Organizational Structure

2011 ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H.J. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
N Form ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Professional Bureaucracy ◽  
The Brain

For many decades, organization scientists have paid considerable attention to the link between knowledge and organization structure. An early contributor to these discussions was Max Weber (1922), who elaborated his concepts of professional bureaucracy. History shows a multitude of other descriptions and propositions which depict knowledge-friendly organization structures such as the ‘organic form’ for knowledge-intensive innovation promoted by Burns and Stalker (1961), professional bureaucracies and adhocracies described by Mintzberg (1983), and the brain metaphor for organization structure (Morgan, 1986). Discussions on such knowledge­friendly organization structures led to many neologisms including the flexible, intelligent, smart, hypertext, N-form, inverted, network, cellular, or modular organization.

Organizational Structure

2011 ◽  
pp. 670-680
Author(s):  
Paul H.J. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
N Form ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Professional Bureaucracy ◽  
The Brain

For many decades, organization scientists have paid considerable attention to the link between knowledge and organization structure. An early contributor to these discussions was Max Weber (1922), who elaborated his concepts of professional bureaucracy. History shows a multitude of other descriptions and propositions which depict knowledge-friendly organization structures such as the ‘organic form’ for knowledge-intensive innovation promoted by Burns and Stalker (1961), professional bureaucracies and adhocracies described by Mintzberg (1983), and the brain metaphor for organization structure (Morgan, 1986). Discussions on such knowledge­friendly organization structures led to many neologisms including the flexible, intelligent, smart, hypertext, N-form, inverted, network, cellular, or modular organization.

Organizational Structure

2010 ◽  
pp. 1308-1318
Author(s):  
Paul H.J. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
N Form ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Professional Bureaucracy ◽  
The Brain

For many decades, organization scientists have paid considerable attention to the link between knowledge and organization structure. An early contributor to these discussions was Max Weber (1922), who elaborated his concepts of professional bureaucracy. History shows a multitude of other descriptions and propositions which depict knowledge-friendly organization structures such as the ‘organic form’ for knowledge-intensive innovation promoted by Burns and Stalker (1961), professional bureaucracies and adhocracies described by Mintzberg (1983), and the brain metaphor for organization structure (Morgan, 1986). Discussions on such knowledge­friendly organization structures led to many neologisms including the flexible, intelligent, smart, hypertext, N-form, inverted, network, cellular, or modular organization.

Microprocessor Architecture Era for Development Cloud Computing of Ministry of Electricity and Energy of Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 5199-5209
Author(s):  
Heba A. El-Khobby ◽  
Mostafa M. AbdElnaby ◽  
Abdel-Aziz Ibrahim Mahmoud HASSANIN ◽  
Abdallah D. Maziad
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
Competence Evaluation ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Services Evaluation ◽  
The Relationship

A development and evaluation the Cloud Computing (ClComp) of Ministry of Electricity and Energy of Egypt (MEEE) is presented in this paper. In order to be able to judge whether the ClComp of MEEE is competence, there is a need to develop criteria which performance can judged. Competency based standards and the ability to perform the activities within an occupation to the standard expected in the organization structure are presented. The key objective of Cloud Computing is to integrate Authorized Groups (AuthGs) development with the needs of the organization structures of MEEE. The ClComp of MEEE was developed jointly between the telecommunication information technology and ClComp services. Evaluation enables participant to distinguish between AuthGs centered view and a customer centered view of cloud computing of MEEE is competence evaluation. Recognize the main types of evaluation, explain the purpose of evaluation compare the approaches to cloud computing evaluation and review the relationship between the process and policy of evaluation are investigated. Microprocessor architecture presented an optimistic view of multicore scalability to develop the ClComp. Moreover this paper investigates the theoretical analysis of multiprocessor developing and scalability. The analysis was based on the laws of Amdahl's, Gustafson's, Hill's and Marty for fixed-workload condition. Moreover, challenged the difficulties to develop better cloud computing is taken into account. Also, multicore analysis of ClComp scalability, performance and power under fixed-time and memory-bound conditions are studied. These results complement existing studies and demonstrate that ClComp architectures are capable of extensive scalability and developing.

scholarly journals The unbalanced reorganization of weaker functional connections induces the altered brain network topology in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Mastrandrea ◽  
Fabrizio Piras ◽  
Andrea Gabrielli ◽  
Nerisa Banaj ◽  
Guido Caldarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNetwork neuroscience shed some light on the functional and structural modifications occurring to the brain associated with the phenomenology of schizophrenia. In particular, resting-state functional networks have helped our understanding of the illness by highlighting the global and local alterations within the cerebral organization. We investigated the robustness of the brain functional architecture in 44 medicated schizophrenic patients and 40 healthy comparators through an advanced network analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. The networks in patients showed more resistance to disconnection than in healthy controls, with an evident discrepancy between the two groups in the node degree distribution computed along a percolation process. Despite a substantial similarity of the basal functional organization between the two groups, the expected hierarchy of healthy brains' modular organization is crumbled in schizophrenia, showing a peculiar arrangement of the functional connections, characterized by several topologically equivalent backbones. Thus, the manifold nature of the functional organization’s basal scheme, together with its altered hierarchical modularity, may be crucial in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This result fits the disconnection hypothesis that describes schizophrenia as a brain disorder characterized by an abnormal functional integration among brain regions.

