Data Linkage Methods for Big Data Management in Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Onur Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Linkage Algorithm ◽  
Positive Rate

In recent years, the use of various digital devices that continuously generate massive amounts of heterogeneous, structured or unstructured data has increased. In parallel to generation, data collection, storage, and analysis technologies have developed. Big data sources have a variety of data quality. Preparing and clearing data is one of the first step of mining big data. It is often important to address the full data set found in different data sources to achieve the right result. Various techniques have been used to increase the accuracy of the data comparison. Deterministic and probabilistic linkage algorithms are the two main techniques used in literature. They have different steps to reach qualified and integrated results. To easily interpret the results of the linkage algorithm, a confusion matrix can be used. Measurements such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positive rate, and false negative rate, are considered to evaluate output quality.

scholarly journals Role of complementary cytology, colposcopy and histopathology in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Mangla ◽  
Renuka Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide. India alone accounts for one fifth of total number of cases worldwide. The aim of our study was to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positive rate and false negative rate of complementary cytology and colposcopy with histopathology as gold standard for detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung hospital, Delhi, India. 100 non pregnant females with complaint of post coital or irregular vaginal bleeding and those who had unhealthy cervix on visual inspection were included in study. Results: Colposcopy exhibited a high degree of accuracy in diagnosis of high grade lesions. Overall sensitivity of cytology was 50% whereas that of colposcopy was 83.3%. Cytology had specificity of 93.4% whereas colposcopy had specificity of 89.4%. 100% of high grade and invasive cancers on colposcopy were associated with similar findings on histology. The degree of agreement between cytology and colposcopy with histology was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Colposcopy is sensitive method as compared to cytology, especially in the higher grade lesions and combination of both methods appears to be of higher diagnostic importance.

Stepwise strategies in analysing haematuria and leukocyturia in screening

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Steinmetz ◽  
Joseph Henny ◽  
René Gueguen
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Negative Rate ◽  
Positive Rate

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to compare in a supposed healthy population of 680 subjects several algorithms for positive selection of urine samples requiring microscopic examination for erythrocytes and leukocytes after screening by automated test-strip measurement and particle counting on a Sysmex UF-50™ flow cytometer. Four strategies have been formulated and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positive rate, false negative rate, and microscopic review rate were measured. The strategy combining test strip analysis and automated counting on all samples, followed by microscopic examination of only discordant samples gave the best results. When the two methods of haematuria screening were in agreement (91% of samples), the false negative rate for microscopy was 1.1%, with a false positive rate of 0.8%, sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 99%, and the results are acceptable without any other examination. When the two methods of haematuria screening were discrepant, visual microscopic analysis was necessary to obtain definitive results. For leukocyturia screening, 80% of results were in agreement by test strip and automatic sediment urinalysis, with only ten results considered as false negatives (1.8%) and four as false positives (0.7%). Agreement was good and the other criteria were good (sensitivity 79%, specificity 99%). On conflicting samples, there was no agreement between methods and microscopic analysis was essential. The benefit of such an algorithm would be optimisation of the workflow without any loss of sensitivity and specificity at the expense of a two-fold increase in cost.

scholarly journals Multimodális hiperspektroszkópia – előrelépés a digitális technológia felé a méhnyakszűrésben

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (20) ◽  
pp. 790-799
Author(s):  
Zoárd Tibor Krasznai ◽  
Zsuzsa Bagoly ◽  
Eszter Nagy ◽  
Zsolt Farkas ◽  
Róbert Póka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Negative Rate ◽  
Positive Rate

