scholarly journals Design and Covid-19: Monitoring Urban Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Maria Do Val da Fonseca ◽  
Virgínia Souza de Carvalho Borges Kistmann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Telephone Companies ◽  
Statistical Surveys ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
Monitoring Activity

This article discusses the use of population monitoring within urban space by designers. It considers its use to define design strategies aiming at mitigating the Covid-19. Some governments have used identified citizens data as well as stored population data through telephone companies. In search to establish new strategies to mitigate the pandemic consolidation, data collected are used for communication, considering among other aspects statistical surveys of the population. With this, new services are offering digital applications in the pandemic context, having designers as part of the group of people involved in this new process. On population monitoring activity, issues such as data privacy, surveillance capitalism and doubts about the use of these data and activities after the pandemic are points to be considered. In this context, how and what should designers consider in this scenario is a question that arises. This work presents a discussion about the theme based upon a systematic research on the related literature. Literature was analysed resulting in a set of points that shows the importance of design strategy in the use of these projects.

scholarly journals The spatial context of the cinematic aspect of architecture

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Paradigmatic Change

This paper presents the findings, conclusions and results of my PhD research entitled, "The spatial context of the cinematic aspect of architecture". The purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of adopting the cinematic qualities of architecture as an approach to tracing current modifications in contemporary architectural discourse in relation to the paradigmatic change of perception of urban space towards a movement perspective. The design process tradition, which comprises a standard series of procedural exercises aided by new technology, is in contrast to the experimental architectural research of the last decade that has clearly demonstrated the tendency to enrich the limited traditional approach in order to extend human vision beyond what is perceivable. Accordingly, I propose that we can test the cinematic aspect of architecture, first having harmonized the relationship between architecture and film through their common methodological and didactic approaches. To verify the cinematic aspect of architecture in theory, practice and education, and to maintain the level of creativity present in design practice, I initiated a reassessment of current design practice and proposed alternative architectural design strategies.

scholarly journals Wearable health devices and personal area networks: can they improve outcomes in haemodialysis patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii43-ii50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen P Kooman ◽  
Fokko Pieter Wieringa ◽  
Maggie Han ◽  
Sheetal Chaudhuri ◽  
Frank M van der Sande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Dialysis Patient ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Personal Area Networks

Abstract Digitization of healthcare will be a major innovation driver in the coming decade. Also, enabled by technological advancements and electronics miniaturization, wearable health device (WHD) applications are expected to grow exponentially. This, in turn, may make 4P medicine (predictive, precise, preventive and personalized) a more attainable goal within dialysis patient care. This article discusses different use cases where WHD could be of relevance for dialysis patient care, i.e. measurement of heart rate, arrhythmia detection, blood pressure, hyperkalaemia, fluid overload and physical activity. After adequate validation of the different WHD in this specific population, data obtained from WHD could form part of a body area network (BAN), which could serve different purposes such as feedback on actionable parameters like physical inactivity, fluid overload, danger signalling or event prediction. For a BAN to become clinical reality, not only must technical issues, cybersecurity and data privacy be addressed, but also adequate models based on artificial intelligence and mathematical analysis need to be developed for signal optimization, data representation, data reliability labelling and interpretation. Moreover, the potential of WHD and BAN can only be fulfilled if they are part of a transformative healthcare system with a shared responsibility between patients, healthcare providers and the payors, using a step-up approach that may include digital assistants and dedicated ‘digital clinics’. The coming decade will be critical in observing how these developments will impact and transform dialysis patient care and will undoubtedly ask for an increased ‘digital literacy’ for all those implicated in their care.

Influencing Factors Study of the Contemporary Spatial Expansion of Wuhan

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1911-1917
Author(s):  
Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Spatial Expansion

The rapid urban development of Chinas city during the transitional period has received extensive academic research and policy attention. This study inquired into the process, features and impact factors of spatial expansion in Wuhan during the transitional period. This study conducted a systematic research of the transitional urban space and using data analysis to explore the spatial logic and inherent laws underlying the spatial expansion of Wuhan. Based on data analysis via SPSS, three primary components closely related to urban land use change are identified. Corresponding influence factors under the spatial expansion are explored. Economic development, urbanization level, industrial structure, the foreign investment and other indicators drive the spatial expansion of Wuhan, and it is urgent to optimize the current space framework of the downtown areas for the creation of a sustainable and effective urban space form. This study also indicates the new trends of spatial expansion and relevant recommendations for the future development of Wuhan.

