Criminal Interests within Political Insurgencies

2016 ◽  
pp. 421-443
Author(s):  
Oscar Palma
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ideal Framework ◽  
Political Character

Insurgencies are progressive and systematic insurrections with political aims. They are usually aimed at the creation of a new state, the liberation of a nation from foreign intervention, the transformation of the political system, or the imposition of a certain way of life. Whereas this political character sets them apart from common criminals, whose main objective is personal profit; in practice, most insurgencies are a combination of criminal and political interests. Solutions that address political grievances or criminal motivations separately, leaving one of them aside, are highly likely to fail, perpetuating violence. Development-centred counterinsurgency seems to be an ideal framework to confront this type of insurgencies. The case of Colombia is examined to observe achievements, failures and challenges.

Pax and the Politics of Peace

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Roman Imperialism ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Pax Romana ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into

This book examines the two generations that spanned the collapse of the Republic and the Augustan period to understand how the concept of pax Romana, as a central ideology of Roman imperialism, evolved. The author argues for the integral nature of pax in understanding the changing dynamics of the Roman state through civil war to the creation of a new political system and world-rule. The period of the late Republic to the early Principate involved changes in the notion of imperialism. This is the story of how peace acquired a central role within imperial discourse over the course of the collapse of the Republican framework to become deployed in the legitimization of the Augustan regime. It is an examination of the movement from the debates over the content of the concept, in the dying Republic, to the creation of an authorized version controlled by the princeps, through an examination of a series of conceptions about peace, culminating with the pax augusta as the first crystallization of an imperial concept of peace. Just as there existed not one but a series of ideas concerning Roman imperialism, so too were there numerous different meanings, applications, and contexts within which Romans talked about ‘peace’. Examining these different nuances allows us insight into the ways they understood power dynamics, and how these were contingent on the political structures of the day. Roman discourses on peace were part of the wider discussion on the way in which Rome conceptualized her Empire and ideas of imperialism.

scholarly journals DATA PROCESSING CENTER AS THE BASIS OF INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE DEFENSE MINISTRY OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (57) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
S. Suhak ◽  
L. Shabanova-Kushnarenko ◽  
M. Siruk ◽  
N. Bihun ◽  
A. Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Political System ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
System Stability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Data Processing Center ◽  
The Creation

Nowadays, the development of information technologies determines the successful functioning of the political system, since they allow to control political processes, prevent social and political conflicts. Increasing the level of reliability of the information, the most effective use of information resources, external and internal information ropes increase the stability of the political system, stability of the socio-political development of the country. The combination of different telecommunication technologies that create the preconditions for building flexible and high-performance service-oriented systems can be used to solve problems in different industries. However, nowadays, one of the constraints on the implementation and further development of such networks is the theoretical under-development of service delivery models, due to the lack of comprehensive information on the structure of data center networks. During the research conducted by the authors, it was found that the data processing center is the basis for informing the defense ministry of Ukraine. During the research, the authors used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the basic provisions of the theory of informatics, the theory of complex technical systems, the theory of information, etc. During the research, the authors substantiated the main tasks that will be performed by the data processing center of the defense ministry of Ukraine, identified the main information and calculation tasks that will be performed by them. The authors also substantiated the requirements for building a data center of the Defense Ministry of Ukraine. The authors evaluated modern technological solutions and software and hardware for the creation of the information infrastructure of the defense ministry of Ukraine. Possible technical and software for building a reliable and secure data processing center of the defense ministry of Ukraine are proposed. Therefore, the prospective direction of further scientific research of the authors should be considered the justification of ways of improvement of informatization of the armed forces of Ukraine and the creation of information infrastructure of the defense ministry of Ukraine are mobile data centers. This will allow the deployment of information infrastructure in various conditions, including in the open space, which is very relevant for the specifics of actions in the east of Ukraine.

Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Jaulin
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Citizenship Regime ◽  
The Way

No major citizenship reform has been adopted in Lebanon since the creation of the Lebanese citizenship in 1924. Moreover, access to citizenship for foreign residents does not depend on established administrative rules and processes, but instead on ad hoc political decisions. The Lebanese citizenship regime is thus characterized by immobilism and discretion. This paper looks at the relationship between citizenship regime and confessional democracy, defined as a system of power sharing between different religious groups. It argues that confessional democracy hinders citizenship reform and paves the way to arbitrary naturalization practices, and that, in turn, the citizenship regime contributes to the resilience of the political system. In other words, the citizenship regime and the political system are mutually reinforcing.

An Indispensable Party of Power? United Russia and Putin’s Return to the Presidency, 2011–14

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Mari Aburamoto
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Creation

United Russia (ur), which has served as one of the pillars of Russian authoritarianism, experienced a radical decline in its support around the time of Putin’s return to Presidency. In this study, I examine the regime’s responses to the declining support for ur by focusing on the nuanced relationship between the regime and ur. Especially important in this context is that ur can be characterized as a “party of power” that is embedded in the political system; this allows the regime to be opportunistic toward the party, but there is also a limitation in the extent that the regime can distance itself from the party. I demonstrate that the regime took various measures, including the creation of the All-Russia People’s Front (onf) to escape the ire of voters; however, the range of responses adopted did not lead to the replacement of ur.

