Indigenous Management and Bottom of Pyramid Countries

Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science - Managerial Strategies and Practice in the Asian Business Sector ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9758-4.ch007 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 107-123

Author(s):

Ron Berger

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Capita Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Business Research ◽

Indigenous Management ◽

National Institutions ◽

Bottom Of Pyramid ◽

International Business Research ◽

Per Capita

Recent research on indigenous management has created the potential for more diverse, and innovative international business research (Holtbrugge, Narayanan and Wang, 2011). In this conceptual chapter, I extend the existing literature on indigenous management, with an integration into, bottom of pyramid country research such as India (Prahalad and Hart, 2004; London and Hart, 2004; Berger, 2014). In the 21st century, eighty percent of the world's population is still considered developing, i.e. having a per capita income of less than U.S. $1,000 dollars per year. Most of these are emerging. This chapter focuses on the importance of national institutions and their potential lessons for, bottom of pyramid countries. I argue that national institutions play a key role in indigenous management research, through their positive impact on the, development of bottom of pyramid countries.

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Indigenous Management and Bottom of Pyramid Countries

International Business ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch079 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 1718-1733

Author(s):

Ron Berger

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Capita Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Business Research ◽

Indigenous Management ◽

National Institutions ◽

Bottom Of Pyramid ◽

International Business Research ◽

Per Capita

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The Impact of Per Capita Income and Labour Absorption toward Poverty Level in Gorontalo Province

Jambura Equilibrium Journal ◽

10.37479/jej.v2i1.4496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nelvi Oktaviani R Gobel ◽

Sri Endang Saleh

Keyword(s):

Capita Income ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Series Data ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact ◽

Labour Absorption

This research aims to investigate the impact of per capita income and labour absorption toward poverty level in Gorontalo Province during 2012-2017. This research uses time-series data model from secondary datasets that is obtained from Central Statistics Bureau (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS). Main findings of this research shows that per capita income has negative impact on poverty level in Gorontalo province while labour absorption has positive impact on poverty level in Gorontalo Province. Keywords: Poverty; Per Capita Income; Labor Absorption

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CO2 Emissions, Financial Development, Trade, and Income in North America: A Spatial Panel Data Approach

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020968085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 215824402096808

Author(s):

Haider Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Capita Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Spatial Effects ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Spatial Panel Data ◽

Per Capita

The current study attempts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions per capita considering spatial effects for a panel of 21 North American countries. The results corroborate the existence of spatial dependence in per capita carbon dioxide emissions and its determinants. Adverse environmental spillover effects are found for all hypothesized determinants while per capita income showed a positive impact. Furthermore, the existence of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is proven with a turning point of 15,665 constant U.S. dollar per capita income, and 6 of the 21 investigated countries are found at the second stage of an inverted U-shaped relationship. An inverted U-shaped relationship between trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions per capita has also been found. Financial market development (foreign direct investment) seems to have monotonic positive (negative) effects.

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The great escape? The contribution of the empire to Portugal's economic growth, 1500–1800

European Review of Economic History ◽

10.1093/ereh/heu019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Leonor Freire Costa ◽

Nuno Palma ◽

Jaime Reis

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Seventeenth Century ◽

Early Modern ◽

Dynamic Model ◽

Capita Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Domestic Economy ◽

Colonial Expansion ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Newly assembled macroeconomic statistics for early modern Portugal reveal one of Europe's most vigorous colonial traders but one of its least successful growth records. Was the empire a blessing or a drag to the economy? Using an estimated dynamic model, we conclude that intercontinental trade had a substantial and increasingly positive impact on economic growth. In the heyday of colonial expansion, eliminating the economic links to empire would have reduced Portugal's per capita income by at least a fifth. While the empire helped the domestic economy, it was not sufficient to annul the tendency of the latter toward decline in relation to Europe's advanced core, which began to set in from the seventeenth century onward, but only became definite after 1800. We conclude that the explanation for Portugal's long-term backwardness must be sought primarily in domestic conditions.

