Evaluation of the thermal factor in the vacuum therapy

Introduction: The aim of the work was to analyse changes in values of temperatures measured inside the cup and on the surface of the skin in the place where the cup was applied, using two slightly different variants of applying hot glass cups.<br/> Methods: The temperature was measured using two measuring instruments, the so-called multimeters, which were connected by wires with two K-type probes (thermocouples). One of them measured the temperature of the skin covered by the cup, and the other – the temperature inside the cup.<br/> Results: In variant I at the beginning of the test the temperature of the interior of the cup was 48.4°C, and of the skin inside the cup was 40.3°C. The difference between the temperature inside the cup and the temperature of the skin was therefore 8.1°C, i.e. 16.7%. In variant II, the temperature of the inside of the cup and of the surface of the skin were similar and amounted to 42.2 °C and 43.9 °C respectively. It means that right after applying the cup, the body temperature in the place of its application increased by 7.3°C, i.e. by 19.8% in relation to the normal body temperature.<br/> Conclusions: The experiment that was carried out allows us to claim that the applied vacuum therapy affects the tissues by two factors: vacuum pressure and heat, and that is why the hot cup should be considered more effective in the therapy than the cold cup.

Computational engineering of surface layer ground Al2O3‒TiC ceramic. Thermal analysis

The regularities of the thermal and stress state of the surface layer of ground Al2O3‒TiC ceramic under influence of heat flow are established. It is revealed that the role of the thermal factor in the fracture mechanism of this layer is manifested in the formation of unfavorable microstructural stress concentrators.

Methods for Determining the Thermal State of Medium-Speed Diesel Engines Taking into Account Boiling of the Coolant

Forcing medium-speed diesel engines by increasing the mean effective pressure leads to an increase in the thermal factor of the engine parts. High temperatures of the cylinder head fire deck and the cylinder liner working surface cause thermal fatigue cracks in these parts as well as piston scuffing. Therefore, the development of new methods of intensifying heat transfer in the cooling gallery and refined methods for determining the engine parts thermal state is currently relevant. In both areas of research, a significant role is played by the process of coolant boiling, which significantly intensifies heat transfer in the cooling system. A review of the literature showed that the existing methods of mathematical modeling of conjugate heat transfer in the cooling cavities taking into account the boiling process have a number of significant drawbacks. This paper presents the developed mathematical model and methods for determining the thermal state of medium-speed diesel engine parts taking into account boiling of the coolant, thus making it possible to combine the advantages of both the engineering approach and numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics. The thermal state of a new generation medium-speed diesel engine D500 was calculated and the thermal factor of the main engine parts was estimated.

COMPLEX MICROBIAL-ZOOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POSTMORTEM PERIOD DURING THE PRODUCTION OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION

Aim. To provide a complex microbial-zoological characteristics of the postmortem period. Materials and methods: Microbiological studies: material for examination was isolated from three species of animals, including domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) weighing 50-100 kg, domestic chickens (burnt and unburnt) (Gallus gallus) weighing 1.5–2 kg and house mice (Mus musculus) weighing 80 g. In addition, human corpses, bone remains and over 1000 microorganism isolates were investigated. Entomological studies: material for examination was isolated from human corpses and their bone remains (17), pigs (10), chickens (32), representatives of the mammalian class (20), 79 objects in total. 32394 insects were investigated. Studies of injuries caused by certain vertebrates: 34 human corpses and their bone remains were examined. Results. Main trends in the microbial decomposition of dead bodies have been determined, which are of great practical significance for the diagnosis of the remoteness of death during the course of forensic medical examination. General characteristics of the process of corpse decomposition by necrophilous insects are given. The effect of the thermal factor (high temperature) on the microbiological and entomological features of corpse decomposition has been established. Anatomical, topographical and morphological features of injuries caused by some vertebrates have been determined. Conclusion. Our results prove the existence of a close relationship between the objects of forensic medical examination and the microbial processes that occur during the decomposition of corpses and under the action of insects and scavengers.

Specific features of formation of bulk porous systems in the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Borides

The effect of ultrasound oscillations (USO) on the combustion velocity and temperature, phase composition and microstructure of compounds produced by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in the Ti–B system is studied using the earlier developed experimental setup. It is shown that the effect of powerful ultrasound on SHS is connected with the thermal factor, viz. the enhancement of heat removal from the specimen surface due to forced convection, and the physical (non-thermal) factor that consists in the influence of USO on the melt spreading and crystallization of different phases in the SHS wave. It is demonstrated that for multiphase system Ti–B an increase of the boron content in the initial charge leads to grain refinement of the synthesized product and the imposition of USO on the SHS results in a change in the grain morphology: their shape becomes closer to equiaxial. In composition Ti+1.5B, under the action of USO cubic-shape product grains are observed on the inner surface of pores, and in composition Ti+2.0B the synthesized TiB2 grains become more vividly facetted.As a result of imposition of ultrasound on the synthesis process, grain refinement is observed for all the compositions along with the formation of a large number of borides and their redistribution in the volume. The use of ultrasound brings about changes in the quantitative phase composition of the synthesis products and the ratio between the orthorhombic and cubic modifications of phase TiB. The research has shown that the presence of pores in the initial charge plays an important role in the structure formation of the final product, and hence it appears impossible to obtain an equilibrium material by the SHS method. It is found that an optimal USO amplitude exists at which it is possible to obtain uniform fine-grained structure of the material. This permits controlling the structure formation at SHS.

Whole Body Hyperthermotherapy – Application in Medicine

This article is devoted to the use of a thermal factor in procedures called systemic hypertermotherapy. Different methods leading to increase in body temperature have been presented. The course of various therapies based on outside heat is described. A short review of the therapeutic effects of overheating has been made. In addition, both indications for using this type of treatment were given and attention was paid to existing contraindications. The facts cited in the article indicate that systemic hyperthermotherapy may be a perfect complement to the treatment procedures of patients suffering from diseases such as hypertension, depression, fibromyalgia, rheumatological and cancer diseases and others.

A Persistent Fog Event Involving Heavy Pollutants in Yancheng Area of Jiangsu Province

In the early December 2013, dense fog involving heavy pollutants lasted for 9 days in the Yancheng area. The characteristics, formation, and lasting mechanisms of this persistent fog were analyzed based on observational data at the Sheyang site, reanalysis data, and final analysis data from NCEP/NCAR, combining with the weather background and meteorological and physical variable fields. Results include that (1) the fog process was characterized by long duration, low visibility, and high pollutants concentration, (2) the atmospheric general circulation contributed to the sustainability and development of the heavily polluted fog, (3) deep inversion was the key thermal factor causing the heavily polluted fog, (4) the fog exhibited obvious outbreaks with good visibility weather turned to severe fog several times, and (5) the weak cold air invasion and radiative cooling were the triggering factors to the sudden enhancement of the fog.