Challenges and Opportunities for the Development and Management of Urban Green Areas in Addis Ababa

Enforcement Mechanisms ◽

Development And Management ◽

This chapter examines the challenges of, and opportunities for, the development and management of cooperative housing green areas and street trees. To deal with this issue effectively, the study employed mixed research methods and used questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations and desk reviews, for the purposes of data collection. The findings of this study identify a lack of awareness on the part of the public and of government employees, weak institutional capacities, a lack of coordination among stakeholders, and the absence of clear ownership and enforcement mechanisms, as representing the major challenges impacting the development and management of cooperative housing green areas and street trees. Therefore, in order to develop and manage these green areas properly, the study recommends that the good will, the coordination and the efforts of all stakeholders, including communities, government authority, and non-governmental bodies, be enhanced and duly coordinated.

FERTILITY DECLINE DRIVEN BY POVERTY: THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s002193200700260x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 339-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

ESHETU GURMU ◽

RUTH MACE

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Fertility Decline ◽

Western Europe ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Fertility Transition ◽

Economic Stress ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Group Discussions ◽

The Relationship ◽

SummaryDemographic transition theory states that fertility declines in response to development, thus wealth and fertility are negatively correlated. Evolutionary theory, however, suggests a positive relationship between wealth and fertility. Fertility transition as a result of industrialization and economic development started in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western Europe; and it extended to some of the Asian and Latin American countries later on. However, economic crises since the 1980s have been co-incident with fertility decline in sub-Sahara Africa and other developing countries like Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh in the last decade of the 20th century. A very low level of fertility is observed in Addis Ababa (TFR=1·9) where contraceptive prevalence rate is modest and recurrent famine as well as drought have been major causes of economic crisis in the country for more than three consecutive decades, which is surprising given the high rural fertility. Detailed socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of 2976 women of reproductive age (i.e. 15–49 years) residing in Addis Ababa were collected during the first quarter of 2003 using an event history calendar and individual women questionnaire. Controlling for the confounding effects of maternal birth cohort, education, marital status and accessible income level, the poor (those who have access to less than a dollar per day or 250 birr a month) were observed to elongate the timing of having first and second births, while relatively better-off women were found to have shorter birth intervals. Results were also the same among the ever-married women only model. More than 50% of women currently in their 20s are also predicted to fail to reproduce as most of the unmarried men and women are ‘retreating from marriage’ due to economic stress. Qualitative information collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews also supports the statistical findings that poverty is at the root of this collapse in fertility. Whilst across countries wealth and fertility have been negatively correlated, this study shows that within one uniform population the relationship is clearly positive.

First-Time Voter Education Through the Democracy Volunteer Movement

Journal of Moral and Civic Education ◽

10.24036/8851412422020499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 60-68

Author(s):

Suryanef Suryanef ◽

Al Rafni

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Target Groups ◽

The Public ◽

Education Model ◽

First Time ◽

Election Commission ◽

Political Actions ◽

Ahead of the 2014 election, the General Election Commission established a group of facilitators to educate the public about the election (voter education), called Democracy Volunteer (Relawan Demokrasi), in cities/regencies throughout Indonesia. Democracy Volunteer is a program aimed at increasing political participation and election quality. One of the target groups for the voter education is first-time voters. First-time voters are perceived to have distinctive political behavior; their political actions are qualitatively different from other segments of voters. They are also classified as the technology savvy generation. This paper intends to elaborate the Democracy Volunteers' efforts in implementing voter education for first-time voters, and reveal the most suitable voter education model for this segment of voters. The research used qualitative method through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The results show that a voter education model for first-time voters is needed in order that Democracy Volunteers carry out the voter education effectively in achieving the expected goals.

