A Systematic Approach towards the Typology of Functions of National Health System

2016 ◽  
pp. 1228-1256
Author(s):  
Mostafa Zamanian ◽  
Zohreh Karimmian
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Health System ◽  
National Development ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
National Systems

As one of the main national systems in any country, the health system has always been considered by governments. What distinguishes health system from other systems is that its purpose is directly related to the public health. Different countries adopt different structural patterns in this field but one can consider relatively common functions for a national health system which includes all functional aspects for this system. In recent years, attempts have been made for offering a comprehensive model in describing the functions. The OECD determined principles needed to offer an appropriate typology that should be independent of the names of health programs in different countries. In this chapter, it's tried to provide an overview of the proposed models for structures and functions of the health system and to propose a comprehensive model for it with an emphasis on theoretical aspects of public policy-making and binding functions in any national development system. This comprehensive model, provides the possibility to evaluate the success of a health system.

A Systematic Approach towards the Typology of Functions of National Health System

2016 ◽  
pp. 179-212
Author(s):  
Mostafa Zamanian ◽  
Zohreh Karimmian
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Health System ◽  
National Development ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
National Systems

As one of the main national systems in any country, the health system has always been considered by governments. What distinguishes health system from other systems is that its purpose is directly related to the public health. Different countries adopt different structural patterns in this field but one can consider relatively common functions for a national health system which includes all functional aspects for this system. In recent years, attempts have been made for offering a comprehensive model in describing the functions. The OECD determined principles needed to offer an appropriate typology that should be independent of the names of health programs in different countries. In this chapter, it's tried to provide an overview of the proposed models for structures and functions of the health system and to propose a comprehensive model for it with an emphasis on theoretical aspects of public policy-making and binding functions in any national development system. This comprehensive model, provides the possibility to evaluate the success of a health system.

An American Perspective of the Dental and Public Health Initiatives in Cuba

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110301
Author(s):  
Colleen Watson ◽  
Laura Rhein ◽  
Stephanie M. Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
The Us

Aim: To compare following the Cuban Revolution, Cuba’s economy and civil society was transformed by the initiation of a program of nationalization and political consolidation. The Cuban government operates a national health system and assumes fiscal and administrative responsibility for the healthcare of its citizens. Other industrialized nations continue to surpass the US in health-related outcomes indicating areas of improvement in its healthcare system. Assessing the successes and failures as well as the advantages and disadvantages of other countries’ healthcare systems may be instrumental in the development of modifications to the organization and delivery system of healthcare in the US. This paper aims to report the information attained from previous literature as well as from first-hand observations from a public health trip to Cuba in order to compare the healthcare systems in Cuba and the United States. Materials and Methods: A group of New York University College of Dentistry faculty and students traveled to Cuba in April 2019 for professional research and professional meetings (CFR 515.564). While in Cuba, the researchers took written notes of the lecture-based material and conversations. Upon return to the United States, published literature was searched for the collection of any additional data and all qualitative data and quantitative data was compiled and organized. Since 1959, Cuba has made continuous adjustments and improvements to its universal, free and accessible healthcare system. Results: There have been notable improvements to the country’s public health status, such as the implementation of an immunization program and subsequent eradication of communicable diseases, such as polio and rubella. Additionally, the implementation of the National Program on Dentistry guarantees dental care to all Cuban children under the age of 19. Today, the Cuban National Health System (NHS) initiatives have evolved to combat the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Conclusion: Recognizing the advantages as well as the disadvantages of the Cuba’s National Health System (NHS) would be useful for future policymakers in the United States. Cuban approaches to health could be tailored to the United States environment to improve healthcare effectiveness and population health status in the future.

Repackaging Primary Healthcare in Odisha: Can ‘Task Shifting’ to AYUSH Doctors Address Human Resources Deficit?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097206342110351
Author(s):  
Shridhar Kadam ◽  
Bhuputra Panda ◽  
Srinivas Nallala ◽  
Sanghamitra Pati ◽  
Mohammed Akhtar Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Task Shifting ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

