Representations of Tribal Boundaries of Australian Indigenous Peoples and the Implications for Geographic Information Systems

2007 ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Turk
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Indigenous Law ◽  
Boundary Limit ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
It Practices

This chapter explores the concepts of boundary (“limit of country”) held by indigenous Australians and how they might be represented in computer-based information systems, especially geographic information systems (GIS) and digital cadastre databases. The impact of these representational issues on native title processes and determinations will also be discussed. The analysis provides a partial understanding of the nature of tribal boundaries, especially variations which occur in the physical definition of boundaries and their (intentional and unintentional) indeterminacy. The chapter goes on to draw some conclusions regarding the representation of indigenous boundaries in the property cadastres of Australian States and Territories. If such “official” boundaries are to do justice to indigenous law and culture, they must reasonably reflect the ontology and epistemology of the concepts of boundary held by indigenous Australians. Hence, there is a significant interaction between constraints imposed by particular information technology (IT) practices and indigenous concepts of place.

scholarly journals Extraction of Naturalistic Driving Patterns with Geographic Information Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Balsa-Barreiro ◽  
Pedro M. Valero-Mora ◽  
Mónica Menéndez ◽  
Rashid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Driving Patterns ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract A better understanding of Driving Patterns and their relationship with geographical driving areas could bring great benefits for smart cities, including the identification of good driving practices for saving fuel and reducing carbon emissions and accidents. The process of extracting driving patterns can be challenging due to issues such as the collection of valid data, clustering of population groups, and definition of similar behaviors. Naturalistic Driving methods provide a solution by allowing the collection of exhaustive datasets in quantitative and qualitative terms. However, exploiting and analyzing these datasets is complex and resource-intensive. Moreover, most of the previous studies, have constrained the great potential of naturalistic driving datasets to very specific situations, events, and/or road sections. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for extracting driving patterns from naturalistic driving data, even from small population samples. We use Geographic Information Systems (GIS), so we can evaluate drivers’ behavior and reactions to certain events or road sections, and compare across situations using different spatial scales. To that end, we analyze some kinematic parameters such as speeds, acceleration, braking, and other forces that define a driving attitude. Our method favors an adequate mapping of complete datasets enabling us to achieve a comprehensive perspective of driving performance.

Urban Environmental Applications of GIScience

2013 ◽  
pp. 602-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buket Ayşegul Ozbakir
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Computer Based

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based systems used to store and manipulate geographical data, and perform spatial analysis. These systems serve to reveal the patterns, relationships, and anomalies, or sometimes invisible characteristics of the geographical data in various applications. While the term “GIS” indicates an object or tool, GIScience, the acronym for Geographic Information Science, covers a broader context of methodologies behind spatial data analysis. Among different application areas of GIS, “environmental monitoring and modeling” plays a significant role in the development of the very first GIS in the world-The Canada Geographic Information Systems (CGIS) in the mid-1960s. After almost 40 years of history, significant changes and challenges took place in the geographic information research agenda. This chapter will point out some of the vital tools and methods used in GIScience (including GIS, remote sensing and 3D modeling) to grasp issues of our urban environments. With recent technological advances that facilitate our understanding of the environment; it is more evident that the vision of more “livable” cities is not too far but not easy as well.

Regional Network Analysis of Primary-Industry Truck Traffic on Public Roads in New Zealand by Using Geographic Information Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
Truck Traffic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Logging Truck