Being Woman in the Land of Shari‘a: Politics of the Female Body, Piety, and Resistance in Langsa, Aceh

Al-Jami ah Journal of Islamic Studies ◽

10.14421/ajis.2014.521.59-83 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Ansor

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Public Space ◽

Religious Leaders ◽

Dress Code ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

The Public ◽

Women Intellectuals ◽

Islamic Dress ◽

This study investigates the dynamic of institutionalization of Shari’a in Aceh, which focuses on analysis of the patterns of Langsa women’s resistance against religious leaders and state interpretations of the dress standards in the public space. This matter emerged because the implementation of Shari’a has been supported by local people, but the standard of Islamic dress that should be applied is still debatable among various groups in Aceh that have varied understandings and different religious visions. The regulation of dress code has been an issue for religious leaders, intellectuals, and Moslem activists. The resistance of Langsa women against the politics of body discipline could be open and secret. To analyze the forms of women’s resistance, the researcher applied James C. Scott’s hidden transcripts theory. Inspired by this theoretical framework, the researcher found that Langsa women, intellectuals, and religious leaders expressed their resistance over how women should dress in public space. In collecting the data, the researcher used observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Accordingly, the research shows how Langsa women express their resistance towards religious hegemony and state interpretation of Islam.[Tulisan ini membahas dinamika pelembagaan syariat Islam di Aceh dengan fokus resistensi tersembunyi perempuan Langsa terhadap penafsiran elite agama dan pemerintah perihal pembakuan standar pakaian di ruang publik. Meskipun implementasi syariat Islam Aceh mendapat dukungan masyarakat setempat, tetapi ketika sebuah tafsir tertentu tentang pakaian Islami dibakukan dalam regulasi (Qanun), muncul perdebatan dari sebagian muslim yang berpola pemikiran dan visi keagamaan berbeda. Bukan hanya perdebatan di kalangan elite agama, intelektual, maupun aktivis, perempuan di berbagai daerah di Aceh pun mengekspresikan resistensi, baik secara terbuka maupun tersembunyi. Peneliti menggunakan teori hidden transcripts sebagaimana dikemukakan James C. Scott untuk menganalisa resistensi tersebut. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, serta diskusi kelompok terfokus (FGD). Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bagaimana perempuan Langsa mengekspresikan resistensi tersembunyi atas hegemoni elite agama dan pemerintah dalam menafsirkan Islam].

Challenges and opportunities associated with cervical cancer screening programs in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01211-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adebola Adedimeji ◽

Rogers Ajeh ◽

Amanda Pierz ◽

Relindis Nkeng ◽

Jackson Ndenkeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Focus Group ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Low Income ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of socio-contextual determinants of access to screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical cancer prevention in women at risk in a low-income, high HIV prevalence context. Methods We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. A two-stage purposive sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided data analyses to identify micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of cervical cancer screening. Results Micro-level factors including lack of awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer, lack of access to information, excessive cost of cervical cancer screening, low risk perceptions, and poor health seeking behaviors were major barriers for women seeking cervical cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Macro-level barriers to cervical cancer screening included poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs. Conclusion In the context of the call for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, our findings highlight challenges and opportunities that should be considered when implementing interventions to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening in low-middle income settings.

Challenges and opportunities associated with cervical cancer screening programs in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

10.21203/rs.2.20620/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adebola Alade Adedimeji ◽

Rogers Ajeh ◽

Amanda Pierz ◽

Relindis Nkeng ◽

Jackson Jr. Nde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Focus Group ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of contextual determinants of access to expanding screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical cancer prevention in women at risk in a high HIV prevalence context. Methods We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. A two-stage systematic sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided data analyses to identify micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of cervical cancer screening. Results Micro-level factors including lack of awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer, lack of access to information on and excessive costs for cervical cancer screening, low risk perceptions, and poor health seeking behaviors were major barriers for women seeking cervical cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Macro-level barriers to cervical cancer screening included poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs. Conclusion In the context of the call for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, our findings highlight challenges and opportunities that should be considered when implementing interventions to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening in low-middle income settings.

Challenges and opportunities associated with cervical cancer screening programs in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

10.21203/rs.2.20620/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adebola Alade Adedimeji ◽

Rogers Ajeh ◽

Amanda Pierz ◽

Relindis Nkeng ◽

Jackson Jr. Nde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Focus Group ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Abstract Background Cervical-cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical-cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of contextual determinants of access to expanding screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical-cancer prevention in women at risk in a high HIV prevalence context. Methods We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. A two-stage systematic sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided data analyses to identify micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of cervical-cancer screening. Results Micro-level factors including lack of awareness and knowledge about cervical-cancer, lack of access to information on and excessive costs for cervical-cancer screening, low risk perceptions, and poor health seeking behaviors were major barriers for women seeking cervical-cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Macro-level barriers to cervical-cancer screening included poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs. Conclusion In the context of the call for elimination of cervical-cancer as a public health problem, our findings highlight challenges and opportunities that can inform the design of effective interventions to increase uptake of cervical-cancer screening.

