IoT Resources and IoT Services

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Service System ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Physical Sensors ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
And Control

Although many IoT applications have been developed, a theoretical basis for interconnecting all things is still obscure. In order to establish a solid foundation for IoT applications, this chapter addresses three issues: how to model physical sensors and devices as IoT resources, how to introduce IoT resources into IoT services, and how to use distributed events to connect IoT resources and IoT services together to form an IoT service system. An IoT resource is defined by its static attributes and dynamic lifecycle; both of these are specified using semantic knowledge to enable automatic sharing and understanding. An IoT service is considered as a set of actions imposed on IoT resources to monitor and control the physical world. An example application is given in order to demonstrate a proof of concept for event-driven IoT services over IoT resources (streamlining events) to integrate IoT services.

Distributed Access Control for IoT Services Based on a Publish/Subscribe Paradigm

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-222
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Matching Efficiency ◽  
Control Event ◽  
Underlying Network ◽  
And Control

With IoT services becoming more open and covering wider areas, different IoT applications at different sites are now collaborating to realize real-time monitoring and controlling of the physical world. The use of a publish/subscribe paradigm allows IoT applications to collaborate more closely in real time and to be more flexible. This is due to the space, time, and control decoupling of the event producer and consumer, which can be used to establish an appropriate communication infrastructure. Unfortunately, a publish/subscribe-based IoT application does not know which users are consuming its data events, and consumers do not know where the events originate from. In this environment, the IoT application cannot directly control access, since interactions in the application are anonymous and indirect. To address these issues, this chapter first describes a foundation for communication between wide-area IoT services and then defines a security model supporting a data-centric methodology. Using this model, the underlying network capabilities can be integrated to help IoT applications control event access. The key concept in this access control solution is the preservation of the interaction characteristics of publish/subscribe-based IoT applications, which are both anonymous and multicast. Thus, two specific types of event are used to accomplish requests for and granting of authorization, while remaining consistent with the publish/subscribe paradigm. A policy-attachment method is used to preserve the anonymity and multicast features of the collaborating IoT applications, where policy-matching efficiency, policy privacy, and communication performance are the main points of focus. This access control scheme can also be enhanced with confidentiality.

Coordinating Stateful IoT Resources as Event-Driven Distributed IoT Services

2018 ◽  
pp. 140-175 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Event Extraction ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Requirement Specifications

In IoT applications, physical systems have not only discrete behaviors but also continuous dynamics; the corresponding aspects of the information world are called IoT resources. IoT services monitor and control these resources to ensure specific properties such as controllability and stability. An approach is proposed here that links together IoT resources, events, and IoT services based on requirement specifications. IoT resources are explicitly modelled as stateful to express the evolution of their current attributes and states from their previous ones. Multiple actions are modelled by specifying the indirect effects and causalities of their actions, and the interactions between physical processes and information processes are orchestrated as the coordination of the IoT resources (i.e., coordinating stateful IoT resources as IoT services). At runtime, the issue of how to solve the glitch problem is discussed based on an event extraction method. Finally, an evaluation is performed as a proof of concept for this chapter.

A Publish/Subscribe-Based Service Bus for Integrating and Streamlining Event-Driven IoT Services

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-105
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Service System ◽  
Service Coordination ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Coordination Requirements ◽  
Integrated Service

In IoT scenarios, numerous things and services are connected and coordinated via distributed events. Hence, a service bus needs to be established to streamline these events to enable the efficient and stable coordination of IoT services as an integrated service system. However, without an awareness of the coordination requirements of the application, the publish/subscribe-based service bus will not be optimally utilized to deliver real-time and coherent sensor events, and at the same time, service concurrency and scalability cannot be maximally realized. In this chapter, a service-oriented publish/subscribe middleware is proposed as a base for the construction of a distributed, ultra-scale, and elastic service bus for IoT applications. In order to establish this publish/subscribe service bus, the service coordination logic is then extracted from an event-driven business process, and the coordination logic is translated into the event matching and routing functions of the publish/subscribe middleware.

scholarly journals Ear-Bot: Locust Ear-on-a-Chip Bio-Hybrid Platform

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Idan Fishel ◽  
Yoni Amit ◽  
Neta Shvil ◽  
Anton Sheinin ◽  
Amir Ayali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
Hybrid Platform ◽  
And Control ◽  
Robust Sensing ◽  
Robotic Sensing ◽  
Sound Pulses

During hundreds of millions of years of evolution, insects have evolved some of the most efficient and robust sensing organs, often far more sensitive than their man-made equivalents. In this study, we demonstrate a hybrid bio-technological approach, integrating a locust tympanic ear with a robotic platform. Using an Ear-on-a-Chip method, we manage to create a long-lasting miniature sensory device that operates as part of a bio-hybrid robot. The neural signals recorded from the ear in response to sound pulses, are processed and used to control the robot’s motion. This work is a proof of concept, demonstrating the use of biological ears for robotic sensing and control.

Who Am I?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Natã M. Barbosa ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Blase Ur ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Web Browsing ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Incremental Construction ◽  
And Control

To enable targeted ads, companies profile Internet users, automatically inferring potential interests and demographics. While current profiling centers on users' web browsing data, smartphones and other devices with rich sensing capabilities portend profiling techniques that draw on methods from ubiquitous computing. Unfortunately, even existing profiling and ad-targeting practices remain opaque to users, engendering distrust, resignation, and privacy concerns. We hypothesized that making profiling visible at the time and place it occurs might help users better understand and engage with automatically constructed profiles. To this end, we built a technology probe that surfaces the incremental construction of user profiles from both web browsing and activities in the physical world. The probe explores transparency and control of profile construction in real time. We conducted a two-week field deployment of this probe with 25 participants. We found that increasing the visibility of profiling helped participants anticipate how certain actions can trigger specific ads. Participants' desired engagement with their profile differed in part based on their overall attitudes toward ads. Furthermore, participants expected algorithms would automatically determine when an inference was inaccurate, no longer relevant, or off-limits. Current techniques typically do not do this. Overall, our findings suggest that leveraging opportunistic moments within pervasive computing to engage users with their own inferred profiles can create more trustworthy and positive experiences with targeted ads.

Reclassification of Signs

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
New Research

Abstract Previous semiotic research classified human signs into linguistic signs and non-linguistic signs, with reference to human language and the writing system as the core members of the sign family. However, this classification cannot cover all the types of translation in the broad sense in terms of sign transformation activities. Therefore, it is necessary to reclassify the signs that make meaning into tangible signs and intangible signs based on the medium of the signs. Whereas tangible signs are attached to the outer medium of the physical world, intangible signs are attached to the inner medium of the human cerebral nervous system. The three types of transformation, which are namely from tangible signs into tangible signs, from tangible signs into intangible signs, and from intangible signs into tangible signs, lay a solid foundation for the categorization of sign activities in translation semiotics. Such a reclassification of signs can not only enrich semiotic theories of sign types, human communication, and sign-text interpretation, but also inspire new research on translation types, the translation process, translators’ thinking systems and psychology, and the mechanism of machine translation.

Publish/Subscribe-Based Service Bus for IoT Services

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Service Coordination ◽  
Underlying Event ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Distributed Service ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Service Oriented

In IoT (Internet of Things) scenarios, lots of things and services are connected and coordinated each other. In our work, we first propose a service-oriented publish/subscribe middleware as a construction base of distributed, ultra-scale, and elastic service bus for IoT applications. The IoT services in our solution are then aware of underpinning service communication fabric, where they are event-driven, their interfaces are defined by underlying event topics, their behaviors are specified by event relations, and they can cooperate with the service communication fabric to complete distributed service coordination.

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