Speech-Based UI Design for the Automobile

2008 ◽  
pp. 237-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
Bret Harsham ◽  
Bhiksha Raj ◽  
Clifton Forlines
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Short List ◽  
New Model ◽  
Ui Design ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

In this chapter we discuss a variety of topics relating to speech-based user interfaces for use in an automotive environment. We begin by presenting a number of design principles for the design of such interfaces, derived from several decades of combined experience in the development and evaluation of spoken user interfaces (UI) for automobiles, along with three case studies of current automotive navigation interfaces. Finally, we present a new model for speech-based user interfaces in automotive environments that recasts the goal of the UI from supporting the navigation among and selection from multiple states to that of selecting the desired command from a short list. We also present experimental evidence that UIs based on this approach can impose significantly lower cognitive load on a driver than conventional UIs.

The effects of cognitive load on query reformulation: mental demand, temporal demand and frustration

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungsik Na
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Query Reformulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasa Tlx

PurposeThis study explores the effects of cognitive load on the propensity to reformulate queries during information seeking on the web.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs an experimental design to analyze the effect of manipulations of cognitive load on the propensity for query reformulation between experimental and control groups. In total, three affective components that contribute to cognitive load were manipulated: mental demand, temporal demand and frustration.FindingsA significant difference in the propensity of query reformulation behavior was found between searchers exposed to cognitive load manipulations and searchers who were not exposed. Those exposed to cognitive load manipulations made half as many search query reformulations as searchers not exposed. Furthermore, the National Aeronautical and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) cognitive load scores of searchers who were exposed to the three cognitive load manipulations were higher than those of searchers who were not exposed indicating that the manipulation was effective. Query reformulation behavior did not differ across task types.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that a dual-task method and NASA-TLX assessment serve as good indicators of cognitive load. Because the findings show that cognitive load hinders a searcher's interaction with information search tools, this study provides empirical support for reducing cognitive load when designing information systems or user interfaces.

Talking Behind Your Back: Communication and Team Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Abbink ◽  
Lu Dong ◽  
Lingbo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Team Communication ◽  
Team Cooperation ◽  
Profit Allocation ◽  
Asymmetric Communication ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

Communication is one of the most effective devices in promoting team cooperation. However, asymmetric communication sometimes breeds collusion and hurts team efficiency. Here, we present experimental evidence showing that excluding one member from team communication hurts team cooperation; the communicating partners collude in profit allocation against the excluded member, and the latter reacts by exerting less effort. Allowing the partners to reach out to the excluded member partially restores cooperation and fairness in profit allocation, but it does not stop the partners from talking behind that member’s back even when they could have talked publicly. The partners sometimes game the system by tricking the excluded member into contributing but then grabbing all profits for themselves. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Towards a New Model of SMEs' Internationalization

2014 ◽  
pp. 204-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Della Corte
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
International Level ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
New Model

This chapter aims at exploring the internationalization of small and medium sized enterprises through the search within the referring literature for the main models challenging the internationalization process. In the light of the weaknesses and strengths as well as of the related gaps of such models, this study builds and presents a new model that is able to address the issue of both gradual and rapid growth at international level. This model, thanks to the supposed variables (roots of resources and development and direction trough which these resources are valorized) and mechanisms, offers interesting theoretical and managerial insights for the analysis of the internationalization process characterized by increasing uncertainty. Finally, the model is tested through the analysis of two case studies.

Moral Perceptions of Advised Actions

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3904-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas C. Coffman ◽  
Alexander Gotthard-Real
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Relational Contract ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

Can an organization avoid blame for an unpopular action when an adviser advises it to do it? We present experimental evidence suggesting this is the case—advice to be selfish substantially decreases punishment of being selfish. Further, this result is true despite advisers’ misaligned incentives, known to all: Through a relational contract incentive, advisers are motivated to tell the decision makers what they want to hear. Through incentivized elicitations, we find suggestive evidence that advice moves punishment by affecting beliefs of how necessary the selfish action was. In follow-up treatments, however, we show advice does not decrease punishment solely through a beliefs channel. Advice not only changes beliefs about what happened, but also the perceived morality of it. Finally, in treatments in which advisers are available, the data suggest selfish decision makers act more selfishly. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics.

A new model for knowledge management

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Model ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – We are, as we are constantly reminded, in a knowledge economy, and as such are liable to succumb to different market forces and variations than in previous paradigms. However if this is true, there is a central irony to our development of business activities in this area, in that there seems to be somewhat of a vacuum of knowledge about the knowledge economy. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Tangible Design Media: Toward An Interactive CAD Platform

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taysheng Jeng ◽  
Chia-Hsun Lee
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Tangible User Interface ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Design Media

This paper presents an interactive CAD platform that uses a tangible user interface to visualize and modify 3D geometry through manipulation of physical artifacts. The tangible user interface attempts to move away from the commonly used non-intuitive desktop CAD environment to a 3D CAD environment that more accurately mimics traditional desktop drawing and pin-up situations. An important goal is to reduce the apparent complexity of CAD user interfaces and reduce the cognitive load on designers. Opportunities for extending tangible design media toward an interactive CAD platform are discussed.

Convergence and intonation: historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA COLANTONI ◽  
JORGE GURLEKIAN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Contrastive Focus ◽  
Italian Immigration ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Intonational Phrases ◽  
Pitch Accents ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

In this paper we present experimental evidence showing that Buenos Aires Spanish differs from other Spanish varieties in the realization of pre-nuclear pitch accents and in the final fall in broad focus declarative utterances. Whereas other Spanish varieties have been described consistently as showing late peak alignments, Buenos Aires Spanish displays early peak alignments. The alignment pattern found in Buenos Aires broad focus declarative utterances is not totally foreign to Spanish: it is attested in a quite different function, i.e. to signal contrastive focus. In addition, Buenos Aires Spanish also seems to differ from other Spanish varieties in the realization of the intonation contour in utterance-final intonational phrases, where a pronounced tendency for down-stepped peaks is observed. We argue that these patterns, which emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, and coincided with the peak of Italian immigration, are due to a combination of direct and indirect transfer from Italian. As a result, two intonational systems that were typologically similar before contact took place (Hualde, 2002) became more similar after contact, in what can be interpreted as a case of convergence.

The United Kingdom’s Statutory Constitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-481
Author(s):  
Athanasios Psygkas
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
New Model ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
History Of

Abstract The emergence of the UK’s statutory constitution has challenged the old Diceyan adage that ‘neither the Act of Union with Scotland nor the Dentists Act 1878 has more claim than the other to be considered supreme law’. This article reconceptualises constitutional statutes, offering a three-pronged approach to identifying such legislation. This new model examines the content of the statute, the history of enacting the constitutional statute (the ‘life of the Bill’), and the post-enactment history (the ‘life of the statute’). The proposed framework reflects a historical approach to constitutionalism and gives weight not only to judicial practice, but also to the interactions between other constitutional actors and to popular endorsement. Four case studies of statutes demonstrate how the new model adds layers to, and diverges from, the current judicial approach. Finally, the article describes the implications of taking constitutional statutes seriously under the proposed approach.

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