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Bevezetés: A citológiai alapú méhnyakrákszűrés átmeneti kategóriáinak optimális menedzselése a humán papillomavírus (HPV) szűrése és tipizálása ellenére jelenleg is kihívás. Vizsgálatunk célja a modern cervixspektroszkópiának (multimodális hiperspektroszkópia – MHS), egy azonnali eredményt nyújtó, digitális technológiára épülő módszernek a vizsgálata volt a citológiai alapú méhnyakszűrés találati biztonságának javítására. Betegek és módszer: Vizsgálatainkat 208, 18 és 75 év közötti nőbeteg bevonásával végeztük, akiknél már indikálásra került valamely, a méhnyakon végzendő műtét, citológiai eredményük rendelkezésre állt (a HPV-tesztet, amennyiben nem történt meg, elvégeztük), valamint valamennyi betegnél elvégeztük a műtét előtt az MHS-vizsgálatot. A szövettani mintavétel 166 betegnél történt meg. Eredmények: A citológiai vizsgálatot (az összes betegre tekintve) magas álpozitív arány jellemezte (69,28%), amely megfigyelések mindenképpen utalnak az újabb komponens alkalmazásának igényére a triázsban. Az összes citológiai kategóriára nézve az MHS-eredmények közül kiemelendő az álnegatív leletek rendkívül alacsony aránya (3/166 = 1,8%), mely a HPV-teszt esetén ennél magasabb volt (11/165 = 6,66%). A spektroszkópiás vizsgálat álpozitív aránya ugyanakkor kedvezőtlenebbnek bizonyult (91/166 = 54,81%) a HPV-vizsgálat álpozitív arányánál (40/165 = 24,24%). Az atípusos laphámsejt (ASC-US/ASC-H) citológiai kategória esetén a spektroszkópia álnegatív eredményeinek aránya (3/126 = 2,38%) szintén kedvezőbb volt, mint a HPV-vizsgálaté (9/126 = 7,14%). A cervicalis intraepithelialis neoplasia-2 vagy súlyosabb fokozatú hámelváltozások azonosításában a spektroszkópia szenzitivitása 94% (95% CI = 0,84–0,99), specificitása 22% (95% CI = 0,15–0,31), negatív prediktív értéke 90% (95% CI = 0,73–0,98), pozitív prediktív értéke 34% (95% CI = 0,26–0,43) volt (p = 0,00130). Következtetés: Az MHS fejlett innovatív technológián alapuló, azonnali eredményt adó vizsgálóeljárás, amely kiemelkedően alacsony álnegatív eredménye miatt nagy segítséget nyújt a citológiai eltéréssel rendelkező betegek további vizsgálatában. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(20): 790–799. Summary. Introduction: Despite the use of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, the management of the transitional categories of cytology-based screening still remains a challenge. The modern multimodal hyperspectroscopy (MHS) of the cervix is a novel digital technology based on artificial intelligence, providing an instant result in the assessment of cytology-based screening abnormalities. Patients and methods: 208 women (age 18–75) were enrolled. The patients already had cytology results and an operation on the cervix indicated at the time of inclusion. HPV and the hyperspectroscopy examination was performed pre-operatively. The pre-indicated operation was performed on 166 patients. Results: Cytology-based screening alone (in the category of all patients) resulted in a high false-positive rate (69.28%). In this category, the MHS had an outstanding false-negative rate (3/166 = 1.80%) compared to the HPV (11/165 = 6.66%). The false-positive rate of the spectroscopy examination (91/166 = 54.81%) was higher than that of the HPV testing (40/165 = 24.24%). In the atypical squamous cell (ASC-US/ASC-H) category, the false-negative rate of the spectroscopy (3/126 = 2.38%) was also lower than that of the HPV test (9/126 = 7.14%). In the detection of high-grade abnormalities (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and worse), the spectroscopy had a 94% sensitivity (95% CI = 0.84–0.99), with a 22% specificity (95% CI = 0.15–0.31), an 90% negative predictive value (95% CI = 0.73–0.98), and a 34% positive predictive value (95% CI = 0.26–0.43) (p = 0.00130). Conclusion: In the case of cytological abnormality, the MHS provides an immediate result based on advanced digital technology, and because of its outstanding false negative rate it is a great aid and should be considered in the triage of such patients. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(20): 790–799.

scholarly journals The Sensitivity and Specificity of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Neoplasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Rareș Georgescu ◽  
Adela Luciana Oprea ◽  
Alexandra Contra ◽  
Orsolya Bauer Hanko ◽  
Ioana Colcer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Causes Of Errors ◽  
Positive Rate

