Web Accessibility and the Law

2005 ◽  
pp. 3042-3047
Author(s):  
Holly Yu
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law

In the past three decades, the method of receiving and conveying information has shifted from paper-based, typewriter-generated, hand-edited, and printing-press-produced publications to more technology-mediated, intelligent, WYSIWYG software-generated forms. Consequently, the concept of access to information has changed to reflect this phenomenon. The new forms of access to information that have made it easier for non-disabled people have often created barriers for people with disabilities.

Web Accessibility Laws and Issues

2011 ◽  
pp. 1990-1996
Author(s):  
Holly Yu
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Past

The concept of access to information has changed in the past three decades to reflect the changes in the methods of receiving and conveying information. With the advent of information technology and the unprecedented opportunities created by the technology for people with and without disabilities, it has become apparent that information technologies have a tremendous potential for allowing people with disabilities to participate in mainstream activities and to support their ability to live independently. However, the new forms of access to information that have made it easier for non-disabled people have often created barriers for people with disabilities.

Implementation of Web Accessibility Related Laws

2011 ◽  
pp. 1870-1876
Author(s):  
Holly Yu
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Web

In the past three decades, the general method of delivering and receiving information has shifted from paper-based, typewriter-generated, hand-edited, and printing-press-produced publications to more technology-mediated, intelligent, WYSIWYG software-generated forms and interactive design. The Web has expanded its horizon as a gateway in carrying and delivering information to include audio and video formats. Further, the advent of the Web 2.0, or social networking/virtual community via the Web has changed the nature of the Web not only as an information carrier, but also a tool for all to use, share, and participate. Consequently, the concept of delivery of, access to, and interaction with information has changed to reflect this phenomenon. The new forms of utilizing the Web that have made it easier for non-disabled people have often created barriers for people with disabilities because, in a large part, the standard methods of access and delivery are inaccessible for people with disabilities. The disability rights movement in the United States originated during the post World War II era when large numbers of veterans who were disabled in the war joined the efforts of parents seeking education and independent living options for their children with disabilities (Slatin & Rush, 2003). The notion of access to information involving the civil rights of people with or without disabilities arises from the fact that access to information through technology has increasingly become a necessary tool for success and a source of opportunity in education and employment. With the unprecedented opportunities they created for people with and without disabilities, it has become apparent that information technologies have a tremendous potential for allowing people with disabilities to participate in mainstream activities and to support their ability to live independently. The legal foundation for protecting the right to access for persons with disabilities has been established through a series of federal and state laws, and court decisions. These laws provide a legal ground on Web accessibility implementation.

Personal Services: A Challenge for the Nineties

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
April D'Aubin
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Services ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Job Site

The lifestyles of people with disabilities have been changing rapidly during the last two decades. While in the past people with disabilities tended to remain within the confines of institutions for most of their lives, disabled citizens are now participating in all aspects of community life. Today disabled women and men are marrying, raising families, pursuing a variety of career options, doing volunteer work, and travelling. Many disabled people who lead challenging lifestyles also require personal services which are provided by readers, attendants, homemakers, resource facilitators, and job-site coaches. Consumers are finding that existing delivery systems either fail to meet their needs or unduly constrain their lifestyles. Consequently, people with disabilities have developed a strategy for how personal services should be delivered, and the Coalition of Provincial Organizations of the Handicapped's (COPOH) perspective on this issue is elucidated in this article. This report attempts to convey the concerns which have been raised at various consumer forums in personal testimonies by men and women with disabilities. This is in keeping with COPOH's role as the disabled consumer's voice in Canadian society.

THE 2017 AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW REFORM (MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE) ACT 1976: A MILESTONE OR A STONE’S THROW IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN FAMILY LAW?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-479
Author(s):  
Sridevi Thambapillay
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
Muslim Family

The Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 (LRA) which was passed in 1976 and came into force on 1st March 1982, standardized the laws concerning non-Muslim family matters. Many family issues concerning non-Muslim have emerged ever since, the most important being the effects of unilateral conversion to Islam by one of the parties to the marriage. There has been a lot of public hue and cry for amendments to be made to the LRA. After much deliberation, the Malaysian Parliament finally passed the amendments to the LRA in October 2017, which came into force in December 2018. Although the amendments have addressed selected family law issues, the most important amendment on child custody in a unilateral conversion to Islam was dropped from the Bill at the last minute. Howsoever, at the end of the day, the real question that needs to be addressed is whether the amendments have resolved the major issues that have arisen over the past four decades? Hence, the purpose of this article is as follows: first, to examine the brief background to the passing of the LRA, secondly, to analyse the 2017 amendments, thirdly, to identify the weaknesses that still exist in the LRA, and finally, to suggest recommendations to overcome these weaknesses by comparing the Malaysian position with the Singaporean position. In conclusion, it is submitted that despite the recent amendments to the LRA, much needs to be done to overcome all the remaining issues that have still not been addressed.

