The Impact of School Leadership and Professional Development on Professional Commitment

2016 ◽  
pp. 260-275
Author(s):  
John K. Rugutt ◽  
Caroline C. Chemosit ◽  
Viviline Ngeno ◽  
Dorothy Soi
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level 2

This study used hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) approach to investigate the impact of school leadership, professional development, gender and teaching experience on professional commitment with a sample of 396 elementary and secondary school teachers and administrators from Kenya. The HLM results indicate significant differences among schools (?2 (49) = 218.92, p<0.001), with an intra-class correlation of 0.3183 indicating that 31.83% of variance in professional commitment was among schools. When professional development and school leadership were used as level 2 predictor variables with no level 1 predictors, the school variability dropped from 4.73584 to 3.30865 indicating that 30.14% of variance in school professional commitment was due to school leadership and professional development (?2 (47) = 161.67, p<0.001). Further, the reliability of the sample means in any school for the true mean school professional commitment was 0.703.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ignoring a Crossed Factor in Cross-Classified Multilevel Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Yoonhwa Jeong ◽  
Sehee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Random Effect Modeling ◽  
Error Bias ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level 2

The present study investigated estimate biases in cross-classified random effect modeling (CCREM) and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) when ignoring a crossed factor in CCREM considering the impact of the feeder and the magnitude of coefficients. There were six simulation factors: the magnitude of coefficient, the correlation between the level 2 residuals, the number of groups, the average number of individuals sampled from each group, the intra-unit correlation coefficient, and the number of feeders. The targeted interests of the coefficients were four fixed effects and two random effects. The results showed that ignoring a crossed factor in cross-classified data causes a parameter bias for the random effects of level 2 predictors and a standard error bias for the fixed effects of intercepts, level 1 predictors, and level 2 predictors. Bayesian information criteria generally outperformed Akaike information criteria in detecting the correct model.

Online Teacher Education: Exploring the Impact of a Reading and Literacy Program on Student Learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Barbara Weschke ◽  
Dr. Raymond Barclay ◽  
Kirk Vandersall
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Elementary Reading ◽  
Online Program ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Urban Public School ◽  
Teacher Data ◽  
The Impact

This study presents findings from an investigation of the impact of teachers who graduated from a fully online master’s degree program with training in pedagogy and a content-specialization in elementary reading and literacy (oERL) on reading achievement in a large urban public school system in the northwestern United States. The research team used a non-equivalent group design and matched pairs of teachers based on degree, grade-level taught, and teaching experience to construct the study on three years of student and teacher data. The study consisted of 70 teachers and 3,828 student observations. Hierarchical linear modeling was employed to understand the teachers’ effects on student learning over time. Results indicate there was a significant positive effect of the oERL on student achievement. Broadly, this study is an example of a serious attempt to ascertain the impact of a high demand and fully online program on the community where graduates are employed. More narrowly, these results support the view that a fully online program aimed at training teachers, a rarity in graduate education, can provide opportunities for those teachers to obtain the pedagogical content knowledge that can positively influence instructional effectiveness.  

scholarly journals Rhythmic Features of Movement Synchrony for Bonding Individuals in Dyadic Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Fujiwara ◽  
Masanori Kimura ◽  
Ikuo Daibo
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Wavelet Coherence ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Bonding Effect ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
Movement Synchrony ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examined ways in which rhythmic features of movement contribute to bonding between individuals. Though previous studies have described synchrony as a form of social glue, this research extends those findings to consider the impact of fast versus slow tempo on movement synchrony. This two-part experiment examined dyadic interactions as they occurred between same-sex strangers (Study 1) and friends (Study 2). Participants were video-recorded as they engaged in 5- or 6-min chats, and synchrony was evaluated using wavelet transform via calculations of cross-wavelet coherence. Study 1 employed regression commonality analysis and hierarchical linear modeling and found that among various frequency bands, rapport between individuals was positively associated with synchrony under 0.025 Hz (i.e., slower than once every 40 s) and 0.5–1.5 Hz (i.e., once every 0.67–2 s). On the contrary, Study 2 determined that synchrony of 0.5–1.5 Hz was not impactful among friend dyads and only predictive of the motivation to cultivate a friendly relationship during interactions with strangers. These results indicate the existence of a distinctive rhythm for bonding individuals, and the role of pre-existing friendship as a moderator of the bonding effect of synchrony. However, the role of relative phase (i.e., timing of movement; same versus opposite timing) remains unclear, as the ratio of in- and anti-phase patterning had no significant influence on perceived rapport and motivation to develop relationships. On the basis of the research results, a theoretical contribution is proposed to the study of interpersonal coordination.

