General Characteristics and Classification of Processes in the Earth-Atmosphere System

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-86
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Earth Atmosphere ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Mass Circulation

Atmospheric processes affect the heat flows coming from above, from space, and from below, from the earth's surface. The solar radiation that comes to Earth from outer space is the main source of energy of atmospheric processes. It is the radiant energy of the Sun that is converted into heat in the atmosphere and at the Earth's surface, kinetic energy, and other forms of energy. But the Sun's rays heat the earth's surface larger than the air directly, so between the earth's surface and the atmosphere, there is lively exchange of heat as well as moisture. The structure of the earth's surface and its relief are very important for these processes. The chapter presents the picture of heat and the moisture circulation in the atmosphere and gives physical basics of atmospheric general circulation including fundamentals of air mass circulation, local physiographic impact on the atmospheric air movement, in-mass atmospheric processes, and basic laws of pollution spreading in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Classification of hemispheric monthly mean stratospheric potential vorticity fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Huth ◽  
P. O. Canziani
Keyword(s):  
Potential Vorticity ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Stratospheric Dynamics ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Abstract. Monthly mean NCEP reanalysis potential vorticity fields at the 650 K isentropic level over the Northern and Southern Hemispheres between 1979 and 1997 were studied using multivariate analysis tools. Principal component analysis in the T-mode was applied to demonstrate the validity of such statistical techniques for the study of stratospheric dynamics and climatology. The method, complementarily applied to both the raw and anomaly fields, was useful in determining and classifying the characteristics of winter and summer PV fields on both hemispheres, in particular, the well-known differences in the behaviour and persistence of the polar vortices. It was possible to identify such features as sudden warming events in the Northern Hemisphere and final warming dates in both hemispheres. The stratospheric impact of other atmospheric processes, such as volcanic eruptions, also identified though the results, must be viewed at this stage as tentative. An interesting change in behaviour around 1990 was detected over both hemispheres.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; general circulation; climatology)

The Last Interglaciation in Northeast Siberia

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Lozhkin ◽  
Patricia M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Models ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Organic Deposits

AbstractAlluvial, fluvial, and organic deposits of the last interglaciation are exposed along numerous river terraces in northeast Siberia. Although chronological control is often poor, the paleobotanical data suggest range extensions of up to 1000 km for the primary tree species. These data also indicate that boreal communities of the last interglaciation were similar to modern ones in composition, but their distributions were displaced significantly to the north-northwest. Inferences about climate of this period suggest that mean July temperatures were warmer by 4 to 8°C, and seasonal precipitation was slightly greater. Mean January temperatures may have been severely cooler than today (up to 12°C) along the Arctic coast, but similar or slightly warmer than present in other areas. The direction and magnitude of change in July temperatures agree with Atmospheric General Circulation Models, but the 126,000-year-B.P. model results also suggest trends opposite to the paleobotanical data, with simulated cooler winter temperatures and drier conditions than present during the climatic optimum.

scholarly journals A Persistent Fog Event Involving Heavy Pollutants in Yancheng Area of Jiangsu Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Zhu ◽  
Chengying Zhu ◽  
Fan Zu ◽  
Hongbin Wang ◽  
Chengsong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Thermal Factor ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Dense Fog ◽  
Good Visibility

In the early December 2013, dense fog involving heavy pollutants lasted for 9 days in the Yancheng area. The characteristics, formation, and lasting mechanisms of this persistent fog were analyzed based on observational data at the Sheyang site, reanalysis data, and final analysis data from NCEP/NCAR, combining with the weather background and meteorological and physical variable fields. Results include that (1) the fog process was characterized by long duration, low visibility, and high pollutants concentration, (2) the atmospheric general circulation contributed to the sustainability and development of the heavily polluted fog, (3) deep inversion was the key thermal factor causing the heavily polluted fog, (4) the fog exhibited obvious outbreaks with good visibility weather turned to severe fog several times, and (5) the weak cold air invasion and radiative cooling were the triggering factors to the sudden enhancement of the fog.

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