A Techno-Economic Perspective of Constrained Application Protocol

2017 ◽  
pp. 251-267
Author(s):  
Tapio Levä ◽  
Mahya Ilaghi ◽  
Vilen Looga ◽  
Miika Komu ◽  
Nicklas Beijar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Constrained Application Protocol ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Web

Among billions of Internet enabled devices that are expected to surround us in the near future, many will be resource constrained, i.e., will have limited power supply, processing power and memory. To cope with these limitations, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) has been recently introduced as a lightweight alternative to HTTP for connecting the resource limited devices to the Web. Although the new protocol offers solid technical advantages, it remains uncertain whether a successful uptake will follow, as it depends also on its economic feasibility for the involved stakeholders. Therefore, this paper studies the techno-economic feasibility of CoAP using a systematic methodological framework. Based on eleven expert interviews complemented with a literature survey, the paper identifies potential deployment challenges for CoAP, both technical and business-related, and suggests approaches to overcome them. The findings should facilitate the uptake of CoAP by supporting the potential adopters of the protocol in their decision-making.

Adoption of Constrained Application Protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Tapio Levä ◽  
Mahya Ilaghi ◽  
Vilen Looga ◽  
Miika Komu ◽  
Nicklas Beijar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Constrained Application Protocol ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Web

Among billions of Internet enabled devices that are expected to surround us in the near future, many will be resource constrained, i.e., will have limited power supply, processing power and memory. To cope with these limitations, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) has been recently introduced as a lightweight alternative to HTTP for connecting the resource limited devices to the Web. Although the new protocol offers solid technical advantages, it remains uncertain whether a successful uptake will follow, as it depends also on its economic feasibility for the involved stakeholders. Therefore, this paper studies the techno-economic feasibility of CoAP using a systematic methodological framework. Based on eleven expert interviews complemented with a literature survey, the paper identifies potential deployment challenges for CoAP, both technical and business-related, and suggests approaches to overcome them. The findings should facilitate the uptake of CoAP by supporting the potential adopters of the protocol in their decision-making.

scholarly journals Microgrid as a Cost-Effective Alternative to Rural Network Underground Cabling for Adequate Reliability

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Uski ◽  
Erkka Rinne ◽  
Janne Sarsama
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Islanded Operation

Microgrids can be used for securing the supply of power during network outages. Underground cabling of distribution networks is another effective but conventional and expensive alternative to enhance the reliability of the power supply. This paper first presents an analysis method for the determination of microgrid power supply adequacy during islanded operation and, second, presents a comparison method for the overall cost calculation of microgrids versus underground cabling. The microgrid power adequacy during a rather long network outage is required in order to indicate high level of reliability of the supply. The overall cost calculation considers the economic benefits and costs incurred, combined for both the distribution network company and the consumer. Whereas the microgrid setup determines the islanded-operation power adequacy and thus the reliability of the supply, the economic feasibility results from the normal operations and services. The methods are illustrated by two typical, and even critical, case studies in rural distribution networks: an electric-heated detached house and a dairy farm. These case studies show that even in the case of a single consumer, a microgrid option could be more economical than network renovation by underground cabling of a branch in order to increase the reliability.

scholarly journals Series Compensation of Transmission Systems: A Literature Survey

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Camilo Andrés Ordóñez ◽  
Antonio Gómez-Expósito ◽  
José María Maza-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Series Compensation ◽  
Near Future

This paper reviews the basics of series compensation in transmission systems through a literature survey. The benefits that this technology brings to enhance the steady state and dynamic operation of power systems are analyzed. The review outlines the evolution of the series compensation technologies, from mechanically operated switches to line- and self-commutated power electronic devices, covering control issues, different applications, practical realizations, and case studies. Finally, the paper closes with the major challenges that this technology will face in the near future to achieve a fully decarbonized power system.

Vibration of Asymmetric Rotor through Critical Speed with Limited Power Supply

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Iwatsubo ◽  
H. Kanki ◽  
R. Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Asymmetric Rotor ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Stationary Vibration ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Limited Power Supply ◽  
The Many ◽  
Driving Torque

The non-stationary vibration of an asymmetric rotor with limited power supply is studied using the asymptotic method. The many factors which affect the transient vibrating behaviour of the asymmetric rotor in passing through critical speed are studied in relation to the amplitude of motion, phase angle, energy, etc. by numerical calculation; that is, stiffness ratio of the asymmetric rotor, damping coefficients, driving torque (during both acceleration and deceleration) and so on. The experimental study using a simple model is added.

scholarly journals Survey of SLAM in Low-Resourced Hardware

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ismail Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Small Robot ◽  
Robot Platform

Many of researches in SLAM are targeting desktops or laptop computers. Mounted in a robot platform such as Pioneer, these high computational power hardware do all the processing in SLAM. Still others, SLAM algorithms exploit GPU power to provide deep details in map reconstruction. Yet, it is desirable to deploy SLAM in a small robot without advantages from high computational power hardware. Single board computer with limited power supply and low computational power is frequently the main board available in a small robot. Therefore, it is important to consider the design solution of SLAM that targets such a system. With this in mind, current work presents a survey paper of SLAM in low-resource hardware. The main question to be answered with this current work is "How researchers deal with hardware limitation when implementing SLAM?" Classification based on a method to tackle the problem is presented as the conclusion of this paper.