scholarly journals The Modular Organization of Pain Brain Networks: An fMRI Graph Analysis Informed by Intracranial EEG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Fauchon ◽  
David Meunier ◽  
Isabelle Faillenot ◽  
Florence B Pomares ◽  
Hélène Bastuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Noxious Heat ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Intracranial EEG (iEEG) studies have suggested that the conscious perception of pain builds up from successive contributions of brain networks in less than 1 s. However, the functional organization of cortico-subcortical connections at the multisecond time scale, and its accordance with iEEG models, remains unknown. Here, we used graph theory with modular analysis of fMRI data from 60 healthy participants experiencing noxious heat stimuli, of whom 36 also received audio stimulation. Brain connectivity during pain was organized in four modules matching those identified through iEEG, namely: 1) sensorimotor (SM), 2) medial fronto-cingulo-parietal (default mode-like), 3) posterior parietal-latero-frontal (central executive-like), and 4) amygdalo-hippocampal (limbic). Intrinsic overlaps existed between the pain and audio conditions in high-order areas, but also pain-specific higher small-worldness and connectivity within the sensorimotor module. Neocortical modules were interrelated via “connector hubs” in dorsolateral frontal, posterior parietal, and anterior insular cortices, the antero-insular connector being most predominant during pain. These findings provide a mechanistic picture of the brain networks architecture and support fractal-like similarities between the micro-and macrotemporal dynamics associated with pain. The anterior insula appears to play an essential role in information integration, possibly by determining priorities for the processing of information and subsequent entrance into other points of the brain connectome.

scholarly journals Radial structure of dolphin insula

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Casanova ◽  
Juan Trippe ◽  
Christopher Tillquist ◽  
Andrew Switala
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Cell Arrays ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Modular Structures ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe brain of the bottlenose dolphin exhibits patterns of isocortical parcellation and cytoarchitecture distinct from those seen in primates, yet cell clusters in anterior insula are comparable in scale to module-like cell arrangements found throughout isocortex in other placental mammalian species with long divergent evolutionary histories. This similarity may be due to common ancestry, or to convergence as a result of selective constraints on organization of connections within such modules. Differences reflect alternate arrangements of minicolumns, an elemental cytoarchitectonic motif of isocortex defined by radially oriented pyramidal cell arrays. In contrast with larger modular structures incorporating them, minicolumns have been highly conserved in mammalian evolution. In this study a previously validated imaging method was employed to assess verticality, D, a parameter indicating radial bias of isocortex. Photomicrographs of coronal Nissl-stained sections of dolphin anterior insular cortex were compared with sections from human brains of putatively homologous areas as well as other isocortical areas differing in modular organization. Dolphin insula exhibited a high degree of verticality consistent with conserved minicolumnar organization. Our findings indicate that a basic structural motif of isocortex is synapomorphic in a species of marine mammal exhibiting unique phylogenetically derived isocortical characteristics.

The Influence of Collaborative Web on Knowledge Management, Organizational Structure and Culture in Knowledge-Intensive Companies

2011 ◽  
pp. 184-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Kirchner ◽  
Mladen Cudanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Management Change ◽  
Community Orientation ◽  
Web Tools ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Knowledge-intensive companies are quickly changing, involving many people working in different activities. Knowledge in such companies is diverse and its proportions immense and steadily growing. The distribution of knowledge across project teams, communities of practice, and individuals is therefore an important factor. With collaborative Web, tools like wikis, blogs, or social networks are used for collaboration and knowledge sharing. In this chapter, we question what influence these tools have on knowledge management, organizational structure, and culture of knowledge-intensive companies. As a result of our interviews and surveys done in Serbia, we found that with collaborative Web, organizational structure, culture, and knowledge management change is perceived among employees and that employee’s loyalty changes from company orientation toward virtual community orientation.

INTERNATIONAL JOINT OPERATION ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGNS OF INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirly Lumeno ◽  
Puti Marzuki ◽  
Rizal Tamin ◽  
Indryati Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
Project Complexity ◽  
International Joint

This paper analyzes various international joint operation organization (IJO) structure designs of infrastructure projects in Indonesia. Organization structures of important infrastructure projects are studied. Surveys are conducted to collect primary and secondary data that also include interviews with key persons in each project’s management team. The results show that both integrated and non-integrated joint operation organizations exist in these infrastructure construction projects. The organization structure adopted depends on the type of the project, complexity of the construction, and type of joint operation agreements between partners. Authority distribution in each type of organization structure is also studied. In some cases, a shift in organization structures happened. It is revealed that more complicated construction projects mostly adopt a non-integrated IJO organization where the foreign partners have the responsibility to execute high technology construction parts. The position of General Manager in the two IJO organization types is mostly held by a foreign partner officer.

Computational Consequences of a Bias toward Short Connections

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Jacobs ◽  
Michael I. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
The Brain

A fundamental observation in the neurosciences is that the brain is a modular system in which different regions perform different tasks. Recent evidence, however, raises questions about the accuracy of this characterization with respect to neo-nates. One possible interpretation of this evidence is that certain aspects of the modular organization of the adult brain arise developmentally. To explore this hypothesis we wish to characterize the computational principles that underlie the development of modular systems. In previous work we have considered computational schemes that allow a learning system to discover the modular structure that is present in the environment (Jacobs, Jordan, & Barto, 1991). In the current paper we present a complementary approach in which the development of modularity is due to an architectural bias in the learner. In particular, we examine the computational consequences of a simple architectural bias toward short-range connections. We present simulations that show that systems that learn under the influence of such a bias have a number of desirable properties, including a tendency to decompose tasks into subtasks, to decouple the dynamics of recurrent subsystems, and to develop location-sensitive internal representations. Furthermore, the system's units develop local receptive and projective fields, and the system develops characteristics that are typically associated with topographic maps.

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