scholarly journals Efficient RTS and CTS Mechanism Which Save Time and System Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Bahaa Kareem Mohammed ◽  
Saif Ali Alsaidi ◽  
Raad Farhood Chisab ◽  
Haider Alrikabi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Interference Range ◽  
Constant Bit Rate ◽  
Coordination Function ◽  
The Given

It is a well-known fact that the forthcoming names are distinctively different: interference range, career sense, and transmission. The given paper reveals the underlying study of disengagement of a request to send (RTS)/ clear to send (CTS) dialog. It was basically adopted under the influence of both; the presence of distributed coordination function of IEEE 802.11 and a sub-layer protocol which is called media access control (MAC) protocol. The demonstration was seen when applying a type of traffic flows such as Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and besides User Datagram Protocol (UDP). When these are applied the output performance in term of throughput shows a very linear topology configuration of the network. To sum up, a new RTS /CTS mechanism was proposed based on the results obtained from the above suggestions. The detailing for the new mechanism showed that a terminal node will be responsible for deciding if it is authorized to use an RTS/CTS protocol dialog to send one of its packets or not. Needless to say, this process will be dynamic in nature.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Synchronous Multi-Radio Multi-Link MAC Protocols in IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput WLANs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Taewon Song ◽  
Taeyoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Coordination Function

The representative media access control (MAC) mechanism of IEEE 802.11 is a distributed coordination function (DCF), which operates based on carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) with binary exponential backoff. The next amendment of IEEE 802.11 being developed for future Wi-Fi by the task group-be is called IEEE 802.11be, where the multi-link operation is mainly discussed when it comes to MAC layer operation. The multi-link operation discussed in IEEE 802.11be allows multi-link devices to establish multiple links and operate them simultaneously. Since the medium access on a link may affect the other links, and the conventional MAC mechanism has just taken account of a single link, the DCF should be used after careful consideration for multi-link operation. In this paper, we summarize the DCFs being reviewed to support the multi-radio multi-link operation in IEEE 802.11be and analyze their performance using the Markov chain model. Throughout the extensive performance evaluation, we summarize each MAC protocol’s pros and cons and discuss essential findings of the candidate MAC protocols.

scholarly journals Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL) A Dynamic Communication Threshold for Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Network

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Thomson ◽  
Isam Wadhaj ◽  
Zhiyuan Tan ◽  
Ahmed Al-Dubai
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Random Environments ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Duty Cycling ◽  
Interference Range

The hotspot issue in wireless sensor networks, with nodes nearest the sink node losing energy fastest and degrading network lifetime, is a well-referenced problem. Mobile sink nodes have been proposed as a solution to this. They do not completely remove the hotspot problem though, with nodes the sink passes most closely still expending more energy than others. This study proposes a lightweight algorithm, located in the media access control (MAC) layer of static nodes and utilising knowledge of predictable sink node mobility. This is in order to create a dynamic communication threshold between static nodes and the sink, within which static nodes awaken, lessening competition for sink communication between nodes. In utilising predictable mobility and factors already known to the static node, such as location and interference range, there is no need for energy-consuming messaging. Analysis and simulation results, tested on a lightweight implementation of a carrier-sense multiple-access-based MAC protocol, show a significant improvement in energy consumption in both controlled and random environments, with frame delivery improved to the point where sink speed is negated. This is when compared to the existing duty cycling approach.

An Adaptive TDMA Slot Assignment Algorithm for Scalable Wireless Mesh Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 872-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu Jia ◽  
Yu Wen Wang ◽  
Fan Ji Meng ◽  
Guo Hua Ye ◽  
Guo Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Slot Allocation ◽  
Wireless Mesh

The media access control (MAC) protocol based on fixed slot allocation has low throughput and high delay in high load wireless mesh network. In order to improve the performance of wireless mesh network, we propose a scalable adaptive time division multiple access (TDMA) slot allocation algorithm based on the existing fixed TDMA. The algorithm uses the network structure of clustering and builds a more optimized frame structure, cluster head dynamically allocates time slot according to the packet number of the cluster member sent and the priority level, at the same time taking into account the situation of nodes joining and leaving to improve the scalability of the network The simulation results on OPNET network simulation platform show that the algorithm is superior to fixed TDMA algorithm in both throughput and delay.

scholarly journals Quality of Services Based on Intelligent IoT WLAN MAC Protocol Dynamic Real-Time Applications in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Abbas Alnazir ◽  
Rania A. Mokhtar ◽  
Hesham Alhumyani ◽  
Elmustafa Sayed Ali ◽  
Rashid A. Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Coordination Function