Cloud Computing for Cytopathologists

2014 ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Pouliakis ◽  
Stavros Archondakis ◽  
Efrossyni Karakitsou ◽  
Petros Karakitsos
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Cloud Applications ◽  
Near Future

Cloud computing is changing the way enterprises, institutions, and people understand, perceive, and use current software systems. Cloud computing is an innovative concept of creating a computer grid using the Internet facilities aiming at the shared use of resources such as computer software and hardware. Cloud-based system architectures provide many advantages in terms of scalability, maintainability, and massive data processing. By means of cloud computing technology, cytopathologists can efficiently manage imaging units by using the latest software and hardware available without having to pay for it at non-affordable prices. Cloud computing systems used by cytopathology departments can function on public, private, hybrid, or community models. Using cloud applications, infrastructure, storage services, and processing power, cytopathology laboratories can avoid huge spending on maintenance of costly applications and on image storage and sharing. Cloud computing allows imaging flexibility and may be used for creating a virtual mobile office. Security and privacy issues have to be addressed in order to ensure Cloud computing wide implementation in the near future. Nowadays, cloud computing is not widely used for the various tasks related to cytopathology; however, there are numerous fields for which it can be applied. The envisioned advantages for the everyday practice in laboratories' workflow and eventually for the patients are significant. This is explored in this chapter.

A Lightweight Authentication and Encryption Protocol for Secure Communications Between Resource-Limited Devices Without Hardware Modification

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Piotr Ksiazak ◽  
William Farrelly ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Secure Communications ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Authentication Protocols ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Lightweight Authentication ◽  
Lightweight Encryption

In this chapter, the authors examine the theoretical context for the security of wireless communication between ubiquitous computing devices and present an implementation that addresses this need. The number of resource-limited wireless devices utilized in many areas of the IT industry is growing rapidly. Some of the applications of these devices pose real security threats that can be addressed using authentication and cryptography. Many of the available authentication and encryption software solutions are predicated on the availability of ample processing power and memory. These demands cannot be met by most ubiquitous computing devices; thus, there is a need to apply lightweight cryptography primitives and lightweight authentication protocols that meet these demands in any application of security to devices with limited resources. The analysis of the lightweight solutions is divided into lightweight authentication protocols and lightweight encryption algorithms. The authors present a prototype running on the nRF9E5 microcontroller that provides necessary authentication and encryption on resource-limited devices.

Robust Logistics

2030 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger van Santen ◽  
Djan Khoe ◽  
Bram Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
The Web

Our lives seem to revolve around schedules. If we don’t honor them with second-to-second precision, we miss our trains and our workplace rosters fall apart. We’re reliant on one another, and we constantly have to coordinate our schedules with those of others. Planning is crucial to our industry, too. If you unexpectedly run out of nuts and bolts, you can’t make any more cars, and the entire production process grinds to a halt. No manufacturer can afford that, so industrial companies employ large teams of specialists whose job is to ensure there are never any shortages of key parts. A worldwide logistic network has become our industry’s lifeblood. The central issue facing logistics is that of reliability. How do you keep your supply network intact? And how do you limit the consequences if it fails? These are questions that go far beyond the supply of nuts and bolts for new cars. Reliable logistics touches equally on the web of interactions that determine food production and the optimization of the Internet. It also extends to power supply, telecommunications, and workforce. Reliable networks make our society tick. But they face uncertainties of various kinds. That lends a broader significance to insights gained from industrial logistics, which offer us tools we can use to optimize networks and account for uncertainties in other areas as well. The reliability of a supply network is intimately bound up with the inventories you need to maintain. Businesses hold millions of dollars’ worth of supplies in their warehouses to make absolutely certain they never cease production due to a failure in the supply chain. So the key question is how large a stock do you need to hold of each component? Smart planning to hold down inventory levels in your warehouse generates immediate savings. On the other hand, you need enough stock to ensure continuity should anything go wrong. Optimizing storage is a common problem in supply networks. There is always a trade-off between the reliability of the network and the need for it to be profitable in an economic sense.

scholarly journals Inter-Stage Output Voltage Amplitude Improvement Circuit Integrated with Class-B Transmit Voltage Amplifier for Mobile Ultrasound Machines

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiheum You ◽  
Hojong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Voltage Amplitude ◽  
Voltage Amplifier ◽  
Class B ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Limited Power Supply

Piezoelectric transducers are triggered by the output voltage signal of a transmit voltage amplifier (TVA). In mobile ultrasound instruments, the sensitivity of piezoelectric transducers is a critical parameter under limited power supply from portable batteries. Therefore, the enhancement of the output voltage amplitude of the amplifier under limited power supply could increase the sensitivity of the piezoelectric transducer. Several-stage TVAs are used to increase the voltage amplitude. However, inter-stage design issues between each TVA block may reduce the voltage amplitude and bandwidth because the electronic components of the amplifier are nonlinearly operated at the desired frequency ranges. To compensate for this effect, we propose a novel inter-stage output voltage amplitude improvement (OVAI) circuit integrated with a class-B TVA circuit. We performed fundamental A-mode pulse-echo tests using a 15-MHz immersion-type piezoelectric transducer to verify the design. The echo amplitude and bandwidth when using an inter-stage OVAI circuit integrated with a class-B TVA circuit (696 mVPP and 29.91%, respectively) were higher than those obtained when using only the class-B TVA circuit (576 mVPP and 24.21%, respectively). Therefore, the proposed OVAI circuit could be beneficial for increasing the output amplitude of the class-B TVA circuit for mobile ultrasound machines.

Building better rechargeable Zn–Mn batteries with a highly active Mn3O4/carbon nanowire cathode and neutral Na2SO4/MnSO4 electrolyte

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (77) ◽  
pp. 10835-10838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Ma ◽  
Linpo Li ◽  
Yani Liu ◽  
Jianhui Zhu ◽  
Ting Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Carbon Nanowire ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Carbon Nanowires

A more reliable/eco-friendly secondary Zn–Mn battery system is built with highly active Mn3O4@carbon nanowires and near-neutral electrolytes. Such configured batteries show high reversibility and superior behavior in terms of both stored capacity and cycling durability, holding great promise in near-future power-supply applications.

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