Accessibility in E-Government

2018 ◽  
pp. 3516-3525
Author(s):  
Christian Sonnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Section 508 ◽  
The Web ◽  
New Devices

Electronic Government (E-Government) resources and websites are a crucial interface for many citizens, yet accessibility is an often overlooked attribute when designing such tools. Poorly designed sites can seriously hinder and cause detrimental effects for user relying on these services. How content is presented and delivered on the Web makes an impact on how effective and helpful it is, but even more so for users with disabilities. This paper begins with the standards of digital government content presentation and follows up with a look at the compliance rate, current challenges, and possible avenues of future delivery methods. Discussion includes a look at Section 508 and possible update measures to incorporate new devices. This paper will explore the current drawbacks of automated compliance and accessibility management and provide perspective on what improvements need to be made to foster proper E-Government design.

Accessibility in E-Government

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Christian Sonnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Section 508 ◽  
The Web ◽  
New Devices

Electronic government (e-government) resources and websites are a crucial interface for many citizens; yet, accessibility is an often-overlooked attribute when designing such tools. Poorly designed sites can seriously hinder and cause detrimental effects for users relying on these services. How content is presented and delivered on the web makes an impact on how effective and helpful it is, even more so for users with disabilities. This chapter begins with the standards of digital government content presentation and follows up with a look at the compliance rate, current challenges, and possible avenues of future delivery methods. Discussion includes a look at Section 508 and possible update measures to incorporate new devices. This chapter will explore the current drawbacks of automated compliance and accessibility management and provide perspective on what improvements need to be made to foster proper e-government design.

KAJIAN LITERATUR MODEL KONSEPTUAL KEBERHASILAN E-GOVERNMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadus Gunawan Sudarsono ◽  
Sri Poedji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Management Ethics ◽  
The Government

The use of internet technology in the government environment is known as electronic government or e-government. In simple terms, e-government or digital government is an activity carried out by the government by using information technology support in providing services to the community. In line with the spirit of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia, e-government has a role in improving the quality of public services and helping the process of delivering information more effectively to the public. Over time, the application of e-Government has turned out to have mixed results. In developed countries, the application of e-Government systems in the scope of government has produced various benefits ranging from the efficiency of administrative processes and various innovations in the field of public services. But on the contrary in the case of developing countries including Indonesia, the results are more alarming where many government institutions face obstacles and even fail to achieve significant improvements in the quality of public services despite having adequate information and communication technology. The paradigm of bureaucrats who wrongly considers that the success of e-Government is mainly determined by technology. Even though there are many factors outside of technology that are more dominant as causes of failure such as organizational management, ethics and work culture. This study aims to develop a model of success in the application of e-Government from several best practice models in the field of information technology that have been widely used so far using literature studies as research methods. The results of the study show that the conceptual model of the success of the implementation of e-Government developed consists of 17 determinants of success..Keywords: Model, Factor, Success, System, e-Government

To the comparative analysis of the digitalization process of state administration in Russia and other countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-117
Author(s):  
A.N. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Programs

The article compares the processes of dissemination of modern information and communication technologies in government bodies in Russia and abroad. It is stated that Russia began the transition to «electronic government» later than the developed countries, in which this process was launched within the framework of large-scale and comprehensive programs for reforming public administration in the 1980s and 1990s. However, to date, there is an alignment in the pace and content of digitalization tasks. At a new stage in this process, the concept of «electronic government» under the influence of such newest phenomena of the emerging information society as methods of analysis of «big data», «artificial intelligence», «Internet of things», «blockchain» is being transformed into the category of «digital government». Achievements and prospects of public administration digitalization are considered on the example of countries with the highest ratings — Denmark, Australia, Republic of Korea, Great Britain, USA and Russia.

scholarly journals Challenges to the Jordanian Electronic Government Initiative

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala M. Abu-Samaha ◽  
Yara Abdel Samad
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
The Web

This paper aims to present a number of key challenges to the Jordanian Electronic Government Initiative as a precursor to embracing mobile government (the future electronic governmental service provision). The first wave of electronic governmental services was delivered through the web as the sole communication channel. Despite the limited success of a small number of governmental entities to utilise such a communication channel, the very limited penetration of the Internet in Jordan has dampened such cases of success and pushed key decision makers at the Electronic Government Initiative to consider more popular alternative communication media. This paper reflects on Jordan’s past experience with electronic government to identify lessons learnt to be carried on to future mobile and second wave of electronic governmental service provisions.

The Prospects of Mobile Government in Jordan

2011 ◽  
pp. 4187-4204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala M. Abu-Samaha ◽  
Yara Abdel Samad
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Service ◽  
The Future ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
The Web

This chapter aims to assess the viability of mobile governmental services in Jordan as a precursor to embracing mobile government as a complementing medium of communication. Re?ecting on Jordan’s experience with electronic governmental services, it is evident to say that the ?rst wave of electronic governmental services was delivered through the Web as the sole communication channel. Despite the success of a number of governmental entities to utilise such a communication channel, the penetration of the Internet in the Jordanian society is very low which dampens such limited cases of success. Currently, the e-government initiative is considering mobile phones for the future waves of its electronic service delivery on a multi-channel platform. This chapter articulates the concerns and issues surrounding the viability of mobile government in terms of availability of bandwidth and reach. The chapter will provide a number of statistics and other qualitative reviews concerning previous experiences in the Jordanian electronic government initiative.

