Implementation of a Reversible Watermarking Technique for Medical Images

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranit Karmakar ◽  
Abhishek Basu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Reversible Watermarking ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World

Electronic health records (EHR) contain patients' medical as well as personal details. With the increased use of digital media, these data are stored and transferred through the electronic media all over the world. This makes it vulnerable to unauthorized people. Digital image watermarking can be a useful process of protecting these data from attacker but causes severe and unrecoverable damage to cover media. In the case of highly sensitive images like medical images, this might creates a problem during further diagnosis. In this chapter, a reversible data hiding algorithm is proposed which also is capable of holding a large chunk of data without affecting the cover media. The main cover image is first reconstructed and hidden behind a bigger media and then the extra pixels are used to hide encrypted forms of EHR data along with an authentication signature. As EHR data and the digital signature is passed through various encryption stages while encoding, it is made more secure. The algorithm is developed on the spatial domain adding some cautious measures which made it fragile as well.

scholarly journals An Advanced Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Using Local Similarity, Curved Surface Characteristics, and Edge Characteristics in Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Mok Jung ◽  
Byung-Won On
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Local Similarity ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, we proposed methods to accurately predict pixel values by effectively using local similarity, curved surface characteristics, and edge characteristics present in an image. Furthermore, to hide more confidential data in a cover image using the prediction image composed of precisely predicted pixel values, we proposed an effective data hiding technique that applied the prediction image to the conventional reversible data hiding technique. Precise prediction of pixel values greatly increases the frequency at the peak point in the histogram of the difference sequence generated using the cover and prediction images. This considerably increases the amount of confidential data that can be hidden in the cover image. The proposed reversible data hiding algorithm (ARDHA) can hide up to 24.5% more confidential data than the existing algorithm. Moreover, it is not possible to determine the presence of hidden confidential data in stego-images, as they possess excellent visual quality. The confidential data can be extracted from the stego-image without loss, and the original cover image can be restored from the stego-image without distortion. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be effectively used in digital image watermarking, military, and medical applications.

Out loud: The experience of literature in the digital space

Book 2 0 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Warner
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

In the present climate of discouragement that threatens all of us who hold the Humanities dear, one of the worst threats, or so it seems, has been the dumbing down consequent on digital media and the rise of hate speech on digital platforms. I want to offer some countervailing reflections and hopes, and explore the activity and the potential of the World Wide Web as a forum for literature; in spite of the instinctive recoil and bristling horror I feel for social media as currently used, it is possible to consider and reframe the question of reading on the web. Doing so leads to the questions, what is literature and can literature be found beyond the printed book? It is my contention – perhaps my Candide-like hope – that the internet is spurring writers on to creating things with words that are not primarily aimed at silent readers but at an audience that is listening and viewing and feeling, and maybe also reading all at the same time, participating in word events channelled through electronic media.

Combining Digital Signature with Local Binary Pattern-Least Significant Bit Steganography Techniques for Securing Medical Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1293
Author(s):  
K. N. Madhusudhan ◽  
P. Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Local Binary Pattern ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Reversible Watermarking ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Separate File

The image authentication is generally based on two different types of techniques: watermarking and digital signature. In watermarking methods, embedded watermarking is often imperceptible and it contains either a specific ID of producer or codes related to content that are used for authentication. Normally a separate file is stored, digital signature is a non-repudiation and encrypted version of the information extracted from the data. A digital signature can be attached to the data to prove the originality and integrity. The proposed work presents a new approach to steganography of medical images that uses modified Least Significant Bit (LSB) based on the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) pattern. As a first step, cover image has been divided as blocks of 3×3 non overlapping masks. Then, the pixel embedding position (clock wise or anti-clock wise) has to be identified using LBP operator. The value of the LBP operator determines how and where to embed secret image pixel. Later, using LSB method, pixel values will be embedded in the cover image pixel. In order to provide the integrity of the data, the proposed work also presents Reversible Watermarking (RW), a Digital Signature (DS) technique. The proposed algorithm of steganography experimented on few medical images and achieved better efficiency with respect to MSE and PSNR values and same is reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Image Security using Digital Image Watermarking and Visual Cryptography Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2386-2391
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Visual Cryptography ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Public Networks ◽  
Real Time Application

In today’s world, the enhancement in internet technologies, digital data are mostly used to share the information in public networks. There are many traditional security techniques used to provide security to the digital information. But the existing methods don’t provide much of the security to digital media like image, video, audio, etc. The digital watermarking is employed in the protection of digital information. This paper gives a review on digital image watermarking based on the visual cryptography to reach secure protection for the images. The secret information can be inserted in the original images. The secret key is generated from the watermark image with the help of visual cryptography to claim the ownership of images. Various types of Visual Cryptography and Digital Image Watermarking techniques are explained in real time application.

Reversible Watermarking in Digital Image Using PVO and RDWT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Tiegang Gao ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Yonglei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Reversible Watermarking ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform

This article proposed a reversible digital image watermarking scheme using PVO and Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT). The PVO was introduce to the proposed scheme to enhance the embedding capacity. By embedding the watermark in the RDWT coefficients, the proposed scheme exploited the visual masking property of RDWT to achieve better visual quality. Also, the proposed scheme has better performance on embedding capacity because the RDWT has several sub-band coefficients for embedding. The experimental results on natural and medical images suggests that the proposed scheme could meet the demand of perceptional quality with better embedding capacity than former schemes.

scholarly journals The Combined Fuzzy C-means, Data Encryption and Reversible Data Hiding Method to Enhance the Integrity and Authenticity of the Electronics Health Records (EHR) for Tele Radiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fepslin Athish Mon ◽  
Suthendran K ◽  
Jarin T
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Medical Quality ◽  
Data Capacity

