Advancing End User Development Through Metadesign

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Costabile ◽  
Daniela Fogli ◽  
Rosa Lanzilotti ◽  
Piero Mussio ◽  
Loredana Parasiliti Provenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Practice ◽  
End Users ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
End User ◽  
User Communities ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Performance

End-user development means the active participation of end users in the software development process. In this perspective, tasks that are traditionally performed by professional software developers at design time are transferred to end users at use time. This creates a new challenge for software engineers: designing software systems that can be evolved by end users. Metadesign, a new design paradigm discussed in this chapter, is regarded as a possible answer to this challenge. In this line, we have developed a metadesign methodology, called Software Shaping Workshop methodology, that supports user work practice and allows experts in a domain to personalize and evolve their own software environments. We illustrate the Software Shaping Workshop methodology and describe its application to a project in the medical domain. The work proposes a new perspective on system personalization, distinguishing between customization and tailoring of software environments. The software environments are customized by the design team to the work context, culture, experience, and skills of the user communities; they are also tailorable by end users at runtime in order to adapt them to the specific work situation and users’ preferences and habits. The aim is to provide the physicians with software environments that are easy to use and adequate for their tasks, capable to improve their work practice and determine an increase in their productivity and performance.

Supporting Work Practice Through End-User Development Environments

2008 ◽  
pp. 1823-1842
Author(s):  
M. F. Costabile ◽  
D. Fogli ◽  
R. Lanzilotti
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
End Users ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Software Development Process ◽  
End User ◽  
And Performance

End-user development means the active participation of end users in the software development process. In this perspective, tasks that are traditionally performed by professional software developers are transferred to end users, who need to be specifically supported in performing these tasks. We have developed a methodology that supports user work practice and metadesign, allowing experts in a domain to personalize and evolve their own software environments. In this article we illustrate how this methodology is applied to a project for the development of an interactive system in the medical domain. Physicians and their activities have been carefully analyzed through a field study that is reported in the article, in order to provide them with computer systems that may improve their work practice and determine an increase in their productivity and performance, that is, a better quality of diagnosis and medical cure, with the achievement of competitive advantage for the organization they work in.

Beyond Solo End-User Programming

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Christopher Scaffidi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
End Users ◽  
End User ◽  
Programming Environments ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
End User Programming ◽  
Software Engineers

Many end-user programming environments are “reuse environments” that store and organize code so users can extend, adapt, and combine existing code. Yet to date, no well-validated, theory-based body of design principles exists for guiding the development of these reuse environments. The contribution of this survey paper is to identify relevant theoretical perspectives and candidate design principles by which these theories could be extended, adapted, and/or applied to the problem of understanding how and when end-user programmers reuse code. In particular, based on this survey, candidate principles are identified that (1) could be used to guide the design of environments for end-user reuse of code, (2) are grounded in theory, and (3) have preliminary empirical support. This contribution is beneficial because successfully applying these principles could increase the benefit of end-user programming by helping software engineers to deliver effective programming environments to end users.

scholarly journals Effect of User Sessions on the Heuristic Usability Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehad Alqurni ◽  
Roobaea Alroobaea ◽  
Mohammed Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
End Users ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Heuristic Evaluation ◽  
End User ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Session ◽  
Usability Evaluation Methods ◽  
User Review

Heuristic evaluation (HE) is a widely used method for assessing software systems. Several studies have sought to improve the effectiveness of HE by developing its heuristics and procedures. However, few studies have involved the end-user, and to the best of the authors' knowledge, no HE studies involving end-users with non-expert evaluators have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of end-users on the results obtained by a non-expert evaluator within the HE process, and through that, to explore the number of usability problems and their severity. This article proposes introducing two sessions within the HE process: a user exploration session (UES-HE) and a user review session (URS-HE). The outcomes are compared with two solid benchmarks in the usability-engineering field: the traditional HE and the usability testing (UT) methods. The findings show that the end-user has a significant impact on non-expert evaluator results in both sessions. In the UES-HE method, the results outperformed all usability evaluation methods (UEMs) regarding the usability problems identified, and it tended to identify more major, minor, and cosmetic problems than other methods.

