Changing Attitudes toward Women IT Managers

2012 ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Gary Hackbarth ◽  
Kevin E. Dow ◽  
Hongmei Wang ◽  
W. Roy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
It Managers ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Essentialism and social constructionism theories have long explained the difficulties women experience as they aspire to higher managerial positions or enter science and technology fields. In the 1970s, the Women as Managers Scale (WAMS) sought to determine the extent to which males perceived females as being different from their social group. Given efforts to encourage women to consider IT careers and changes in public law and education that have occurred since the early 1970s, this study revisited the WAMS to compare current attitudes of young people toward women as managers. The results suggest that through the intangible individual differences of women, perspective, overtime, via training, by awareness, and with their greater participation in the workplace, there has been gradual improvement in the perception of women as managers by men in the science and technology fields.

Changing Attitudes Toward Women IT Managers

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Gary Hackbarth ◽  
Kevin E. Dow ◽  
Hongmei Wang ◽  
W. Roy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
It Managers ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Essentialism and social constructionism theories have long explained the difficulties women experience as they aspire to higher managerial positions or enter science and technology fields. In the 1970s, the Women as Managers Scale (WAMS) sought to determine the extent to which males perceived females as being different from their social group. Given efforts to encourage women to consider IT careers and changes in public law and education that have occurred since the early 1970s, this study revisited the WAMS to compare current attitudes of young people toward women as managers. The results suggest that through the intangible individual differences of women, perspective, overtime, via training, by awareness, and with their greater participation in the workplace, there has been gradual improvement in the perception of women as managers by men in the science and technology fields.

Changing Attitudes Toward Women: A Longitudinal Study of College Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Etaugh ◽  
Deborah Bohn Spandikow
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Shift Hypothesis ◽  
Over Time

Cross sectional data indicate that college students show more liberal attitudes toward women with increasing years of college attendance. This shift may reflect intraindividual change or simply differential dropout of more traditionally oriented students. To study this problem longitudinally, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale was administered to 430 university students who had completed the same questionnaire 2 years earlier. Attitudes toward women generally became more liberal over time for both male and female students, supporting the intraindividual shift hypothesis. For both sexes, attitudes involving women's educational-vocational rights became more liberal than those involving women's marital and maternal responsibilities. Socio-demographic characteristics of subjects who became more traditional were compared with those of subjects who became more liberal.

Controlled Exertion of Force by Developmentally Delayed Young Men and Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Nagasawa ◽  
Shinichi Demura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Movement Function

Present purposes were to examine the characteristics of controlled force exertion in 28 developmentally delayed young people (14 men, 14 women), and sex differences compared to 28 normal young students (14 men, 14 women). The subjects matched their submaximal grip strength to changing demand values displayed in a bar chart on the display of a personal computer. The total sum of the differences between the demand value and grip exertion value for 25 sec. was used as an evaluation parameter for the test. The controlled force exertion was significantly poorer for the developmentally delayed group than for controls, and there were large individual differences. The developmentally delayed men scored poorer than women in coordination. Like the controls, the means between trials did not decrease significantly. For these developmentally delayed subjects, performance did not improve after only a few trials. The controlled force-exertion test is useful as a voluntary movement-function test for developmentally delayed subjects.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU BERBASIS BUDAYA DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
Roy Wentas
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Global Trend

The progress of science and technology tends to give rise to differences between the older generation and the younger generation. Therefore learn the value orientation among young people and learners, especially the attitude of diversity is certainly important. Coaching youth as the next generation is a shared responsibility between families, communities and the nation state. Religious Education can run and practice the teachings of Hinduism so that the formation budhi noble character and noble morals. In the holy book, Bhagavadgita stated two trends affect the human character, the properties of all devata's (daivi sampat) and properties of giant (asuri sampat). Both of these trends are directly or indirectly will shape human character. The rapid development of science and technology these days have influenced the characters of the children, who are faced with heavy challenges. Teaching children should be then directed towards strenghtening their morals. Regarding that, it needs a neo-traditional norm that is based on the traditional origins. The Hindu education could become the normative agent that builds any modern Indonesian characters through their local wisdoms that are motivative to the children. On the instrumental level, the primary values to be taught are autonomy, dignity, creativity, morality, pride, and sense of aesthetics, and democracy awareness. They should preserve the local cultural heritage, including the languages and the arts, while adapting the global trend. As the educators, the teachers at schools as well as the parents at homes must be the role models whose responsibilities and disciplines are followed

