Electrochemical Technologies for Industrial Effluent Treatment

2015 ◽  
pp. 118-146
Author(s):  
Rohit Misra ◽  
Neti Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Aqueous Effluent ◽  
Set Up

Electrochemical processes are the most adequate tools in the aqueous effluent treatment. The process will not require chemical addition and indeed electrons are the only reactants added to the process to stimulate the reaction. Anodic oxidation of recalcitrant wastewater in a typical electrochemical set-up is particularly interesting because of its ease of operation and scope for scale-up. Nevertheless, electro oxidation in the three-dimensional carbon bed electrodes is a promising process for electrooxidation of effluents containing non-biodegradable organic compounds. The application of three-dimensional carbon bed electrochemical reactor for the degradation of organic pollutant is demonstrated in this chapter. The role of carbon particles in the three-dimensional electrodes reactor is described in this chapter. It has at least two important functions: 1) adsorption of organic compounds from effluents and 2) act as particle electrode. Various operation and design considerations leading to better understanding of carbon bed electrochemical reactors are discussed.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Technologies for Industrial Effluent Treatment

2016 ◽  
pp. 683-711
Author(s):  
Rohit Misra ◽  
Neti Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Aqueous Effluent ◽  
Set Up

Electrochemical processes are the most adequate tools in the aqueous effluent treatment. The process will not require chemical addition and indeed electrons are the only reactants added to the process to stimulate the reaction. Anodic oxidation of recalcitrant wastewater in a typical electrochemical set-up is particularly interesting because of its ease of operation and scope for scale-up. Nevertheless, electro oxidation in the three-dimensional carbon bed electrodes is a promising process for electrooxidation of effluents containing non-biodegradable organic compounds. The application of three-dimensional carbon bed electrochemical reactor for the degradation of organic pollutant is demonstrated in this chapter. The role of carbon particles in the three-dimensional electrodes reactor is described in this chapter. It has at least two important functions: 1) adsorption of organic compounds from effluents and 2) act as particle electrode. Various operation and design considerations leading to better understanding of carbon bed electrochemical reactors are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity and PH on the Industrial Effluent Treatment by Activated Carbon: Modeling of the Kinetic Adsorption and Equilibrium Isotherms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Mohamed ◽  
G. Awad ◽  
C. Andriantsiferana ◽  
H. Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Carbon Modeling

In recent years, interest has been focused on the removal of phenols from contaminated by using a variety of purification techniques. Adsorption of bio-industrial effluent on commercial activated carbon S23 was investigated at ambient conditions. In this wok, phenol and p-hydroxyl benzoic acid (PHBA) was studied as an example of the organic compounds present in the industrial effluent. The effect of temperature, pH, and the presence of inorganic salt NaCl on the pollutants adsorption were studied to give further comprehension of the optimal conditions of the organic compounds adsorption onto activated carbon. It was noted that the increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in phenols adsorption capacity by S23. Lower phenol adsorption was also observed at the solution pH 2 and 10, whereas, favourable adsorption was reached at neutral solution pH, and the coexisting inorganic salt NaCl exerts slightly positive effect on the adsorption process. The isotherms obtained at pH 2.2 and 3.5 (non-buffered solution) are very similar and showed a higher adsorption capacity compared with that obtained at pH 7 and 10 for PHBA which is more adsorbable than phenol. The kinetic of the adsorption processes can be better represented by the pseudo-second order. The results showed also that the total organic carbon (TOC) of the industrial effluent reduced for about 20 %. Freundlich, Langmuir and Jovanovic adsorption models were used for mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium of phenols. The results showed that the experimental data fitted very well to the Freundlich and Jovanovic models.

Diagnostic System of Gravitational Solid Flow Based on Weight and Accelerometer Signal Analysis Using Wireless Data Transmission Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Chaniecki ◽  
Krzysztof Grudzień ◽  
Tomasz Jaworski ◽  
Grzegorz Rybak ◽  
Andrzej Romanowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Wireless Data Transmission ◽  
Accelerometer Signal ◽  
Flow Investigation ◽  
Material Information

Abstract The paper presents results of the scale-up silo flow investigation in based on accelerometer signal analysis and Wi-Fi transmission, performed in distributed laboratory environment. Prepared, by the authors, a set of 8 accelerometers allows to measure a three-dimensional acceleration vector. The accelerometers were located outside silo, on its perimeter. The accelerometers signal changes allowed to analyze dynamic behavior of solid (vibrations/pulsations) at silo wall during discharging process. These dynamic effects are caused by stick-slip friction between the wall and the granular material. Information about the material pulsations and vibrations is crucial for monitoring the interaction between silo construction and particle during flow. Additionally such spatial position of accelerometers sensor allowed to collect information about nonsymmetrical flow inside silo.