The Perils and Promises of Disability Biography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Helen Keller ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Biographical scholarship provides a means by which to understand the past. Disability biography writes disabled people into historical narratives and cultural discourses, acknowledging power, action, and consequence. Disability biography also analyzes the role of ableism in shaping relationships, systems of power, and societal ideals. When written with skilled storytelling, rigorous study, nuance, and insight, disability biography enriches analyses of people living in the past. Disability biography makes clear the multiple ways by which individuals and communities labor, make kinship, persevere, and both resist and create social change. When using a disability analysis, biographies of disabled people (particularly people famous for their disability, such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Helen Keller) reveal the relationality and historically embedded nature of disability. In an ableist world, such acts can be revolutionary.

Disability and Work During the Industrial Revolution in Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Blackie
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Paid Employment

A common claim in disability studies is that industrialization has marginalized disabled people by limiting their access to paid employment. This claim is empirically weak and rests on simplified accounts of industrialization. Use of the British coal industry during the period 1780–1880 as a case study shows that reassessment of the effect of the Industrial Revolution is in order. The Industrial Revolution was not as detrimental to the lives of disabled people as has often been assumed. While utopian workplaces for disabled people hardly existed, industrial sites of work did accommodate quite a large number of workers with impairments. More attention therefore needs to be paid to neglected or marginalized features of industrial development in the theorization of disability. Drawing on historical research on disability in the industrial workplace will help scholars better understand the significance of industrialization to the lives of disabled people, both in the past and the present.

scholarly journals Does the Law Determine What Heritage to Remember?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Sophie de Clippele
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ideological Manipulation

AbstractCultural heritage can offer tangible and intangible traces of the past. A past that shapes cultural identity, but also a past from which one sometimes wishes to detach oneself and which nevertheless needs to be remembered, even commemorated. These themes of memory, history and oblivion are examined by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur in his work La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli (2000). Inspired by these ideas, this paper analyses how they are closely linked to cultural heritage. Heritage serves as a support for memory, even if it can be mishandled, which in turn can affect heritage policies. Memory and heritage can be abused as a result of wounds from the past or for reasons of ideological manipulation or because of a political will to force people to remember. Furthermore, heritage, as a vehicule of memory, contributes to historical knowledge, but can remain marked by a certain form of subjectivism during the heritage and conservation operation, for which heritage professionals (representatives of the public authority or other experts) are responsible. Yet, the responsibility for conserving cultural heritage also implies the need to avoid any loss of heritage, and to fight against oblivion. Nonetheless, this struggle cannot become totalitarian, nor can it deprive the community of a sometimes salutary oblivion to its own identity construction. These theoretical and philosophical concepts shall be examined in the light of legal discourse, and in particular in Belgian legislation regarding cultural heritage. It is clear that the shift from monument to heritage broadens the legal scope and consequently raises the question of who gets to decide what is considered heritage according to the law, and whether there is something such as a collective human right to cultural heritage. Nonetheless, this broadening of the legislation extends the State intervention into cultural heritage, which in turn entails certain risks, as will be analysed with Belgium’s colonial heritage.

A general risk process and its properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Scheike
Keyword(s):  
Risk Process ◽  
Jump Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Jump Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
Jump Sizes

We construct a risk process, where the law of the next jump time or jump size can depend on the past through earlier jump times and jump sizes. Some distributional properties of this process are established. The compensator is found and some martingale properties are discussed.

scholarly journals The Development of Direct Payments in the UK: Implications for Social Justice

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Riddell ◽  
Charlotte Pearson ◽  
Debbie Jolly ◽  
Colin Barnes ◽  
Mark Priestley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disability Movement

Direct payments have been heralded by the disability movement as an important means to achieving independent living and hence greater social justice for disabled people through enhanced recognition as well as financial redistribution. Drawing on data from the ESRC funded project Disabled People and Direct Payments: A UK Comparative Perspective, this paper presents an analysis of policy and official statistics on use of direct payments across the UK. It is argued that the potential of direct payments has only partly been realised as a result of very low and uneven uptake within and between different parts of the UK. This is accounted for in part by resistance from some Labour-controlled local authorities, which regard direct payments as a threat to public sector jobs. In addition, access to direct payments has been uneven across impairment groups. However, from a very low base there has been a rapid expansion in the use of direct payments over the past three years. The extent to which direct payments are able to facilitate the ultimate goal of independent living for disabled people requires careful monitoring.

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