Exploring Proenvironmental Behavior of Serbian Youth Through Environmental Values, Satisfaction, and Responsibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Jovanović ◽  
Dragica Gatarić ◽  
Zorica Prnjat ◽  
Goran Andjelković ◽  
Jasmina M. Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Proenvironmental Behavior ◽  
Environmentally Responsible Behavior ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
Environmentally Responsible

We assessed the influence of environmental values on the proenvironmental behavior of youth in Serbia by assessing the level of their satisfaction with environmental conditions and their sense of personal environmental responsibility. Participants were 168 15-year-old boys and girls who were pupils in their final year at primary schools in Belgrade. We found that 9.5% of the variability in the students' proenvironmental behavior could be explained by individual differences regarding their environmental values, environmental satisfaction, and environmental responsibility. The results obtained from this study should provide curriculum developers, educators, and teachers with a deeper understanding of methods and strategies to use in order to raise environmental awareness and to encourage environmentally responsible behavior among young people in Serbia.

Using Individual Differences to Segment the “Market” for an Attribution-Based Substance Abuse Intervention Program

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Rose ◽  
William O. Bearden ◽  
Kenneth C. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substance Abuse Intervention ◽  
Marijuana Consumption

Prior research has shown that young people are more likely to say no to a peer group's drug or alcohol consumption when they also ask why. That is, being able to explain peer substance abuse, especially in terms of normative motives, has been associated with reduced conformity. The authors show that individual differences based on prior attitudes toward illicit consumption and susceptibility to social influence are useful for segmenting young people to better target and design effective intervention strategies. Results from Studies 1 and 2 indicate that prior attitude toward marijuana consumption and reported marijuana usage affect the explanations made to account for a peer group's substance abuse. In Study 2, the association between normative explanations for peer marijuana use and intentions to smoke marijuana is shown to depend on susceptibility to social influence. The implications of these findings for future research and for public policy are also discussed.

Changing attitudes and intentions related to doping: An analysis of individual differences in need for cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (24) ◽  
pp. 2835-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Horcajo ◽  
David Santos ◽  
Joshua J. Guyer ◽  
Lorena Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Challenger through the Eyes of Feyerabend

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Dombrowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Theory Choice ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Paul Feyerabend

Paul Feyerabend elucidated the role of prior adherence to scientific theory in shaping subsequent perceptions of data. Thus one's theory choice shapes data, rather than data shaping theory, as is traditionally held. Feyerabend's philosophy also downplays the role of raw data, emphasizing instead debate among competing theories. This iconoclastic philosophy yields important new insights into the Challenger disaster, insights consonant with yet distinct from those of social constructionism. We learn from it the salience of meaning rather than raw data; the powerful role of prior conceptualizations in shaping the data of experience; and the surprising need for debate and pluralism for the wholesome pursuit of science and technology.

Ability Differences Among People Who Have Commensurate Degrees Matter for Scientific Creativity

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Park ◽  
David Lubinski ◽  
Camilla P. Benbow
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Doctorate Degree ◽  
Terminal Degree

A sample of 1,586 intellectually talented adolescents (top 1%) were assessed on the math portion of the SAT by age 13 and tracked for more than 25 years. Patents and scientific publications were used as criteria for scientific and technological accomplishment. Participants were categorized according to whether their terminal degree was a bachelor's, master's, or doctorate degree, and within these degree groupings, the proportion of participants with at least one patent or scientific publication in adulthood increased as a function of this early SAT assessment. Information about individual differences in cognitive ability (even when measured in early adolescence) can predict differential creative potential in science and technology within populations that have advanced educational degrees.

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