African American Folklore, Folklife, and Race

2018 ◽  
pp. 719-740
Author(s):  
Anand Prahlad
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black People ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
American Folklore ◽  
The Creation

The study of African American folklore has been grounded from its beginnings in the colonial period in discourses and power dynamics of race. This chapter posits that these beginnings have given rise to two folkloristic traditions, with differing agendas, methodologies, aesthetics, relationships to black communities, and investments in race. The mainstream tradition has been aligned with scholarly trends within academe and has seldom focused explicitly on the most pressing concerns of black people, or on the most obvious influence on the creation and expression of black folklore, namely race. The other tradition has been more aligned with the political interests, racial histories, and day-to-day needs of African American communities. This chapter critically examines these two tributaries, relative to issues of race, arguing for an African American folklore and folklife studies that embraces an African American–centered political focus while encompassing the unique intellectual contributions of both.

scholarly journals Fizyk jako element aksjosfery czasów Związku Radzieckiego (na przykładzie reportaży Hanny Krall i Jacka Hugo-Badera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Daria Słupianek-Tajnert
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Social ◽  
Instrumental Values ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
Empirical Material

The article attempts to analyse the conceptualisation of the scientist-physicist based on the examples of selected reportages by Hanna Krall and Jacek Hugo-Bader. The analysis was conducted in an axiolinguistic key and its aim was to confirm the thesis about the important role of physicists in the Soviet axiosphere. It can be observed that in the axiological profile of a physicist, obtained on the basis of an empirical analysis, instrumental values dominate and these are closely connected with the fact that physicists are associated with political interests. Physicists, who function as objects of evaluation in the analysed reportages, are also a means of an indirect evaluation in relation to the political system in the USSR and reflect ways in which the country treats its citizens. The empirical material analysed allows us to conclude that within the Russian linguistic-cultural area, the physicist does not refer us only to a scientist dealing with a specific research discipline, but deserves to be called a concept that reflects a characteristic stage of the social and political life of the USSR, permanently inscribed into the axiosphere of that period.

DISSIDENCE, DICTATORSHIP, AND DEMOCRACY: THE STRUGGLES OF MALIAN EXILES IN AFRICA AND BEYOND, 1968–91

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-261
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Dedieu
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Political System ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Transitions ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Opposition Movements

AbstractIn contrast with the imperial period, historians have overlooked African exile politics during the subsequent decades of one-party and military rule. Focusing on the Malian case, this article proceeds in three parts. The first section explores the creation in Africa, in particular in Ivory Coast and Senegal, of clandestine opposition movements to Moussa Traoré's regime. The second section focuses on Europe, particularly France, where dissidents benefitted from an unparalleled openness of the political system compared to that seen in African countries. The final section investigates the influence of these networks spanning Africa and Europe on the formation of pro-democracy organizations in Mali and the final overthrow of the Traoré regime in 1991. Theorizing exile as a process which enabled activists to operate in abeyance despite repression – before being able to emerge more openly – refines our understanding of political transitions which were driven by the juncture of internal and external dynamics.

Westminster and the Victorian Constitution

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 79-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Quinault
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
Adjacent Buildings ◽  
Political Character

The British constitution is unwritten, but not unbuilt. The character of Britain's government buildings reflects the nature of its political system. This is particularly true with respect to the Houses of Parliament. They were almost entirely rebuilt after a fire, in 1834, which seriously damaged the House of Commons and adjacent buildings. The new Houses of Parliament were the most magnificent and expensive public buildings erected in Queen Victoria's reign. Their architectural evolution has been meticulously chronicled by a former Honorary Secretary of the Royal Historical Society, Professor Michael Port. But constitutionalists and historians have shewn little or no interest in the political character of the Victorian Houses of Parliament. Walter Bagehot, in his famous study, The English Constitution, published in 1867, made no reference to the newly completed Houses of Parliament. Likewise most modern books on Victorian political and constitutional history make no mention of die rebuilding.

scholarly journals The Croatian issue and the evolution of the political system in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the stabilization period (1995–2004)

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-206
Author(s):  
Denis P. Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Election Law ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Stabilization Period

The article is devoted to the evolution of the state-legal position of the Bosnian Croats in the context of the political transformation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, caused by the gradual revision of the Dayton Accords. From the author’s point of view, originally the political system of the postwar BiH was a compromise option between the Vance–Owen and the Owen–Stoltenberg peace plans, which did not fully satisfy any of the main national communities in BiH. The Bosnian Croats, as the smallest constituent people, did not get their own entity, although at the beginning of the ethno-civil confrontation in BiH the Bosnian Croats raised the question of national equality and the federalization of the country. Special attention in the article has been paid to the institution of the international oversight, which has limited the sovereignty of BiH — the Office of the High Representative. The author details the amending of the election law as well as the process of the constitutional reformation, initiated by the High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch, and demonstrates that the centralization policy in BiH is pursued by external, supranational organizations in order to integrate BiH into euro-atlantic structures to the disadvantage of the Bosnian Croat political interests. As a result of the reforms FBiH, formally the Entity of Croats and Muslims, de facto was put under control of Bosnian Muslims.

scholarly journals The historical choice of the Holy Prince Vladimir in the formation of Russian philosophy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
A.V. Shmeleva
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
State Construction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Artistic Image

Grand Prince Vladimir of Kiev, becoming a Christian, has changed the political system of ancient Rus' and their choice to determine the vector of further state construction - the creation of a powerful Russian empire. Adoption of Christianity contributed to the development of the conciliar consciousness. Reverence of the memory of Grand Duke was expressed in the construction of temples, the establishment of the highest state awards, in the reconstruction of the artistic image in literature.

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