Abstract The transferring of medical image to the medical practitioner through cloud network with field expects around the globe to get better diagnostics and expect suggestions ever-increasing significantly. Enormous possibility of security treats arises while transferring the medical image through cloud services. In this paper, the trustworthiness, information integrity and authenticity of the patient EMR during storage and transmission over network can be improved without compromising medical quality and diagnosis accuracy. This can be achieved with the help of combined segmentation, cryptography and reversible data hiding on medical images. In this work, we store the patient basic details in the medical image using reversible data hiding with data capacity and security enhancements. The proposed method uses medical images of EMR as cover image, the patient’s details can be encoded in the cover image as data and finally encrypt the image using asymmetric key encryption. The proposed method provides more improvement in integrity, security, authenticity, data capacity and error rate. This method also maintains PSNR value above 51dB.

Fast and High Capacity Digital Image Watermarking Technique Based on Phase of Zernike Moments

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Walia ◽  
Anu Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Zernike Moments ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Recursive Method ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Geometric Attacks

Zernike Moments (ZMs) are used in many image processing applications, due to their resistance against various signal processing and geometric attacks. Digital image watermarking is one of those application areas, where ZMs are widely used to insert and extract the watermark bits for digital media authentication. In all the existing ZM based watermarking techniques, magnitude of moments is used to insert and extract the watermark. In this paper, the authors’ have proposed a semi blind watermarking technique in which phase of ZMs is used for watermark insertion and extraction. Due to the use of phase of ZMs, 100% detection ratio is achieved against any geometric and other signal processing attacks. To make the proposed technique fast, q-recursive method is used to compute the Zernike polynomials. The use of q-recursive method has also increased the transparency of watermark due to its better reconstruction ability as compared to traditional moment computation method. Through detailed experimentation, it has been confirmed that the proposed watermarking technique is fast, has more imperceptibility, less Bit Error Rate (BER) and more capacity as compared to traditional ZMs magnitude based watermarking technique.

An Imperceptible Watermarking Scheme for Medical Images Tamper Detection

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

One of the important issues in telemedicine field refers to an advanced secure communication. Digital image watermarking is an ideal solution since it protects the electronic patient information’s from unauthorized access. This paper presents a novel blind fragile-based image watermarking scheme in spatial domain that merges Speed Up Robust Features (SURF) descriptor with the well-known Weber Descriptors (WDs) and Arnold algorithm. It provides a good way for enhancing the image quality and time complexity for medical data integrity. Firstly, the watermark image is shuffled using Arnold chaotic map. Secondly, the SURF technique is practiced to Region of Interest (ROI) of the medical image and then the blocks around the SURF points are selected to insert the watermark. Finally, the watermark is encrusted and extracted using WDs. Experimental results show good image fidelity with the shortest execution time to ensure medical images integrity.

scholarly journals A Reversible Watermarking System for Medical Color Images: Balancing Capacity, Imperceptibility, and Robustness

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Zhou ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Qingquan Zhang ◽  
Mazin Abed Mohammed ◽  
Robertas Damaševičius
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Reversible Watermarking ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Geometric Attacks ◽  
Remote Healthcare

The authenticity and integrity of medical images in telemedicine has to be protected. Robust reversible watermarking (RRW) algorithms provide copyright protection and the original images can be recovered at the receiver’s end. However, the existing algorithms have limitations in their ability to balance the tradeoff among robustness, imperceptibility, and embedded capacity. Some of them are even not completely reversible. Besides, most medical image watermarking algorithms are not designed for color images. To improve their performance in protecting medical color image information, we propose a novel RRW scheme based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). First, the DWT provides a robust solution. Second, the modification of the wavelet domain coefficient guarantees the changes of integer values in the spatial domain and ensures the reversibility of the watermarking scheme. Third, the embedding scheme makes full use of the characteristics of the original image and watermarking. This reduces the modification of the original image and ensures better imperceptibility. Lastly, the selection of the Zernike moments order for geometric correction is optimized to predict attack parameters more accurately by using less information. This enhances the robustness of the proposed scheme against geometric attacks such as rotation and scaling. The proposed scheme is robust against common and geometric attacks and has a high embedding capacity without obvious distortion of the image. The paper contributes towards improving the security of medical images in remote healthcare.

scholarly journals Medical Image Privacy Using Watermarking Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
B. Ananthapraba ◽  
K. Thyagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Information ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Receiver Side ◽  
Privacy Violation ◽  
A New Technique

The amount of digital medical images has increased rapidly in the Internet. The necessity of fast and secure diagnosis is vital in the medical world. Nowadays, the transmission of images is a daily routine and it is necessary to find an efficient way to transmit them over the net. In this project we propose a new technique to cipher an image for safe and denoised transmission. The existing research deals with image cryptography, data hiding and steganography. There are several methods to encrypt binary or grey level images. Watermarking can be an answer to make secure image transmission. For applications dealing with images, the watermarking objective is to embed invisibly message inside the image. To embed the encrypted image in the patient information we have used watermarking technique. In this project, we concentrate to solve the privacy violation problem occurred when images are published on the medical applications without the permission. According to such images are always shared after uploading process. Therefore, the digital image watermarking based on DWT co-efficient. Watermark bits are embedded in uploaded images. Watermarked images are shared in user home page. So images can be difficult to misuse by other persons. In receiver side when the message is arrived then we apply the inverse methods in reverse order to get the original image and patient information and to remove watermark we extract the image before the decryption of message. We have applied and showed the results of our method to medical images.

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