AbstractObjective:To evaluate and demonstrate the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in thyroid lesions in our department and to highlight probable causes of errors leading to unsatisfactory sampling, which may depend on the characteristics of the nodule.Methods:This is a retrospective study conducted on 319 diagnosed cases of thyroid nodules referred to the Surgery Unit of Puls hospital, Tîrgu Mureș in the January 2014 – December 2015 period, who underwent fine-needle aspiration. Histological examination was considered to be the gold standard; therefore we compared the cytological diagnosis with the histological one.Results:Of the 319 cases, 289 (90.6%) were female and 30 (9.4%) male patients; 210 cases (69.3%) were interpreted as benign, 46 cases (15.2%) as follicular lesion of undetermined significance, 4 cases (1.3%) as suspect for malignancy, 1 case (0.3%) as malignant sampling, and 42 cases (13.9%) as unsatisfactory. We compared the results of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with the corresponding histopathological results (49 in total). FNAC achieved a sensitivity of 76.47%, a specificity of 83.1%, a positive predictive value of 35.1%, a negative predictive value of 96.7%, a false positive rate of 16.9%, a false negative rate of 23%, and an overall accuracy of 82.3%.Conclusions:The results of our study demonstrate the accuracy of the FNA technique in the first-line diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Intraoperative Frozen Sections in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lesions: A Hospital-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
TT Win ◽  
SE Tuan Sharif ◽  
AA Mat Zin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Causes Of Errors ◽  
Positive Rate

Introduction: Intraoperative frozen section (FS) is an important tool in the management of neoplastic and non-neoplastic central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Although the final pathological diagnosis is based on the findings in paraffin tissue sessions, interpreting FS of CNS lesion is to assist the neurosurgeon in making the accurate judgment regarding the nature of the lesion and tissue adequacy. This study was to evaluate the agreement between FS and paraffin sections (PS) results; and to highlight the possible causes of error in discrepancy between FS and PS. Materials & Methods: This is a retrospective study of 85 cases of FS. H&E stained sections of both FS and PS of all these cases were reviewed with their histopathological reports. FS and PS results were compared. Possible causes of errors were reviewed and recorded. Results: Out of 85 cases; 76 cases (89.4%) showed no discrepancy, 2 cases (2.4%) minor discrepancy and 7 cases (8.2%) discrepancy. Sensitivity and specificity of FS were 90.1% and 85.7% respectively. Positive predictive value was 97.0% and negative predictive value was 63.1%. The false positive rate was 14.2% and false negative rate was 36.8%. The overall accuracy of FS was 89.4%. Conclusion: Our results showed high accuracy and specificity of FS. Therefore, FS is still useful, an effective tool for neurosurgeon although there are some challenges for histopathologists in reporting FS. The commonest discrepancy was seen between reactive gliosis and low-grade glioma. Over-diagnosis or under-diagnosis of FS can be reduced by closed cooperation among pathologist, neurosurgeon and radiologist.

scholarly journals A new criterion for the alarm point using a combination of waveform amplitude and onset latency in Br(E)-MsEP monitoring in spine surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
Ryuichi Shinjo ◽  
Kenyu Ito ◽  
Mikito Tsushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Onset Latency

OBJECTIVEMonitoring of brain evoked muscle-action potentials (Br[E]-MsEPs) is a sensitive method that provides accurate periodic assessment of neurological status. However, occasionally this method gives a relatively high rate of false-positives, and thus hinders surgery. The alarm point is often defined based on a particular decrease in amplitude of a Br(E)-MsEP waveform, but waveform latency has not been widely examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate onset latency in Br(E)-MsEP monitoring in spinal surgery and to examine the efficacy of an alarm point using a combination of amplitude and latency.METHODSA single-center, retrospective study was performed in 83 patients who underwent spine surgery using intraoperative Br(E)-MsEP monitoring. A total of 1726 muscles in extremities were chosen for monitoring, and acceptable baseline Br(E)-MsEP responses were obtained from 1640 (95%). Onset latency was defined as the period from stimulation until the waveform was detected. Relationships of postoperative motor deficit with onset latency alone and in combination with a decrease in amplitude of ≥ 70% from baseline were examined.RESULTSNine of the 83 patients had postoperative motor deficits. The delay of onset latency compared to the control waveform differed significantly between patients with and without these deficits (1.09% ± 0.06% vs 1.31% ± 0.14%, p < 0.01). In ROC analysis, an intraoperative 15% delay in latency from baseline had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 96% for prediction of postoperative motor deficit. In further ROC analysis, a combination of a decrease in amplitude of ≥ 70% and delay of onset latency of ≥ 10% from baseline had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93%, a false positive rate of 7%, a false negative rate of 0%, a positive predictive value of 64%, and a negative predictive value of 100% for this prediction.CONCLUSIONSIn spinal cord monitoring with intraoperative Br(E)-MsEP, an alarm point using a decrease in amplitude of ≥ 70% and delay in onset latency of ≥ 10% from baseline has high specificity that reduces false positive results.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Lachlan Ch De Crespigny ◽  
Hugh P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Time Linear

