Calculation of protein catabolic rate using pre- and postdialysis blood urea nitrogen concentration.

Acetaminophen also called paracetamol is commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic agent which in high doses causes liver and kidney damage in man and animals. Nigella sativa oil have antioxidant properties. Thirty adult male rats were used and randomly divided into three equal groups. Group (A) untreated and served as control group; Group (B) rats were orally intubated (by gavages needle) acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg B.W). Group (C) rats were given orally acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg) plus 1ml/kg B.W of Nigella sativa oil for 42 days in both treated group. Fasting blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days of experiment to study the following parameters: Serum creatinine concentration and blood urea nitrogen concentration. The results revealed a significant increase of acetaminophen group in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations as compression with GA. Animals treated with Nigella sativa oil plus acetaminophen (C) showed a significant decline in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. In conclusion, the acetaminophen was effective in induction of oxidative stress and change in some biological markers related to kidney disease. Also it seems that Nigella sativa oil exerts protective actions against the damaging effect of acetaminophen

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Effect of different levels of dietary nitrogen supplementation on the relative blood urea nitrogen concentration of beef cows

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-019-01883-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 1883-1891

Author(s):

Takula Tshuma ◽

Geoffrey Theodore Fosgate ◽

Robyn Hamman ◽

Dietmar Erik Holm

Keyword(s):

Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Nitrogen Supplementation ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Dietary Nitrogen ◽

Different Levels

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The Synergistic Effect of Microwave Radiation and Hypergravity on Rats and the Intervention Effect of Rana Sylvatica Le Conte Oil

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325817711511 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 155932581771151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Sun ◽

Yudan Yang ◽

Hongmei Yu ◽

Luowei Wang ◽

Su Pan

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Microwave Radiation ◽

Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Rana Sylvatica ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Choline Acetyl Transferase ◽

Total Antioxidant

Aim: The phenomena of hypergravity and microwave radiation are widespread, which cause more and more concern for the hazards to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of microwave radiation and hypergravity on rats and observe the protective effect of Rana sylvatica Le conte oil. Methods: Rats were exposed to microwave radiation and hypergravity, and the rat weight, the climbing pole height, serum enzyme activities, blood urea nitrogen concentration, and total antioxidant capacity were detected. Results: The climbing pole height, the activities of choline acetyl transferase and cholinesterase, and the total antioxidant capacity decreased, whereas the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, areatine kinase, isocitric dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the blood urea nitrogen concentration increased in the hypergravity irradiation group as compared with the others. Conclusion: These results imply that the motion and nervous system of rats might be affected critically by the synergistic effect of microwave radiation and hypergravity, and it causes damage to most rat organs, such as the bone, skeletal muscle, liver, heart, and kidney, and the antioxidant effect is also damaged, while the injury resulted from it could be protected by Rana sylvatica Le conte oil.

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A Quantitative Approach to the CAPD Prescription

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686088500500304 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 152-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Brendan P. Teehan ◽

Charles R. Schleifer ◽

Miles H. Sigler ◽

Gary S. Gilgore

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Question ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Drainage Volume ◽

Wide Acceptance ◽

Catabolic Rate ◽

One Year ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Protein Catabolic Rate

The CAPD prescription, expressed as daily drainage volume, can be formulated as a function of the recommended dietary protein intake and the average BUN level. This process is greatly simplified because urea nitrogen reaches a state of equilibrium on CAPD. The ratio of the actual drainage volume to this prescribed drainage volume -a dialysis index (Dl), reflects the fraction of urea nitrogen clearance achieved. Used with the average BUN level, the dialysis index provides an estimate of the protein catabolic rate (PCR), in gm/kg/day. When integrated these three factors -BUN, Dl and PCR, can be applied to optimize diet and dialysis and may provide a basis for comparing treatment results between patients and between centers. As continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) approaches its ninth anniversary, it continues to grow and to enjoy wide acceptance. Only a small minority continue to question its role in the care of end-stage renal disease patients. However, they ask fundamental questions which deserve our attention. Why is rate of hospitalization higher -peritonitis and access-related difficulties are only partially responsible (I). Does this technique's low urea nitrogen clearance provide adequate dialysis? Why do nearly 30% of patients leave CAPD programs within one year (2)? Are some CAPD patients under-dialyzed or malnourished? After nearly a decade of experience we have not answered these nagging questions and perhaps they cannot be answered. However, it is clear that they cannot be avoided. As Huxley cautioned, “Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored.” An objective analysis of these issues raises the fundamental question, namely, the adequacy of dialysis -and adequacy compared to what?

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