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Spatial Analysis of the Relationship Between Income and Consumption of the Population Based on Panel Data

Voprosy statistiki ◽

10.34023/2313-6383-2021-28-2-128-139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 128-139

Author(s):

I. A. Lakman ◽

V. M. Timiryanova ◽

D. V. Popov

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Capita Income ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Spatial Error ◽

Spatial Dependencies ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Relationship

The article presents results of a study on influence of population dynamics, regional characteristics and the type structure of income on consumption. The ability to investigate spatial dependencies and territorial effects over time was made possible by autoregression spatial models built on panel data. The article describes features of such models, sequence of calculations, and also presents modified tests to justify the choice of the model specification.Calculations were made using data from 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (cross-sectional observations) for 2010–2019 (10 time periods). The analysis showed that both population income and retail turnover, which largely determine the level and structure of population consumption, have spatial dependencies. The built spatial error model with fixed effects showed a positive influence on population consumption in the neighboring territories. The model also confirmed previously identified relationships: the positive impact of average per capita income and the negative impact of the Gini index on consumption. The built model with fixed effects allowed to isolate the individual effects of the territories, visualized using cartogram. On the basis of these assessments, several groups of territories with common properties and characteristics have been identified.Unlike previously built models, the authors’ spatial error autoregression model, built on panel data, took into account both the geographical heterogeneity and spatial dependence of average per capita income and retail turnover, expanding the existing understanding of the relationship between consumption and income. This, in turn, enables management decisions that take into account previously undetected features and enhance their validity.

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Impact of Remittance on Household Income, Consumption and Poverty Reduction of Nepal

Economic Literature ◽

10.3126/el.v13i0.19148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Nirajan Bam ◽

Rajesh Kumar Thagurathi ◽

Deepak Neupane

Keyword(s):

Capita Income ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Living Standard ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Poor Quintile ◽

Consumption Level ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

The study aims to identify the impact of remittance income on household per capita income, consumption, poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap by using simple linear and log linear regression model furthermore it focused on to identify the gap of income and consumption level of upper and poor quintile population and compare the income and consumption level of different development region of Nepal by using data of Nepal living standard survey III.It was found that,remittance income has statistically significant positive impact on household per capita income and consumption.There is significant negative relationship between remittance income and proportion of poor quintile population and significant positive relationship between remittance income and richest quintile population. It indicates that due to remittance income lower quintile population was decreased significantly and richest quintile population was increased significantly. Furthermore there is inverse relationship between remittance and poverty head count ratio and poverty gap, which indicates increment on average per capita remittance income reduce the poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap. Economic Literature, Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8

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The impact of income growth on quality structure improvement of imported food: evidence from China's firm-level data

China Agricultural Economic Review ◽

10.1108/caer-03-2019-0055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 647-671

Author(s):

Lin Sun ◽

Li Tao Ye ◽

Michael R. Reed

Keyword(s):

Food Quality ◽

Capita Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

High Quality ◽

Content Type ◽

Structure Improvement ◽

Imported Food ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

PurposeAgainst the background of the rapid increase of total imported food in China, China's imported high-quality food has increased more than low-quality ones, and China's imported food quality structure has continuously improved. It is a new issue that needs further examination.Design/methodology/approachBased on the assumption of non-homothetic preference, this paper apply the method provided by Eaton and Kortum (2002) in a new theoretical model and empirically analyzes the impact of per capita income on the quality structure of imported food by using SYS-GMM with firm import data from Chinese customs.FindingsThe study finds that income is a significant factor which affects the imported food quality structure in China. The higher the per capita income, the higher the imported food quality structure. Furthermore, per capita income has a significant positive impact on the imported food quality structure in different quality groups. The research confirms that China import more food with the highest quality as its per capita income increases.Research limitations/implicationsChinese policymaker needs to reconsider the role of food imports in improving food quality structure. The aim of the Chinese food industry's supply-side reform should be not only to remove excess capacity but also to produce high-quality products that meet the demand of discriminating consumers.Originality/valueThis paper constructs a new theme for imported food quality structure and investigates import food quality structure improvement from the perspective of demand by incorporating non-homothetic preferences. Another feature of this paper is that it conducts an empirical analysis with unique and highly disaggregated firm import data from Chinese customs to measure imported food quality, which is more refined than the national-product dimension data.