We read with interest the report which suggested that the diagnosis of cerebroventricular hemorrhage ([CVH] including both subependymal [SEH] and intraventricular) with real time ultrasound was unreliable.1 Ultrasound, when compared with computed tomography scans, had a 35% false-positive rate and a 21% false-negative rate. In our institution over a 12-month period more than 200 premature babies have been examined (ADR real time linear array scanner with a 7-MHz transducer).

Pathologic Assessment of Computerized Tomography Accuracy for the Evaluation of the Laryngeal Cartilaginous Frame Work in Laryngopharyngeal Carcinomas

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sulfaro ◽  
Francesco Querin ◽  
Luigi Barzan ◽  
Mario Lutman ◽  
Roberto Comoretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
High False Negative Rate ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Pathologic Assessment ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Sixty-six whole-organ sectioned laryngopharyngectomy specimens removed for cancer during a seven-year period were uniformly examined to determine the accuracy of preoperative high resolution computerized tomography (CT) for detection of cartilaginous involvement. Our results indicate that CT has a high overall specificity (88.2%) but a low sensitivity (47.1 %); we observed a high false-negative rate (26.5%) and a fairly low false-positive rate (5.9%). Massive cartilage destruction was easily assessed by CT, whereas both small macroscopic and microscopic neoplastic foci of cartilaginous invasion were missed on CT scans. Moreover, false-positive cases were mainly due to proximity of the tumor to the cartilage. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Macromolecule Particle Picking and Segmentation of a KLH Database by Unsupervised Cryo-EM Image Processing

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Miguel Carrasco ◽  
Patricio Toledo ◽  
Nicole D. Tischler
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Top View ◽  
Non Negative Matrix Factorization

Segmentation is one of the most important stages in the 3D reconstruction of macromolecule structures in cryo-electron microscopy. Due to the variability of macromolecules and the low signal-to-noise ratio of the structures present, there is no generally satisfactory solution to this process. This work proposes a new unsupervised particle picking and segmentation algorithm based on the composition of two well-known image filters: Anisotropic (Perona–Malik) diffusion and non-negative matrix factorization. This study focused on keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) macromolecules which offer both a top view and a side view. Our proposal was able to detect both types of views and separate them automatically. In our experiments, we used 30 images from the KLH dataset of 680 positive classified regions. The true positive rate was 95.1% for top views and 77.8% for side views. The false negative rate was 14.3%. Although the false positive rate was high at 21.8%, it can be lowered with a supervised classification technique.

Validity and Reliability of the Hooper Visual Organization Test

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Gerson
Keyword(s):  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Visual Organization

To assess the validity and reliability of the Hooper Visual Organization Test, 68 Ss, of whom 16 were clinically and psychometrically determined to be suffering from organic brain damage, 19 had functional disorders, and 33 were without organic or functional disorders (normal), were given the test. The instrument was shown to be reliable ( r = .80), however, clear-cut discriminations between groups were not achieved. There were significant differences in scores of normal and damaged groups, functional and damaged Ss, but not functional and normal Ss. The qualitative signs said to aid in differentiations were totally absent from all protocols. Performance was affected in part by IQ and other aspects of recognition of meaning. There was a 19% false negative rate for the functionals and a 51% false positive rate for normals. The conclusion was that this device is of dubious clinical value.

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