Industrial forestry activities in New Zealand are now in a phase of unprecedented growth: the annual cut will double from 18 million m3 to well over 30 million m3 a year during the next 5 years. Given that most of the wood is taken from forest to mill or port by road in New Zealand, including a portion of the trip on public highways, the impacts of the doubling in logging truck traffic will be significant and severe. New Zealand’s roads have, for the most part, thin-sealed, unbound pavements. New Zealand’s second-largest industrial sector is tourism. Pavements and tourists will feel the impact of the looming increase in logging truck traffic unless steps are taken to anticipate the changes in traffic volumes and patterns. There is the complicating factor that the dairy industry too is now expanding rapidly with associated increases in raw milk tanker traffic. There is some friction between the forest industry and the dairy industry over which will be responsible for the increased strengthening, rehabilitation, and maintenance of roads. Research is under way to use regional network analysis and geographic information systems to predict the increases in heavy-truck traffic and changes in its distribution on public roads. This is the first step toward devising measures to mitigate the impacts and is a precursor to the implementation of pavement management. A unique opportunity exists in southern New Zealand: cooperation between forest operators and government agencies in the Otago and Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand on large-scale projects, providing the environment needed to examine such large, landscape-scale problems.

Using Geographic Information Systems to Analyze the Distribution and Abundance of Aedes aegypti in Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Joseph Wetherilt Behrens ◽  
Chester G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Road Data ◽  
The Impact

Increasing attention is being paid to the impact of global climate change on yellow fever and dengue outbreaks. While useful, these studies neglect the role that travel may play in the distribution of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of both viruses. Even less attention has been paid to the role travel patterns play in affecting the ecology of this vector. To help refocus the debate and illustrate how geographic information systems (GIS) can assist analysis, a global study of Ae. aegypti was digitized. Subsequently, several basic and advanced analyses of the surveys located in Africa were undertaken. Publicly available road data for the continent were included, along with recently published LandScan population data. A novel method for examining correlations within the data at various distances was developed. These correlations were then substantiated using Monte Carlo simulation techniques and found to be significant at p<0.001.

scholarly journals A Censual-Cartographic Analysis of Khamis M. Population Distribution: Interpreting Asir Census Buru Report, 1431H: تحليل الخريطة الكمية بتطبيق نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS: دراسة تطبيقية على خريطة توزيع السكان بمحافظة خميس مشيط - وفق تقرير هيئة الإحصاء - لمنطقة عسير لعام 1431هـ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemah Mohmmad Fayez
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cognitive Awareness ◽  
Definition Of

GIS occupies a prominent place in the geographical arena. Has helped technical development in the field of cartography, one of those is to organize in the representation of natural and human geographical phenomena and to clarify the spatial relationships between those phenomena in a template A beautiful artistic and technical concept and style that is easy to understand. In some sources, this type of map is called statistical maps Due to the nature of the data and the quantitative methods that cartography depends on in its production. This study deals with the statistical data of the population in Khamis Mushait, and it was represented in some considerations on four maps This study was followed in its presentation and analysis of the four approaches (critical, analytical, experimental and applied). The study presented the definition of quantitative maps, their importance, the foundations of their classification, their types, the foundations of their construction and the methods of representation Al Cartography that you use, as the study dealt with quantitative maps in geographic information systems, and reviewed the most important The programs available for producing electronic maps are the most suitable and widely used types of representation symbols for representing geographical data Phenomena in every map. The study presented the applied steps used in producing quantitative maps in geographic information systems on population maps in Khamis Mushait governorate. The study also dealt with an inventory of the contents of the maps, their evaluation, analysis and classification in descending order according to the statistical data made available to the researcher. The problem of the study emerged in the lack of awareness of the vital role of geographic information systems and their various programs in producing maps Quantitative, and some reluctance to use and activate methods of location analysis on GIS maps and its various sources in the representation of phenomena on quantitative maps. The study found the importance of quantitative maps in geographic information systems and their high capabilities in producing and dealing with maps, the variation in their fields of display and the ease of application despite the lack of a number of graphical tools that can be applied in traditional methods and the need to link them, the limited use of GIS programs despite their cognitive importance and role. In building awareness of the place and the possibility of expanding its use, in addition to the need for the user and recipient of the map to have high skill and cognitive awareness sufficient to read and correctly interpret the components of the treasure and simulate reality. The study concluded with the results and recommendations.