Identifying spatio-temporal hotspots of human activity that are popular non-work destinations

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832097020
Author(s):  
Roberto Ponce Lopez ◽  
Joseph Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Definition Of

The improved temporal and spatial granularity of data now available from current information technologies offers an opportunity to study previously unexplored dimensions of the relationship between built environment and social outcomes. Within the field of urban studies, an old question worth revisiting with these new technologies is how to best trace the spatial boundaries that circumscribe a place or location to explore non-work activity. In this study, we explore a data-driven definition of places as units of analysis that can be used to explore non-work activity in Singapore. Such a definition of place characterizes an urban space in terms of its concentration of activity and the topology of the built environment–features that are especially important to urban planners. We utilize available smartphone data to develop a systematic framework to identify locations with a concentrated human presence. Using a cylinder moving over a grid representing Singapore, we scan aggregated smartphones locational requests (by time and cell), identifying areas with atypical high concentrations at a given time. Our tool identified 93 places with a concentrated human presence. Direct observation of six of these places at the selected times in conjunction with additional transportation and population data indicated that the topology of commercial establishments provided a strong approximation of non-work activity at a given time and place. Having established the relevance of commercial establishments in approximating non-work activity, then points-of-interest data within the 93 derived places are used to propose a typology of commercial patches, based on their spatial configuration. Nine metrics of the geometry and topology of patches of establishments, such as compacity and their dependence on proximity to shopping malls, were developed. These combined variables revealed more temporal and spatial variety within locations than had previously been recognized. The most popular places for non-work activity were densely configured with various commercial sub-spaces or patches appealing to different lifestyles and income groups. This study suggests that a location/place can be best defined as a highly detailed, multi-faceted, and always evolving area of activity rather than as a fixed location with temporal and unmovable boundaries. Suggesting a dynamic redefinition of location/place that builds on other recent work, this work offers potential contributions to locational models for non-work activity.

Data-Driven and Practice-Based Evidence

2016 ◽  
pp. 295-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzah Osop ◽  
Tony Sahama
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
The Right

Decision making is such an integral aspect in health care routine that the ability to make the right decisions at crucial moments can lead to patient health improvements. Evidence-based practice, the paradigm used to make those informed decisions, relies on the use of current best evidence from systematic research such as randomized controlled trials. Limitations of the outcomes from RCT, such as “quantity” and “quality” of evidence generated, has lowered healthcare professionals' confidence in using EBP. An alternate paradigm of Practice-Based Evidence has evolved with the key being evidence drawn from practice settings. Through the use of health information technology, electronic health records capture relevant clinical practice “evidence”. A data-driven approach is proposed to capitalize on the benefits of EHR. The issues of data privacy, security and integrity are diminished by an information accountability concept. Data warehouse architecture completes the data-driven approach by integrating health data from multi-source systems, unique within the healthcare environment.