Personal and Situational Factors as Predictors of End User Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 64-84
Author(s):  
I. M. Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
End Users ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Performance ◽  
End User ◽  
Performance Suggestions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Influence Behavior ◽  
End User Computing

End-user computing (EUC) has the potential to enhance productivity. However, for this potential to be realized, end users must learn EUC skills and perform at high levels. Because of the significance of end user performance to organizations, it is important to uncover factors that influence end user performance. However, prior research has relied almost exclusively on person factors to predict end user performance even though several models suggest that both person and situational factors influence behavior and performance. This limitation of previous research was overcome by examining the influence of both person and situational factors on end user performance. The three person factors and four situational factors investigated in this study, together, explained almost 40% of the variance in end user performance. Suggestions to enhance end user performance are offered, and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The impact of end-userś participation (cancer patients) during the optimization process

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Houwaart
Keyword(s):  
End Users ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Patient Organization ◽  
End User ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Organizations ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract End-user (e.g. patients or the public) testing of information material is becoming more common in the German public health care system. However, including the end-user (in this case patients) in an optimisation process and thus enabling a close collaboration while developing PIMs is still rare. This is surprising, given the fact that patients provide the exact perspective one is trying to address. Within the isPO project, a patient organization is included as a legal project partner to act as the patient representative and provide the patient's perspective. As such, the patient organization was included in the PHR approach as part of the PIM-optimisation team. During the optimisation process, the patients gave practical insights into the procedures of diagnosing and treating different types of cancer as well as into the patient's changing priorities and challenges at different time points. This was crucial information for the envisioned application of the individual PIMs and their hierarchical overview. Moreover, the developed PIM-checklist enabled the patients to give detailed feedback to the PIMs. With their experience of being in the exact situation in which the PIMs will be applied, their recommendations, especially on the wording and layout of the materials, have been a valuable contribution to the PIM optimisation process. In this part of the seminar, we will take a closer look at the following skill building aspects: What is gained from including patients as end-users in the development and optimization of PIM?How can we reach patients to contribute to a PIM optimization process? Which requirements and prerequisites do patients have to provide to successfully work on an optimisation team?How to compromise and weigh opinions when different ideas occur? Altogether, this part will construct a structured path of productive patient involvement and help to overcome uncertainties regarding a collaboration with patient organizations.

scholarly journals Modelling End-User Behavior and Behavioral Change in Smart Grids. An Application of the Model of Frame Selection

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6674
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hoffmann ◽  
Fabian Adelt ◽  
Johannes Weyer
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
End Users ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
System Stability ◽  
End User ◽  
Frame Selection ◽  
Model Of Frame Selection ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
Strong Control

This paper presents an agent-based model (ABM) for residential end-users, which is part of a larger, interdisciplinary co-simulation framework that helps to investigate the performance of future power distribution grids (i.e., smart grid scenarios). Different modes of governance (strong, soft and self-organization) as well as end-users’ heterogeneous behavior represent key influential factors. Feedback was implemented as a measure to foster grid-beneficial behavior, which encompasses a range of monetary and non-monetary incentives (e.g., via social comparison). The model of frame selection (MFS) serves as theoretical background for modelling end-users’ decision-making. Additionally, we conducted an online survey to ground the end-user sub-model on empirical data. Despite these empirical and theoretical foundations, the model presented should be viewed as a conceptual framework, which requires further data collection. Using an example scenario, representing a lowly populated residential area (167 households) with a high share of photovoltaic systems (30%), different modes of governance were compared with regard to their suitability for improving system stability (measured in cumulated load). Both soft and strong control were able to decrease overall fluctuations as well as the mean cumulated load (by approx. 10%, based on weekly observation). However, we argue that soft control could be sufficient and more societally desirable.

NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT BUILDINGS AND CITIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Widera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
End User ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
And Performance

The paper addresses the topic of nature-based solutions applied in the architectural and urban design. These ideas are analyzed in the context of the opportunities they create for the humanity in terms of the sustainable growth and environmental protection. Nature-based solutions are inherently taken from nature. The first part of the paper presents their tremendous potential to be energy and resource-efficient, and resilient to change. In the second part of the research particular concepts driven from nature (copied form nature or inspired by nature) proposed for the buildings and cities are described and evaluated. The author discusses their functional usefulness, spatial appropriateness, adaptation to local conditions, end-user comfort, environmental benefits and the possibility of duplication. Nature-based solutions applied in urban planning can make cities more climate resilient and contribute to ecosystems restoration. The paper describes how sustainable urbanization can stimulate economic growth, make cities more attractive and enhance well-being of the inhabitants. It is also explained how particular buildings can benefit from the concepts driven from nature e.g. by increasing their energy efficiency and performance in terms of raw material consumption. In purpose to properly response to the climate challenge, humanity has to establish a new kind of partnership with nature. Using nature-based solutions should be considered as an important part of this approach. The concepts presented in this paper show some of the most promising options, such as integration of living systems with built systems and innovative combinations of soft and hard engineering. In conclusion some of the most promising nature-based solutions for climate resilient buildings and cities are indicated

SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING IN INDIAN GOVERNMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Vishnu Choudhari ◽  
Dr. Ashish B Sasankar
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Security ◽  
End Users ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
End User ◽  
Cloud Service Providers

Abstract –Today Security issue is the topmost problem in the cloud computing environment. It leads to serious discomfort to the Governance and end-users. Numerous security solutions and policies are available however practically ineffective in use. Most of the security solutions are centered towards cloud technology and cloud service providers only and no consideration has been given to the Network, accessing, and device securities at the end-user level. The discomfort at the end-user level was left untreated. The security of the various public, private networks, variety of devices used by end-users, accessibility, and capacity of end-users is left untreated. This leads towards the strong need for the possible modification of the security architecture for data security at all levels and secured service delivery. This leads towards the strong need for the possible adaption of modified security measures and provisions, which shall provide secured hosting and service delivery at all levels and reduce the security gap between the cloud service providers and end-users. This paper investigates the study and analyze the security architecture in the Cloud environment of Govt. of India and suggest the modifications in the security architecture as per the changing scenario and to fulfill the future needs for the secured service delivery from central up to the end-user level. Keywords: Cloud Security, Security in GI Cloud, Cloud Security measures, Security Assessment in GI Cloud, Proposed Security for GI cloud

Ten conversations about identity preservation

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Goldsmith ◽  
Karen Bender
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Food System ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
End Users ◽  
End User ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Identity Preservation ◽  
Needs Assessments ◽  
Current Risk

Dynamics in the global food system, along with a cascade of technologies, drive demands for capturing information and sharing information vertically within the supply chain. Food safety, genetic engineering, and animal welfare all have contributed to the need for enhanced information flow within the supply chain. Identity preservation in grains and oilseeds is an emerging issue that may influence the structure of agriculture in the longer term. This research addresses the following questions. While demand for high-information grains appears to be growing, where and how along the supply chain is the value created and captured? Though it appears that the economy demands ever-increasing amounts of differentiation, why do opportunities for producers and life science companies to create and capture significant new sources of value remain elusive? To answer these questions needs assessments were conducted with grain procurement executives. Their responses reveal the "buyer's calculus" where buyers balance investment in specific relationship assets with the market uplift or risk mitigation return it generates. Buying from a competitively structured industry has numerous benefits. There is a "cost" or tradeoff leaving the spot market procurement model in favor of a relationship-based model; hence the calculus. The current equilibrium state reflects the current risk-adjusted value proposition suppliers deliver to end users. Though end-user benefits are on the horizon with the next generation of biotechnologies, their emergence is insufficient to guarantee farmers and life science greater returns. End users will always balance the risk mitigation and market uplift features of a supply offering with the risks of narrowing their supply base. To drive value up the chain, suppliers need to shift away from focusing solely on the products of the future and focus on the technologies, delivery systems, and organizational models that, when bundled with new products solve problems and make end users more competitive.

Supply chain integration and its impact on sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 1749-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingu Kang ◽  
Ma Ga (Mark) Yang ◽  
Youngwon Park ◽  
Baofeng Huo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of supply chain integration (SCI) in improving sustainability management practices (SMPs) and performance. Design/methodology/approach Based on data collected from 931 manufacturing firms in multiple countries and regions, the authors conducted a structural equation modeling analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The findings suggest that supplier and customer integration are vital enablers for both intra- and inter-organizational SMPs. The results also reveal that both intra- and inter-organizational SMPs are significantly and positively associated with sustainability performance (i.e. economic, environmental and social performance) and function as complements to jointly enhance environmental and social performance. Originality/value This study incorporates SCI into the sustainability literature, providing a new perspective on sustainability and supply chain management research.

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