Digital Government Online Education for Public Managers

2011 ◽  
pp. 3173-3178
Author(s):  
Marc Holzer ◽  
Tony Carrizales ◽  
Younhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Public Manager

The opportunities that arise from the practice of digital government continue to increase. Public managers responsible for adopting and implementing such new practices will be searching for existing best practices to incorporate into their respective communities. They may choose to rely on their information and communication technology (ICT) departments to develop necessary digital government applications, but an appealing option for public managers is to familiarize themselves with the most recent digital government applications through Web-based courses. Online education eliminates distances, allows for flexible scheduling and can incorporate current best practices of electronic-government on a timely basis. Public managers play a critical role in the development of digital government initiatives (Halachmi, 2004; Heeks, 1999; Ho, 2002; Melitski, 2003; Weare, Musso & Hale, 1999). Although public managers can refer to numerous individuals within government municipalities, in the case of digital government, the chief administrative officer (CAO) is often the key individual in deciding the direction of government initiatives. By completing Web-based courses, CAOs can assess and strategically plan for effective and efficient digital government in their communities. Melitski (2003) argues that there is a need for public mangers that are “familiar with both IT and the programmatic goals and missions of public organizations” (p. 389). With respect to implementing digital citizen participation in government, Holzer, Melitski, Rho, and Schwester (2004) state, as their primary recommendation, “governments should work harder to identify, study, and implement best practices” (p. 28). The means to study such best practices, however, have generally been scarce, and the literature has been limited to specialized e-government reports and articles. But Web-based courses now offer the means for a CAO or any other public manager to study digital government practices and theories in a more effective and convenient manner.

Accessible Design for Communication on the Web

2011 ◽  
pp. 527-540
Author(s):  
David Robins
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Web Site Design ◽  
Section 508 ◽  
Content Development ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
The Web

Web site design that does not conform to emerging accessibility standards and legislation will be increasingly under attack. In order to facilitate Web-based computer mediated communication to the disabled, extensive guidelines and laws are now in place to guide designers of content, development tools and devices and software used by those with disabilities. This chapter discusses accessibility guidelines in general and then outlines the two major efforts to ensure the accessibility of information through the Web: the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Section 508 of the American Rehabilitation Act. Then, it will show the means by which content is evaluated for its accessibility. Finally, it will give an overview design practice that produces accessible content for consumption on the Web.

Integrating Conceptual Approaches to E-Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ramón Gil-Garcia ◽  
Luis Felipe Luna-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of

In general terms, electronic government (or digital government) refers to the selection, implementation, and use of information and communication technologies in government settings (Dawes & Pardo, 2002; Fountain, 2001; Garson, 2004; Moon, 2002). E-government research is a transdisciplinary endeavor including traditions such as public administration, public policy, management information systems, operations management, and information science. Partially because of the novelty of the concept, but also because of its multidisciplinary nature, the concept of e-government is still a work in progress. The purpose of this article is to review different definitions and conceptual approaches to electronic government, analyzing their conceptual amplitude and distinguishing characteristics. The article presents a comprehensive definition of electronic government based on current definitions and a well-established theoretical framework in public administration. The article ends with a brief discussion of some future trends in electronic government.

Regulatory Ontology-Based Interagency Informatin and Service Customization

2011 ◽  
pp. 1406-1412
Author(s):  
s. A. Chun ◽  
V. Atluri
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Transaction Services ◽  
The Web