The future directions and challenges for 6G-enabled wireless communication for IoT applications are mainly focused on quality of service (QoS). The selection criteria of mobility management (MM) protocol are mainly the total duration of the delay and packet loss rate during the MM procedure. This is called intelligent handover (IH) to designate a relay with a minimum delay. To solve the problem of handover, media access control (MAC) protocols are used to provide an intelligent protocol for QoS in real-time application in mobility. Moreover, changing the parameter to find the best protocol for mobile stations in WLAN is a good choice. This paper proposed a new QoS structure for the point coordination function that is based on a new intelligent enhanced distribution coordination function that suites with dynamic real-time applications and services. The paper addresses the distributed coordination function (DCF) with QoS-based intelligent mobility management in stations and other scenarios with enhanced distribution coordination function (EDCF) to find the result of throughput, retransmission attempts, delay, and data droop. In this paper, the remote topology comprises a few remote stations and one base station within the remote LAN. All remote stations are found that each station can distinguish a transmission from any other station, and there is portability within the proposed intelligent framework.

scholarly journals Time Slot Utilization for Efficient Multi-Channel MAC Protocol in VANETs

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
VanDung Nguyen ◽  
Tran Anh Khoa ◽  
Thant Zin Oo ◽  
Nguyen H. Tran ◽  
Choong Seon Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Transmission Overhead

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), many schemes for a multi-channel media access control (MAC) protocol have been proposed to adapt to dynamically changing vehicle traffic conditions and deliver both safety and non-safety packets. One such scheme is to employ both time-division multiple access (TDMA) and carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) schemes (called a hybrid TDMA/CSMA scheme) in the control channel (CCH) interval. The scheme can adjust the length of the TDMA period depending on traffic conditions. In this paper, we propose a modified packet transmitted in the TDMA period to reduce transmission overhead under a hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol. Simulation results show that a MAC protocol with a modified packet supports an efficient packet delivery ratio of control packets in the CCH. In addition, we analyze the hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol with the modified packet under saturated throughput conditions on the service channels (SCHs). The analysis results show that the number of neighbors has little effect on the establishment of the number of time slots in TDMA periods and on SCHs under saturated throughput conditions.

scholarly journals Low-Cost and Data Anonymised City Traffic Flow Data Collection to Support Intelligent Traffic System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Handscombe ◽  
Hong Qing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Intelligent Traffic System

There are many methods of collecting traffic flow data, especially using smart phone apps. However, few current solutions balance the need for collecting full route data whilst respecting privacy and remaining low-cost. This project looks into the creation of a wireless sensor network (WSN) that can balance these requirements in an attempt to negate some of the concerns that come with this type of technology. Our proposed system only collects location data within a defined city area. This data is collected with a randomized identifier, which limits repeated identification of the source vehicle and its occupants. Data collected is shared between vehicle and roadside base stations when the two are in range. To deal with the fluid nature of this scenario, a purposely designed Media Access Control (MAC) protocol was designed and implemented using the beacon-slotted ALOHA (Advocates of Linux Open-source Hawaii Association) mechanism.

scholarly journals Media Access Control Protocol in Ad Hoc Network Based on Hybrid Antennas

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 1956-1959
Author(s):  
Ming Ce Cheng ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Media Access Control Protocol

In order to solve the problem of the communication asymmetry problems in hybrid ad hoc network because of the introduction of directional antennas, we propose a hybrid MAC protocol termed DFMAC protocol, which achieving data transmission by one hop through the use of exchange RTS by multiple hops. The protocol takes the benefit of directional antennas and can be used by node equipped with Omni-directional antennas, simulation results show that the DFMAC protocol performs well in improving the network throughput.

scholarly journals TSCH Multiple Slotframe Scheduling for Ensuring Timeliness in TS-SWIPT-Enabled IoT Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Dongwan Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyok Kwon ◽  
Eui-Jik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Channel Hopping ◽  
Transmission Period ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Coordination Function

This paper presents a time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) multiple slotframe scheduling (TMSS) protocol to ensure the timeliness of energy harvesting and data transmission for sensor devices with different transmission periods in Internet of Things (IoT) networks enabled with time-switching simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (TS-SWIPT). The TMSS uses a modified three-step 6P transaction to allocate power and data cells within the slotframe. The sensor device sets the slotframe length equal to the transmission period and estimates the number of power and data cells for allocation in the configured slotframe and requests cell allocation to the hybrid access point (HAP). Upon request from a sensor device, the HAP executes a cell-overlapping prevention (COP) algorithm to resolve the cell-overlapping problem and responds to the sensor device with a candidate cell list. Upon receiving the response from HAP, the sensor device determines its power and data cells by referring to the cell list. We conducted experimental simulations and compared the TMSS performance to that of the legacy TSCH medium access control (MAC) with a single slotframe and the harvest-then-transmit-based modified enhanced distributed coordination function (EDCF) MAC protocol (HE-MAC). The results showed that TMSS outperforms legacy TSCH MAC and HE-MAC in terms of delay, effective throughput and energy utilization.

scholarly journals Hybrid MAC protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs with hidden node problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-325
Author(s):  
Woo-Yong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Lans ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocols ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Hidden Node ◽  
802.11 Wireless Lans ◽  
Coordination Function ◽  
Node Problem

Abstract Combining the IEEE 802.11 basic MAC (medium access control) protocols, which are the DCF (distributed coordination function) and the PCF (point coordination function), we propose a hybrid MAC protocol to improve the performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs and mitigate the hidden node problem.

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