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The Role of ICT and Human Capital Development in Pursuing a Demographic Dividend and Improving Economic Welfare in Indonesia

The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning ◽

10.46456/jisdep.v1i2.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 113-124

Author(s):

Nurarifin ◽

Sedwivia Ridena

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Capita Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Economic Welfare ◽

Demographic Dividend ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Point Increase ◽

Per Capita

This article aims to provide evidence that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and human development play an important role in pursuing a demographic dividend and accelerating economic welfare in Indonesia by exploiting provincial data from 2012 to 2017. The empirical evidence implemented in this research is Two-Stage Least Squares and dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) techniques. The results show that a 1%-point rise in ICT development growth potentially leads to an approximately 0.24%-point increase in economic welfare growth, whereas an in life expectancy may decrease GDP per capita. The analysis also finds that a 1%-point increase in the ratio of the participation rate will promote a nearly 0.16%-point rise in per capita output. Meanwhile, a 1%-point increase in the share of the working-age population will generate roughly 0.19%-point rise in per capita income. A recent paper suggests that policymakers have to promote more supportive ICT and human development policies to pursue a demographic dividend since even though they have a positive impact on per capita income, the magnitude remains relatively low.

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Prediction of changing climatic effect and risk management by using simulation approaches for rice-wheat system in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v44i2.41820 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 311-326

Author(s):

MK Hasan ◽

S Akhter ◽

MAH Chowdhury ◽

AK Chaki ◽

MRA Chawdhery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Capita Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Global Circulation Models ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

A study was carried out on the impact of climate change in rice-wheat systems on farmers’ livelihood in Dinajpur region of Bangladesh to evaluate the usefulness of the implication of simulation approaches to predict climate change effect and to manage risk for this cropping system. Trade-off analysis for multidimensional impact assessment (TOA-MD) model was used in the study with a combination of simulated baseline production and future simulated yield using Decision Support Systems for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) and Agricultural Production Systems SIMulator (APSIM) in rice and wheat production system. Five different climate scenarios of Global Circulation Models (GCMs) were considered. The projections showed to have a negative economic impact between 50 and 82% for the difference in the magnitude and in the impact of different GCMs which was not possible to overcome. The survey revealed that northwest region of Bangladesh is likely to be affected by climate change and has high levels of vulnerability due to limited access to alternative livelihood activities other than farming. Simulation results showed no additional economic gain from wheat cultivation under changed climatic conditions, but increased economic profit was obtained from rice cultivation due to increased productivity trend. Therefore, study suggests an adaptation package of 50 mm additional irrigation water for wheat cultivation that could be an appropriate strategy to mitigate climate change risk in wheat cultivation. This practice had a positive impact on projected per capita income gains of about 2.05%in the study area and reduced poverty rate by about 1.99%. The study also revealed that prediction of the APSIM model for adaptation impact of climate change on economic return and per capita income of farmers was superior to DSSAT model. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 311-326, June 2019

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Government Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

Journal of Economics and Public Finance ◽

10.22158/jepf.v4n2p156 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victor E. Oriavwote ◽

Andrew Ukawe

Keyword(s):

Granger Causality ◽

Government Spending ◽

Capita Income ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Government Expenditure ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Causality Test ◽

Per Capita

This research investigates the relevance of government expenditure on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The main objective is thus to investigate whether the poverty reduction efforts through government spending has actually translated into a reduction in the poverty level. The study covered the period between 1980 and 2016. The ECM model and cointegration models of the OLS as well as the granger causality techniques were used to analyze the data. The result of the ADF unit root test indicates that all the variables are I(1). The result of the Johansen cointegration indicates the existence of a long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The result of the parsimonious ECM indicates that though the one period lag government expenditure on health has a significant and positive impact on the per capita income, it has a low elasticity. The result indicates further that government expenditure on education has a significant and positive impact on the per capita income. The result indicates further that government expenditure on building and construction has a significant and positive impact on the per capita income, the elasticity is however very low. The granger causality test result indicates no causality between government expenditure on health and education. A bicausal relationship however exists between government expenditure on education and per capita income. The result shows no causality between government expenditure on building and construction and the per capita income. The result recommends amongst others an increment and proper monitoring of government spending which could be enhanced through public private partnership.

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