Genomic Databanks for Biomedical Informatics

2011 ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Andrea Maffezzoli ◽  
Marco Masseroli
Keyword(s):  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Genomics And Proteomics ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Access Data ◽  
Source Of Information

In the area of medical informatics, the recent ICT (information and communication technology) tools and systems supporting knowledge on sciences involved in the study of genes, chromosomes, and protein’s expression level in various organisms, that is genomics and proteomics, are becoming necessary to develop new prospects for the comprehension of mechanisms lying at the base of biological processes which cause a disease. This can allow more effective diagnostic and treatment methods and also personalized pharmacological therapies. At this purpose, the mutual intervention of different sciences, such as biology, medicine, engineering, informatics and mathematics, becomes an indispensable step: The development of a science embracing all these fields is identified in bioinformatics, which was conceived for the analysis, storage and processing of huge amount of biological data. The achievement of all the aforementioned operations involves the creation of the so-called genomic or proteomic databanks, which represent a major source of information on nucleotide sequences, as well as biological, clinical, physiological and bibliographical annotations related to singular sequences. There are different types of databanks based on their peculiar characteristics and features (such as primary and derivative or specialized databanks), and several ways to access data stored in these databanks; there are also specific bioinformatics databank-based tools developed to perform searching operations and to extract significant information, in order to summarize and compare gene annotations related to the causes of a disease and finally to identify a list of the most significant genes as cause of disease.

Genomic Databanks for Biomedical Informatics

2011 ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Andrea Maffezzoli ◽  
Marco Masseroli
Keyword(s):  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Genomics And Proteomics ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Access Data ◽  
Source Of Information

In the area of medical informatics, the recent ICT (information and communication technology) tools and systems supporting knowledge on sciences involved in the study of genes, chromosomes, and protein’s expression level in various organisms, that is genomics and proteomics, are becoming necessary to develop new prospects for the comprehension of mechanisms lying at the base of biological processes which cause a disease. This can allow more effective diagnostic and treatment methods and also personalized pharmacological therapies. At this purpose, the mutual intervention of different sciences, such as biology, medicine, engineering, informatics and mathematics, becomes an indispensable step: The development of a science embracing all these fields is identified in bioinformatics, which was conceived for the analysis, storage and processing of huge amount of biological data. The achievement of all the aforementioned operations involves the creation of the so-called genomic or proteomic databanks, which represent a major source of information on nucleotide sequences, as well as biological, clinical, physiological and bibliographical annotations related to singular sequences. There are different types of databanks based on their peculiar characteristics and features (such as primary and derivative or specialized databanks), and several ways to access data stored in these databanks; there are also specific bioinformatics databank-based tools developed to perform searching operations and to extract significant information, in order to summarize and compare gene annotations related to the causes of a disease and finally to identify a list of the most significant genes as cause of disease.

The Datalogical Drug Mule

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Juan Llamas-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Legal Structures

Borders and bodies are increasingly regulated by data-capturing mechanisms spread across the world through information and communication technologies. This article traces the features and implications of such a border-body datalogical entanglement through the figure of the drug mule. It analyzes government documents and recorded case studies to argue that this figure emerges from an assemblage of cultural narratives, legal structures, human labor, technical practices, and biological processes. The datalogical drug mule is already implicated in a struggle over what, and how, data is meaningful and actionable. Investigating this figure allows us to begin disentangling the data-driven mechanisms that constitute modern borders and bodies while at the same time accounting for analog continuities in contemporary practices of border security.

scholarly journals The Expression of miR-513c and miR-3163 was Downregulated in Tumor Tissues Compared with Margin Tissues of Patients With Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Delgir ◽  
Khandan Ilkhani ◽  
Asma Safi ◽  
Farhad Seif ◽  
Milad Bastami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Silico Analysis

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common invasive cancer with different subtypes that its metabolism is unique compared with normal cells. Glutamine is considered a critical nutrition for tumor cell growth and therefore, targeting glutamine metabolism, especially Glutaminase, which catalyzed the conversion of glutamine to glutamate can be beneficial to design anti-cancer agents. Recently, evidence has shown that miRNAs with short length and single strand properties play a significant role in regulating the genes related to glutamine metabolism and may control the development of cancer.Methods Since, in-silico analysis confirmed that miR-513c and miR-3163 might be involved in glutamine metabolism, the expression level of these two miRNAs was evaluated in eighty BC tissues and margin tissues. The data were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between expression level of these miRNAs and patient’s characteristics such as abortion history, family history, and age. Furthermore, in-silico analysis was applied to predict the potential biological processes and molecular pathways of miR-513c and miR-3163 based on its gene targets.Results In-silico studies revealed the top categories of biological processes and pathways that play a critical role in cancer development were target genes for miR-513c and miR-3163. The current study showed that miR-513c (P-value = 0.02062 and fold change= -2.3801) and miR-3163 (P-value = 0.02034 and fold change= -2.3792) were downregulated in tumor tissues compared to margin tissues. Furthermore, the subgroup studies did not show any substantial relationship between expression levels of these two miRNAs and factors such as age, family history cancer, and abortion.Conclusion Based on our data, miR-513c and miR-3163 may be offered as a potential diagnosis and therapeutic targets for patients with BC.

Digital Divide and Rural Communities

2013 ◽  
pp. 698-720
Author(s):  
John Garofalakis ◽  
Andreas Koskeris
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Source Of Information

During the last years, due to the wide spread of World Wide Web (WWW), the Internet has become one of the most valuable and effective communications media and the most inclusive source of information. However, in many cases the difficulties of establishing universal effective access could serve to reinforce current patterns of social exclusion and produce barriers to balanced development instead of supporting it. World widely there is a rising concern over the so-called “digital divide”–a term that refers to the gap existing in the opportunities to access advanced information and communication technologies between geographic areas or by individuals at different socioeconomic levels. The experience shows that specialized initiatives are needed for disadvantaged areas in order to anticipate expansion of current digital divide. This chapter is focusing on the specific instance of digital divide occurring in rural territories, and examines the ways to foster digital culture among citizens, utilizing a specific initiative (the so called “Telecentres”).

