The need for mobility awareness is widely proclaimed. In our dissertation we present a scheme AOMDV-APLP that makes AOMDV aware of accessibility of neighbor nodes in the network. Nodes acquire the accessibility information of other nodes through routine routing operations and keep in their routing table. Based on this information route discovery is restricted to only “accessible” and “start” nodes. Further route with the strongest signal strength is selected from multiple routes using Link life value predicted by Link Breakage prediction technique. Simulation result shows that using accessibility and link life knowledge in route discovery process MAC overhead, routing overhead and average delay is reduced 3 times, and improve the Packet delivery ratio to a large extent than standard AOMDV which reflects effective use of network resources.

scholarly journals Enhancing Reactive Ad Hoc Routing Protocols with Trust

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yelena Trofimova ◽  
Pavel Tvrdík
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Trust Mechanism ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In wireless ad hoc networks, security and communication challenges are frequently addressed by deploying a trust mechanism. A number of approaches for evaluating trust of ad hoc network nodes have been proposed, including the one that uses neural networks. We proposed to use packet delivery ratios as input to the neural network. In this article, we present a new method, called TARA (Trust-Aware Reactive Ad Hoc routing), to incorporate node trusts into reactive ad hoc routing protocols. The novelty of the TARA method is that it does not require changes to the routing protocol itself. Instead, it influences the routing choice from outside by delaying the route request messages of untrusted nodes. The performance of the method was evaluated on the use case of sensor nodes sending data to a sink node. The experiments showed that the method improves the packet delivery ratio in the network by about 70%. Performance analysis of the TARA method provided recommendations for its application in a particular ad hoc network.

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