The government services needed by citizens or businesses often require horizontal integration across autonomous government agencies. The information and services needed are typically scattered over different agencies in diverse formats, and therefore are not interoperable. This results in the so-called “stove-pipe” service and information paradigm, which raises a number of challenges. First, the service consumers, both citizens and businesses, face the challenging task of locating relevant services and information from a large number of documents scattered at different locations on the Web. Therefore, it is beneficial to have a system to locate and integrate available services that are tailored to individual preferences and needs according to regulations. Second, due to the fact that information is not shared among the different agencies, service consumers are required to re-enter certain data repeatedly to obtain interagency services. Service integration should allow sharing among agencies. Digital governments have been evolving with different focuses in terms of information and transaction services. The evolution has shown at least four different stages. At the first stage, with the Internet and the WWW, governments digitized paper forms and started to disseminate information with static Web pages, electronic forms, and data displays. The focus of this initial stage has been to make information digitally available on the Web. The transaction services tended to resort to off-line paper-based traditional methods (e.g., by submitting the printed form with a payment) such as by credit cards. In the second stage, governments started to provide services for the citizens by developing applications for service delivery and databases to support the transactions. The citizens and businesses can “pull down” the needed services and information through “active” interaction with individual agency Web sites separately, as in self-services. In both of these stages, the digital government efforts did not consider what other government agencies have been doing and how their services may be related to other agencies’ services. The information and service consumers need to “visit” each agency separately and actively search for information and services. The digital government up to this stage mimics the physical government, and citizens and business entities navigate digital boundaries instead of physical boundaries for complex services, such as business registration or welfare benefits. When agency interactions are needed, data and forms are forwarded in batch mode to other agencies through paper or fax, where the data is re-entered, or the digital data captured from a form is forwarded in a file via CD-ROM or a floppy disk. The streamlining of business processes within individual agencies may have been achieved, but not the streamlining of business processes across agencies. In the third stage, digital government agencies strive to provide seamless, integrated services by different agencies with sharing necessary information. The services and documents are organized such that they are easily identified and the consumers do not have to scour large amounts of information for the right ones. This stage of digital government is characterized as one-stop portal stage. In the fourth stage, the governments create digital environments where citizens’ participation is encouraged to define government policies and directions. The services up to the third stage are often enforced by government regulations and policies. These very rules and policies can be modified by citizens’ participation. In this fourth stage, digital government efforts focus on developing collaborative systems that allow collaboration among government agencies and citizens in order to reflect the constituents’ inputs. Today’s digital governments characterized by “self-service” and “one stop portal” solutions, between stages two and three, need to provide front-end (citizen-facing) tools to deliver relevant, customized information and services, and a back-end (processing) infrastructure to integrate, automate, manage, and control the service delivery. The service integrations vary according to user requirements and need to be dynamically achieved in an ad-hoc manner with personalized processes as end results.

The Lifecycle of Transactional Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 1174-1179
Author(s):  
C. Vassilakis
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transactional Presence ◽  
Online Availability ◽  
The Web

Electronic government can be defined as the use of information and communication technologies in government for at least three purposes: providing public services, improving managerial effectiveness, and promoting democracy (Gil-Garcia, 2004). This definition recognizes transactional services (i.e., services that involve filling-in, submission, and processing of electronic forms) as a vital component of e-government, since public service provision and interaction between citizens and government is mainly modeled through such services (eEurope, 2000). It is worth noting that among the 20 public services included in (eEurope, 2000) as “first steps towards ‘Electronic Government,’” 18 of them (90%) are transactional services, with the remaining two being informational services (information search and retrieval). Similar ratios hold for electronic services worldwide: for instance, the government of Dubai analyzed all services it offers and has concluded that 1,200 of these services are transactional, out of a total of 1,500 services (AmeInfo, 2004) (80%; again, the remaining services are informational). Historically, governments have first implemented informational services (provision of information related to the procedures and regulations related to governmental services), then proceeded with downloadable forms which can be filled-in and submitted manually (one-way interaction), subsequently moved to providing the ability to online submit forms whose data were processed later with human intervention (two-way interaction) and finally reached full electronic case handling (Cap Gemini, 2004). In the past few years, governments are systematically working on realizing e-government policies and frameworks, which include the delivery of transactional services for enterprises and citizens. Citizens and enterprises expect that provision of rich spectrum of transactional services will to result to a number of benefits, as reported in (Top of the Web, 2003) and illustrated in Figure 1. The progress of these works have been quantified and evaluated in reports; notably, the reports (Cap Gemini, 2003; Cap Gemini, 2004) have targeted the e-government development status in the European Union and have produced results showing the developments and trends in the EU countries. Some interesting findings from these reports are shown in Table 1. Note that services available online includes services a portion of which has been made available online, and some other portion is still carried out manually; services fully available online are fully processed in an online fashion and have no manual portion. A similar quantification approach is taken by the UN Global E-government Survey (UN, 2003), which identifies five stages of service delivery, namely, emerging presence, enhanced presence, interactive presence, transactional presence and networked presence, with interactive presence and transactional presence being the counterparts of online availability and full online availability (networked presence refers to a government-to-citizen framework based on an integrated network of public agencies for the provision of information, knowledge, and services). In this report, the average service online availability indicator for the top 15 countries is computed to be 63.8%, whereas the average service full online availability indicator is 20.2%1. The results of the studies presented above clearly indicate that despite the users’ high expectations from transactional services and the governments’ will and support for their development, the progress achieved insofar lags behind the desired levels. First, in the time frame of approximately one decade (governmental services have appeared on the Web in the mid-nineties), even the basic online services are not fully covered; moreover, the growth speed towards the full coverage is dropping (15% for the period 10/2001 to 10/2002 against a mere 7% for the period 10/2002 to 10/2003). Second, for services that do have a point of presence on the Web, full electronic case handling is provided only for the two thirds of them, while the remaining one third includes (at least one) stage that is performed manually. From the users’ point of view, some pessimism can be identified in the issue of better help.

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