A TISM modeling of critical success factors of blockchain based cloud services

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Prasad ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Rachita Gupta ◽  
Sreejit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hierarchical Framework ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Purpose Over last few years, a major innovation known as blockchain technology has emerged as potentially one of the most disruptive technology of recent times. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze various critical success factors (CSFs) that can facilitate success of blockchain-based cloud services. Further, this paper aims to analyze and understand mutual interactions among these CSFs. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, 19 CSFs have been identified through literature review and expert opinions. The hierarchical framework developed using total interpretive structural modeling has revealed the inter-dependencies among these CSFs. The methodology employed in this study provides a mechanism to conduct an exploratory study by identifying the factors and analyzing their interactions through the development of a hierarchical framework. This research further categorizes CSFs into multiple clusters based on their driving power and dependence power. Findings This paper has identified 19 CSFs, namely, user engagement, industry collaboration, rich ecosystem, blockchain technology standardization, regulatory clarity, cost efficiency, energy efficiency (wasted resources), handling blockchain bloat, miner incentives, business case alignment to blockchain capability, sidechains development, blockchain talent pool availability, leadership readiness for a decentralized consensus based technology, technology investment and maturity, trust on blockchain networks, integration with other cloud services, robust and mature smart contracts platform, blockchain security and user control on data (privacy). Further, driver and dependent variables have been identified. Research limitations/implications Future research can discover and detail the sub-factors behind the 19 CSFs identified in this paper. Additionally, more work can be done to extend the current structural model for blockchain-based services to a more functional form. Practical implications It provides a comprehensive list of CSFs that are relevant for development of blockchain-based cloud services. This will help industry leaders to strategically focus on the main drivers that will ensure that businesses get maximum benefit of this disruptive technology. Originality/value This study makes a significant contribution in the literature of blockchain-based cloud services, which captures the perspective of different stakeholders. This study is one of the first (if not the first) systematic research on adoption of blockchain-based services. It creates the foundation to carry out further research in this area.

scholarly journals A Case Study on the Development of a Data Privacy Management Solution Based on Patient Information

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6030
Author(s):  
Arielle Verri Lucca ◽  
Luís Augusto Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Luchtenberg ◽  
Leonardo Garcez ◽  
Xuzeng Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Privacy Management ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Iot Devices

Data on diagnosis of infection in the general population are strategic for different applications in the public and private spheres. Among them, the data related to symptoms and people displacement stand out, mainly considering highly contagious diseases. This data is sensitive and requires data privacy initiatives to enable its large-scale use. The search for population-monitoring strategies aims at social tracking, supporting the surveillance of contagions to respond to the confrontation with Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19). There are several data privacy issues in environments where IoT devices are used for monitoring hospital processes. In this research, we compare works related to the subject of privacy in the health area. To this end, this research proposes a taxonomy to support the requirements necessary to control patient data privacy in a hospital environment. According to the tests and comparisons made between the variables compared, the application obtained results that contribute to the scenarios applied. In this sense, we modeled and implemented an application. By the end, a mobile application was developed to analyze the privacy and security constraints with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Sustainable Renewal of Underground Parking Space in the Scenario of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Bing Xia ◽  
Yitao Fang ◽  
Haodi Shen ◽  
Jinli Shen ◽  
Shengzhang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Series Evaluation ◽  
Form Features ◽  
And Function

Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are a major development direction in international scientific and technological innovation. One of the most popular features of SAVs in the urban space is that they can significantly reduce the need for parking. The urban underground parking space (UPS) is currently the largest static traffic space, especially in high-density urban centers. Under the SAV scenario, the need for the renewal of UPS will increase in the near future. However, renewal of the UPS is difficult due to its special form features, which are greatly restricted by the external environment, thus necessitating targeted methods and strategies. This research first conducted field investigations and data collection on the spatial morphology and service conditions of typical UPSs in different areas of Hangzhou city. Based on the driver status response and the multi-objective attribute models, the time-series evaluation method and function replacement decision model for the sustainable renewal of underground parking were established. The research also discusses appropriate design strategies for the combination of spatial characteristics and functional replacement goals of typical samples. The conclusions will provide scientific guidance for the future design practice of architects and urban designers in SAV.

Data-Driven and Practice-Based Evidence

2016 ◽  
pp. 336-368
Author(s):  
Hamzah Osop ◽  
Tony Sahama
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
The Right

Decision making is such an integral aspect in health care routine that the ability to make the right decisions at crucial moments can lead to patient health improvements. Evidence-based practice, the paradigm used to make those informed decisions, relies on the use of current best evidence from systematic research such as randomized controlled trials. Limitations of the outcomes from RCT, such as “quantity” and “quality” of evidence generated, has lowered healthcare professionals' confidence in using EBP. An alternate paradigm of Practice-Based Evidence has evolved with the key being evidence drawn from practice settings. Through the use of health information technology, electronic health records capture relevant clinical practice “evidence”. A data-driven approach is proposed to capitalize on the benefits of EHR. The issues of data privacy, security and integrity are diminished by an information accountability concept. Data warehouse architecture completes the data-driven approach by integrating health data from multi-source systems, unique within the healthcare environment.

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