Determining the Role of Communication and Distribution Channels for Organic Foods

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
V. Aslihan Nasir ◽  
Suphan Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Organic Food Consumption ◽  
Source Of Information

While, the market for organic foods is growing; the proportion of consumers who buy organic foods is still considered low. The role of communication activities is very important for promoting the organic food consumption. In order to create awareness and generate demand for organic foods, companies need to use effective communication tools. Companies in the agribusiness sector try to take advantage of the information and communication technologies in the digital era with the purpose of communicating the value of their offer to consumers. Companies need to know which information sources (channels) are most influential in purchase decision while communicating with consumers. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine consumers' credibility perceptions of communication channels that are used to promote organic food. The great majority of the respondentsin this study mentioned that they had never seen organic food ads. However, a significant number of consumers who had seen organic food ads declared Internet as the medium they had exposed to organic food ads. Nevertheless, our study revealed that the respondents did not perceive Internet as a credible source of information about organic foods. Yet, online social networks were perceived as more reliable source of information about organic foods when compared to majority of traditional media such as radio and newspaper ads. The distribution channels that consumers prefer to purchase organic foods was also investigated; and it is found that a significant portion of the consumers choose supermarkets and neighborhood bazaars for their organic food shopping whereas Internet/online shops and pharmacy stores were shown as the least preferred shopping alternatives. Finally, a substantial majority of the consumers mentioned high prices and availability as the main barriers against buying organic foods.

Data Literacy and Citizenship

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy L. Borges-Rey
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Data Literacy ◽  
Vital Fluid ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Access Data

This chapter explores the challenges that emerge from a narrow understanding of the principles underpinning Big data, framed in the context of the teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics. This study considers the materiality of computerised data and examines how notions of data access, data sampling, data sense-making and data collection are nowadays contested by datafied public and private bodies, hindering the capacity of citizens to effectively understand and make better use of the data they generate or engage with. The study offers insights from secondary and documentary research and its results suggest that understanding data in less constraining terms, namely: a) as capable of secondary agency, b) as the vital fluid of societal institutions, c) as gathered or accessed by new data brokers and through new technologies and techniques, and d) as mediated by the constant interplay between public and corporate spheres and philosophies, could greatly enhance the teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics in the framework of current efforts to advance data literacy.

Impact of Patient Health Education on the Screening for Disease Test-Outcomes

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-189
Author(s):  
Thierry O. C. Edoh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Test Outcomes

Screening for diseases is a medical process to predict, prevent, detect, and cure a disease in people at high risk. However, it is limited in the quality and accuracy of the outcomes. The reason for this is the lack of long-term data about the health condition of the patient. Launching modern information and communication technology in the screening process has shown promise of improving the screening outcomes. A previous study has shown that patient education can positively impact the patient behavior face to a disease and can empower the patient to adopt a healthy lifestyle and thus avoid certain diseases. Offering medical education to the patient can positively impact screening outcomes since educated and empowered patients are more aware of certain diseases and can collect significant information. This can minimize the rate of false positive as well as false negative screening results. This chapter analyzes how medical education can contribute to improving screening outcomes.

scholarly journals The French Health Data Hub and the German Medical Informatics Initiatives: Two National Projects to Promote Data Sharing in Healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Cuggia ◽  
Stéphanie Combes
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Health Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Academic Hospitals ◽  
Access Data

Objective: The diversity and volume of health data have been rapidly increasing in recent years. While such big data hold significant promise for accelerating discovery, data use entails many challenges including the need for adequate computational infrastructure and secure processes for data sharing and access. In Europe, two nationwide projects have been launched recently to support these objectives. This paper compares the French Health Data Hub initiative (HDH) to the German Medical Informatics Initiatives (MII). Method: We analysed the projects according to the following criteria: (i) Global approach and ambitions, (ii) Use cases, (iii) Governance and organization, (iv) Technical aspects and interoperability, and (v) Data privacy access/data governance. Results: The French and German projects share the same objectives but are different in terms of methodologies. The HDH project is based on a top-down approach and focuses on a shared computational infrastructure, providing tools and services to speed projects between data producers and data users. The MII project is based on a bottom-up approach and relies on four consortia including academic hospitals, universities, and private partners. Conclusion: Both projects could benefit from each other. A Franco-German cooperation, extended to other countries of the European Union with similar initiatives, should allow sharing and strengthening efforts in a strategic area where competition from other countries has increased.

Impact of Patient Health Education on the Screening for Disease Test-Outcomes

2022 ◽  
pp. 370-396
Author(s):  
Thierry O. C. Edoh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Test Outcomes

Screening for diseases is a medical process to predict, prevent, detect, and cure a disease in people at high risk. However, it is limited in the quality and accuracy of the outcomes. The reason for this is the lack of long-term data about the health condition of the patient. Launching modern information and communication technology in the screening process has shown promise of improving the screening outcomes. A previous study has shown that patient education can positively impact the patient behavior face to a disease and can empower the patient to adopt a healthy lifestyle and thus avoid certain diseases. Offering medical education to the patient can positively impact screening outcomes since educated and empowered patients are more aware of certain diseases and can collect significant information. This can minimize the rate of false positive as well as false negative screening results. This chapter analyzes how medical education can contribute to improving screening outcomes.

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