Provision of primary healthcare in India received thrust of National Health Policy 2017. Vacancy, chronic absenteeism and non-availability of allopathic doctors is a chronic problem of the public health system. Engagement of alternative human resources could get the ailing health system rid of this shortage. AYUSH doctors in Odisha are involved in clinical and public health activities since 1970s. This study aims to examine perspectives of key stakeholders on ‘task shifting’ as a possible policy alternative. We reviewed the policies and guidelines of government of Odisha on human resources deployment, recruitment, retention and terms of reference of their engagement in the public health sector. Further, 76 AYUSH doctors and 30 key informants were interviewed. Ethical clearance was obtained beforehand. Most AYUSH doctors were involved in monitoring and supervising community-based public health programmes and village-level health service providers, respectively. Their involvement in the implementation of national health programmes was found to range from 8% to 62%. A sizeable proportion of AYUSH doctors had not been trained on management of national vector borne disease control, Tuberculosis control, immunisation (RI) and disease surveillance. More than 70% of respondents showed interest in implementing and managing public health programmes. Almost all key informants recommended for improved involvement of AYUSH doctors in public health activities. Inadequate logistics support, insufficient training on public health and unequal administrative authorities was perceived to be systemic bottlenecks. Job enrichment, management capacity development, and pre-deployment orientation of AYUSH doctors may precede the opportunity of ‘task-shifting’ of public health functions.

scholarly journals The Privatization of the Italian National Health System and its Impact on Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: The COVID-19 Case

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142110249
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Buzelli ◽  
Tammy Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
National Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Public

Hospitals play a critical role in providing essential care during emergencies; however, this essential care can overwhelm the functional capacity of health systems. In Italy, substantial cuts in funding have drastically reduced the resources of the National Health Service (NHS) and contributed to the expansion of the private health sector which, unlike the public health system, does not have the capacity to deal with a health emergency such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this article is to show how the privatization of the NHS contributed to making Italy more vulnerable and unprepared to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. The available capacity and resources in the public and private emergency services systems in Italy are compared, including a focus on the numbers of hospital staff, hospitals, and hospital beds. The reduced funding and subsequent shortfalls in services in the NHS are reasons why extreme measures were needed to increase these resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. A public NHS in Italy would be better prepared for future health emergencies. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic can help to inform future health systems strategies, to halt the current financial decline and performance loss of national health systems, and to enable better preparation for future health emergencies.

scholarly journals Stand Up to Cancer 2012 and 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Diane Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Public Service ◽  
National Health System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attention Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Politics Of Medicine

In a fragmenting attention economy, the stakes for television (TV) and for the public service broadcaster are particularly high. This article looks at the different strategies at play in the British broadcaster C4’s adaptation of the US-originated Stand Up to Cancer telethon format to present its particular voice and brand in this ecology. This intervention into the politics of medicine is analysed in relation to the discourses of neo-liberalism which, it is argued, have increasingly become part of the mode of address of British factual TV content and have increasingly defined the working of the country’s national health system.

scholarly journals Ρύθμιση και μεταρρυθμίσεις του εθνικού συστήματος υγείας στην Ελλάδα: συγκρίσεις με την ευρωπαϊκή εμπειρία

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Λίλα Αντωνοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
National Health System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Budget

<p>The Greek National Health System (ESY) has<br />undergone many attempts for reform. The<br />fi rst one is traced back during the fi rst years<br />after its foundation in 1983 and the last one<br />is dated during 2005. Following a description<br />of the characteristics and the development<br />of the ESY, this study reviews the tendencies<br />of its reforms interpreting them according to<br />criteria which stem from the Greek experience<br />of economic and social development. The<br />comparison of the ESY’s development with<br />the potential outcomes of the national health<br />systems of other European countries, due<br />to recent reforms, is approached from the<br />perspective that these reforms have the<br />tendency to transfer the weight of fi nancing,<br />especially in the case of the public hospital,<br />away from the national budget upon private<br />family budgets.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the Diabetes Mellitus Strategy for the National Health System: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Marta González-Touya ◽  
Rocío Carmona ◽  
Antonio Sarría-Santamera
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health problem. Macrovascular complications (stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and lower limb amputations (LLAs) represent the leading cause of morbi-mortality in DM. This work aims to evaluate the impact of the approval of the Diabetes Mellitus Strategy of the National Health System (SDM-NHS) on hospitalizations for those macrovascular complications related to DM; (2) Methods: Interrupted time series applying segmented regression models (Negative Binomial) adjusted for seasonality to data from hospital discharge records with a primary or secondary diagnosis of DM (code 250 ICD9MC); (3) Results: Between 2001 and 2015, there have been 7,302,750 hospital discharges with a primary or secondary diagnosis of DM. After the approval of the SDM-NHS, all the indicators showed a downward trend, modifying the previous trend in the indicators of AMI and LLA. The indicators of stroke and AMI also showed an immediate reduction in their rates; (4) Conclusions: After the approval of the SDM-NHS, an improvement has been observed in all the indicators of macrovascular complications of DM evaluated, although it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between the strategy and the effects observed. Interrupted time series is applicable for evaluating the impact of interventions in public health when experimental designs are not possible.

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