Implementation of solid waste management policies in Kenya: challenges and opportunities

10.31124/advance.16437345 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dickson Amugsi ◽

Kanyiva Muindi ◽

Blessing Mberu

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Civil Society Organisations ◽

Rich Information ◽

The study used quality methods to collect the data. The data collection was conducted both in Nairobi and Mombasa (two main commercial cities), using in-depth interviews (IDIs), key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). A total of 10 FGDs (Each FGD was made up of 8-12 people), 15 IDIs and 15 KIIs were completed with selected respondents in the two cities. The purposive sampling strategy was used to select respondents who would be better positioned to provide rich information on the subject being investigated. The IDIs and FGDs were conducted with community members and solid waste (SW) workers, including scavengers. while KIIs were conducted with policymakers, civil society organisations, international non-governmental organisations, community-based organisations and national institutions responsible for environmental issues in Kenya. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by professional transcribers, translated into English for interviews conducted in the local language, and validated by an independent transcriber. Thematic analytical approach was employed in the analysis of the data.

Implementation of solid waste management policies in Kenya: challenges and opportunities

10.31124/advance.16437345.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dickson Amugsi ◽

Kanyiva Muindi ◽

Blessing Mberu

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Civil Society Organisations ◽

Rich Information ◽

The study used quality methods to collect the data. The data collection was conducted both in Nairobi and Mombasa (two main commercial cities), using in-depth interviews (IDIs), key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). A total of 10 FGDs (Each FGD was made up of 8-12 people), 15 IDIs and 15 KIIs were completed with selected respondents in the two cities. The purposive sampling strategy was used to select respondents who would be better positioned to provide rich information on the subject being investigated. The IDIs and FGDs were conducted with community members and solid waste (SW) workers, including scavengers. while KIIs were conducted with policymakers, civil society organisations, international non-governmental organisations, community-based organisations and national institutions responsible for environmental issues in Kenya. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by professional transcribers, translated into English for interviews conducted in the local language, and validated by an independent transcriber. Thematic analytical approach was employed in the analysis of the data.

STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF FAKE NEWS (HOAX) THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA RELATED TO THE COVID-19 VACCINE AND PREVENTION EFFORTS TO SUPPORT MASS EXECUTION VACCINE IN INDONESIA

International Journal of Law, Government and Communication ◽

10.35631/ijlgc.624002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (24) ◽

pp. 18-29

Author(s):

Gideon Satria Putra Sugiyanto ◽

Annisa Sabrina Nur Arrasy ◽

Sweeta Melanie

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Fake News ◽

Group Discussions ◽

The Public ◽

Counter Narrative ◽

Social Media Platforms ◽

The Government ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Media Channels ◽

The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on in Indonesia for more than a year since the beginning of 2020. This pandemic has certainly had many negative impacts, both macro, and micro. The Indonesian government has made a lot of efforts to tackle this pandemic both operationally and in socialization to reduce the further spread of vaccine efforts throughout Indonesia. But unfortunately, there is the challenge of spreading fake news related to the COVID-19 vaccine that is troubling the public. The spread of fake news happened quite quickly with digital communication using social media. Research using qualitative methods examines the condition of socialization communication related to the COVID-19 vaccine, fake news, and efforts to overcome it through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The results of the study show that there has been a lot of communication and socialization carried out by the government regarding the COVID-19 vaccine but it has not been structured in one source and there is still minimal anticipation of fake news. As a result, a lot of fake news has spread widely in the community regarding COVID-19, starting from issues related to health and beyond health or safety. Efforts that can be made to minimize the spread of fake news and its dangers include collaboration with various stakeholders, mass and periodic socialization and education on various social media channels, strict penalties for spreading fake news, providing social media platforms or channels to file complaints, create educational content and creative counter-narrative.