Constructive Optimisation of the Propeller Type Mixing Devices Using the Virtual and Rapid Prototyping

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Besnea ◽  
Alina Spanu ◽  
Iuliana Marlena Prodea ◽  
Gheorghita Tomescu ◽  
Iolanda Constanta Panait
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Multidisciplinary Optimization ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Parametric Cad ◽  
Shaft Torque

The paper points out the advantages of rapid prototyping for improving the performances/constructive optimization of mixing devices used in process industries, here exemplified to propeller types ones. The multidisciplinary optimization of the propeller profile affords its design using parametric CAD methods. Starting from the mathematical curve equations proposed for the blade profile, it was determined its three-dimensional virtual model. The challenge has been focused on the variation of propeller pitch and external diameter. Three dimensional ranges were manufactured using the additive manufacturing process with Marker Boot 3D printer. The mixing performances were tested on the mixing equipment measuring the minimum rotational speed and the correspondent shaft torque for complete suspension achieved for each of the three models. The virtual and rapid prototyping method is newly proposed by the authors to obtain the basic data for scale up of the mixing systems, in the case of flexible production (of low quantities), in which both the nature and concentration of the constituents in the final product varies often. It is an efficient and low cost method for the rapid identification of the optimal mixing device configuration, which contributes to the costs reduction and to the growing of the output.

scholarly journals Vibration characteristics of triple-gear-rotor system in compressed air energy storage under variable torque load

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042098705
Author(s):  
Xinran Wang ◽  
Yangli Zhu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Dongxu Hu ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
System Response ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Torque Load ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Stages

This paper focuses on the effects of the off-design operation of CAES on the dynamic characteristics of the triple-gear-rotor system. A finite element model of the system is set up with unbalanced excitations, torque load excitations, and backlash which lead to variations of tooth contact status. An experiment is carried out to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model. The results show that when the system is subjected to large-scale torque load lifting at a high rotating speed, it has two stages of relatively strong periodicity when the torque load is light, and of chaotic when the torque load is heavy, with the transition between the two states being relatively quick and violent. The analysis of the three-dimensional acceleration spectrum and the meshing force shows that the variation in the meshing state and the fluctuation of the meshing force is the basic reasons for the variation in the system response with the torque load. In addition, the three rotors in the triple-gear-rotor system studied show a strong similarity in the meshing states and meshing force fluctuations, which result in the similarity in the dynamic responses of the three rotors.

Optimum Design for the Frame of Open Type Abrasive Flow Polish Machine

2012 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Liang Liang Yuan ◽  
Ke Hua Zhang ◽  
Li Min
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Set Up

In order to process heterotype hole of workpiece precisely, an open abrasive flow polish machine is designed, and the optimization design of machine frame is done for low cost. Firstly, basing on the parameters designed with traditional ways, three-dimensional force model is set up with the soft of SolidWorks. Secondly, the statics and modal analysis for machine body have been done in Finite element methods (FEM), and then the optimization analysis of machine frame has been done. At last, the model of rebuild machine frame has been built. Result shows that the deformation angle value of machine frame increased from 0.72′ to 1.001′, the natural frequency of the machine decreased from 75.549 Hz to 62.262 Hz, the weight of machine decreased by 74.178 Kg after optimization. It meets the strength, stiffness and angel stiffness requirement of machine, reduces the weight and cost of machine.

scholarly journals Treatment of Combined Dairy and Domestic Wastewater with Constructed Wetland System in Sicily (Italy). Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Effect of Vegetation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Mario Licata ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Nicolò Iacuzzi ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Davide Farruggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Giant Reed

Dairy wastewater (DWW) contains large amounts of mineral and organic compounds, which can accumulate in soil and water causing serious environmental pollution. A constructed wetland (CW) is a sustainable technology for the treatment of DWW in small-medium sized farms. This paper reports a two-year study on the performance of a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system for DWW treatment in Sicily (Italy). The CW system covered a total surface area of 100 m2 and treated approximately 6 m3 per day of wastewater produced by a small dairy farm, subsequent to biological treatment. Removal efficiency (RE) of the system was calculated. The biomass production of two emergent macrophytes was determined and the effect of plant growth on organic pollutant RE was recorded. All DWW parameters showed significant differences between inlet and outlet. For BOD5 and COD, RE values were 76.00% and 62.00%, respectively. RE for total nitrogen (50.70%) was lower than that of organic compounds. RE levels of microbiological parameters were found to be higher than 80.00%. Giant reed produced greater biomass than umbrella sedge. A seasonal variation in RE of organic pollutants was recorded due to plant growth rate Our findings highlight the efficient use of a CW system for DWW treatment in dairy-cattle farms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document