Knowledge Sharing, Organizational Climate, and Innovative Behavior: A Cross-Level Analysis of Effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Yu ◽  
Tsai-Fang Yu ◽  
Chin-Cheh Yu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Innovation Climate ◽  
The Impact

We investigated individual-level knowledge sharing and innovative behavior of employees, organizational innovation climate, and interactions between the individual level of knowledge sharing and the climate of innovation within the organization as a whole. Employees of public corporations in the Taiwanese finance and insurance industries participated in this study. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) indicated a positive association between knowledge sharing and innovative behavior and a positive association between organizational innovation climate and innovative behavior. According to the results of HLM organizational innovation climate did not act as a moderator on the impact of knowledge sharing on innovative behavior.

Converting service encounters into cross-selling opportunities

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 491-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yu ◽  
Paul Patterson ◽  
Ko de Ruyter
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Performance

Purpose – This paper aims to examine how the motivation and ability of individual employees to sell influences their units’ capability to align their service delivery with sales in a way that satisfies customers. It also addresses the potential influence of employees’ confidence in their supervisor’s ability to sell, such that they predict a joint influence of personal and proxy agency. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses hierarchical linear modeling to address the research issues. Findings – Employees’ learning orientation has a positive influence on service-sales ambidexterity, but the impact of a performance-avoidance goal orientation is negative, and a performance-prove orientation has no influence. Proxy efficacy enhances the positive impact of learning orientations due to the manager’s ability to lead by example, facilitate knowledge sharing and provide advice. However, it attenuates the impact of self-efficacy on service-sales ambidexterity, because skilled supervisors tend to take over and eliminate opportunities for employees to build their own skills. It also confirms the positive influence of service-sales ambidexterity on branch performance. Originality/value – To examine the emerging service-sales ambidexterity issues raised in frontline service units, this study adopts a motivation and capability paradigm. It is among the first studies to address service-sales ambidexterity issues by considering both individual and branch contextual factors.

The Impact of Neighborhood Characteristics on Housing Prices-An Application of Hierarchical Linear Modeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Lee Chun Chang ◽  
Hui-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modelling ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristic ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
The Impact

Housing data are of a nested nature as houses are nested in a village, a town, or a county. This study thus applies HLM (hierarchical linear modelling) in an empirical study by adding neighborhood characteristic variables into the model for consideration. Using the housing data of 31 neighborhoods in the Taipei area as analysis samples and three HLM sub-models, this study discusses the impact of neighborhood characteristics on house prices. The empirical results indicate that the impact of various neighborhood characteristics on average housing prices is different and that the impact of house characteristics on house prices is also moderated by neighborhood characteristics.

The Effects Of Teacher- And School-Level Factors On Teachers Participation In Professional Development Activities: The Role Of Principal Leadership

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Gumus
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Level ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set

It is well reported in the literature that professional development activities have great potential to increase teachers competencies in different areas, resulting in greater learning opportunities for students. In Turkey, however, teachers participation in professional development activities is significantly lower compared to almost all developed countries. In this context, this study aims to explore the different teacher- and school-level factors associated with teachers participation in professional development activities in Turkey by using a nationally representative data set from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and employing a multi-level statistical analysis with Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). Results of the study show that several teacher- and school-level factors are significantly associated with teachers level of participation in professional development activities in Turkey. Specifically, the significant role of school principals in teachers professional development is explored. It is therefore suggested that school principals should be educated on the importance of in-service professional development activities for teachers and their significant role in this matter.

Curriculum and Implementation Effects on High School Students' Mathematics Learning From Curricula Representing Subject-Specific and Integrated Content Organizations

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Grouws ◽  
James E. Tarr ◽  
Óscar Chávez ◽  
Ruthmae Sears ◽  
Victor M. Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Integrated Curriculum ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Subject Specific

This study examined the effect of 2 types of mathematics content organization on high school students' mathematics learning while taking account of curriculum implementation and student prior achievement. The study involved 2,161 students in 10 schools in 5 states. Within each school, approximately 1/2 of the students studied from an integrated curriculum (Course 1) and 1/2 studied from a subject-specific curriculum (Algebra 1). Hierarchical linear modeling with 3 levels showed that students who studied from the integrated curriculum were significantly advantaged over students who studied from a subject-specific curriculum on 3 end-of-year outcome measures: Test of Common Objectives, Problem Solving and Reasoning Test, and a standardized achievement test. Opportunity to learn and teaching experience were significant moderating factors.

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