scholarly journals Education and Training in Applied Remote Sensing in Africa: The ARCSSTE-E Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Agbaje ◽  
Omowumi Alabi ◽  
Etim Offiong
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Technology Education ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Science And Technology Education ◽  
The Impact

In Africa, there is growing knowledge regarding the use of data obtained by remote sensing and analysed while using Geographic Information Systems for solving myriad problems. The awareness has largely arisen through the efforts of the Programme on Space Applications (PSA) of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), and the subsequent UN resolutions for the establishment of Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education, to train scientists and researchers in different thematic areas of space, including Remote Sensing/Geographic Information Systems (RS/GIS). The African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E) is one of these regional centres. The Centre has successfully trained 474 professionals from 18 countries since its inception in 1998; about 14% of these trainees have been female. This paper highlights the training programmes of ARCSSTE-E from its inception, and discusses the potential areas of improvement with a focus on the RS/GIS area. In 2019, a survey was conducted on alumni of the Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) programme of ARCSSTE-E. Based on the analysis of their responses and the progression of the PGD programme to a new Masters programme in RS/GIS at the university, there is clear evidence regarding the impact of the UNOOSA-assisted capacity building programme on the work and career of alumni, which has already produced an appreciable number of trained personnel in developing countries in Africa.

scholarly journals SUBSTANTIATION OF THE APPROPRIATENESS OF APPLYING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN LANDSCAPE-ECOLOGICAL MONITORING

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
V. Zatserkovnyi ◽  
L. Plichko ◽  
О. Prylipko ◽  
O. Nikolaienko ◽  
T. Muzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
The Impact

Modern cities are characterized by such negative effects of civilization as urban densification, the pollution of air, water, soil, increasing noise and vibration pollution level, heat islands, the impact of magnetic, electric, ionization fields, etc. There is an unprecedented speed and scale of using various natural resources and contaminating the environment with production and consumption wastes. One of the efficient mechanisms of counteracting these negative effects is landscape-ecological monitoring (LEM) of the present urban ecological infrastructure (constructions and objects designed for protection, restoration and improvement of the natural environment) which is meant to provide the compensating resistance to the consequences of anthropogenic impact. LEM is significant when developing the evidence-based urban environmental policy and optimizing the environmental management system. Taking effective managerial decisions on the improvement of urban environmental situation requires complete and accurate information about basic natural conditions. The research focused on systematic gathering of data on an area mostly belongs to the field of landscape-ecological mapping. The authors have substantiated the necessity of using geographic information systems (GIS) in LEM and presented a model of assessing information gain which can be obtained when applying GIS in LEM. This model enables to assess the reduction of entropy (enhance information content) of LEM system by applying GIS. According to the authors' estimation, the introduction of GIS to LEM will enable to reduce entropy (uncertainty) of a system almost by half, that indicates the need of applying GIS in LEM.

scholarly journals Paper on the conceptual definition of the geo-topographic support

Vojno delo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Dejan Đorđević ◽  
Dragoljub Sekulović
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Support Principle ◽  
Definition Of

The Serbian Armed Forces support represents a part of the military activity aimed at creating conditions for the execution of missions and tasks. For successful support, it is necessary to establish the cooperation with relevant institutions of the Republic of Serbia. The conceptual definition of the geo-topographic support has been researched in the context of previous and current regulations, which have shown that the achievements of information and communications technology have influenced not only the development of the geographic information systems, but also directly the definition of this concept. The importance of the geographic information systems in the collection, processing, analysis and use of geospatial data has also determined the contents of the geo-topographic support. The continuous development of the geographic information systems in the direction of establishing a service-oriented approach to the distribution and use of geospatial data, will directly affect the future improvement of the content of the geo-topographic support. Such a process is accompanied by the establishment of the geo-topographic support principle, which should enable the construction and maintenance of a stable structure, in order to successfully carry out the assigned missions and tasks of the Serbian Armed Forces.

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