A Grid Paradigm for e-Science Applications

2011 ◽  
pp. 644-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Torterolo ◽  
Luca Corradi ◽  
Barbara Canesi ◽  
Marco Fato ◽  
Roberto Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Integration Techniques ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Complex Integration ◽  
Grid Application

This chapter describes a Grid oriented platform -the Bio Med Portal- as a new tool to promote collaboration and cooperation among scientists and healthcare research groups, enabling the remote use of resources integrated in complex software platform services forming a virtual laboratory. In fact, nowadays many biomedicine studies are dealing with large, distributed, and heterogeneous repositories as well as with computationally demanding analyses, and complex integration techniques are more often required to handle this complexity. The Bio Med Portal is designed to host several medical services and it is able to deploy several analysis algorithms. The scope of this chapter is both to present a Grid application with its own medical use case and to emphasize the benefit that a new Design Paradigm based on Grid could provide to research groups spread in geographically distributed sites.

A Knowledge Management Tool for the Interconnection of Communities of Practice

2013 ◽  
pp. 56-76
Author(s):  
Élise Lavoué ◽  
Sébastien George ◽  
Patrick Prévôt
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Geographically Distributed

In their daily practice, practitioners belong to local communities of practice (CoPs) within their organisation. This knowledge is rarely capitalised upon because discussions are mainly verbal. Practitioners can also belong to general CoPs online. Within these general CoPs, discussions are rarely linked to the context in which they appeared, since the members are from different companies or institutions. This paper (1) connects these two levels of CoPs by contacting practitioners belonging to CoPs centred on the same general activity but who are geographically distributed and (2) capitalises on the produced knowledge by contextualising, allowing it to be accessible and reusable by all the members. The authors detail the main results of the research: (1) a model of the interconnection of CoPs (ICP) to support knowledge sharing and dissemination; and (2) a specific knowledge management tool for the ICP knowledge base. The authors apply the model and platform to university tutors by: (1) developing a use case, which links the model and the TE-Cap 2 platform and highlights the new possibilities offered by the knowledge management tool; and (2) conducting a descriptive investigation lasting for five months.

scholarly journals Enrolment in clinical research at UCLH and geographically distributed indices of deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Holger Engleitner ◽  
Ashwani Jha ◽  
Daniel Herron ◽  
Amy Nelson ◽  
Geraint Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Local Disease ◽  
University College London ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Studies

Healthcare should be judged by its equity as well as its quality. Both aspects depend not only on the characteristics of service delivery but also on the research and innovation that ultimately shape them. Conducting a fully-inclusive evaluation of the relationship between enrolment in primary research studies at University College London Hospitals NHS Trust and indices of deprivation, here we demonstrate a quantitative approach to evaluating equity in healthcare research and innovation. We surveyed the geographical locations, aggregated into Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs), of all England-resident UCLH patients registered as enrolled in primary clinical research studies. We compared the distributions of ten established indices of deprivation across enrolled and non-enrolled areas within Greater London and within a distance-matched subset across England. Bayesian Poisson regression models were used to examine the relation between deprivation and the volume of enrolment standardized by population density and local disease prevalence. A total of 54593 enrolments covered 4401 LSOAs in Greater London and 10150 in England, revealing wide geographical reach. The distributions of deprivation indices were similar between enrolled and non-enrolled areas, exhibiting median differences from 0.26% to 8.73%. Across Greater London, enrolled areas were significantly more deprived on most indices, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation; across England, a more balanced relationship to deprivation emerged. Regression analyses of enrolment volumes yielded weak biases, in favour of greater deprivation for most indices, with little modulation by local disease prevalence. Primary clinical research at UCLH has wide geographical reach. Areas with enrolled patients show similar distributions of established indices of deprivation to those without, both within Greater London, and across distance-matched areas of England. We illustrate a robust approach to quantifying an important aspect of equity in clinical research and provide a flexible set of tools for replicating it across other institutions.

A Knowledge Management Tool for the Interconnection of Communities of Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élise Lavoué ◽  
Sébastien George ◽  
Patrick Prévôt
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Use Case ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Geographically Distributed

In their daily practice, practitioners belong to local communities of practice (CoPs) within their organisation. This knowledge is rarely capitalised upon because discussions are mainly verbal. Practitioners can also belong to general CoPs online. Within these general CoPs, discussions are rarely linked to the context in which they appeared, since the members are from different companies or institutions. This paper (1) connects these two levels of CoPs by contacting practitioners belonging to CoPs centred on the same general activity but who are geographically distributed and (2) capitalises on the produced knowledge by contextualising, allowing it to be accessible and reusable by all the members. The authors detail the main results of the research: (1) a model of the interconnection of CoPs (ICP) to support knowledge sharing and dissemination; and (2) a specific knowledge management tool for the ICP knowledge base. The authors apply the model and platform to university tutors by: (1) developing a use case, which links the model and the TE-Cap 2 platform and highlights the new possibilities offered by the knowledge management tool; and (2) conducting a descriptive investigation lasting for five months.

Defence in Depth Strategy: A Use Case Scenario of Securing a Virtual Laboratory

2011 ◽  
pp. 75-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Adamski ◽  
Gerard Frankowski ◽  
Marcin Jerzak ◽  
Dominik Stokłosa ◽  
Michał Rzepka
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Case Scenario

scholarly journals Virtual laboratories: new opportunities for collaborative water science

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2101-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ceola ◽  
B. Arheimer ◽  
E. Baratti ◽  
G. Blöschl ◽  
R. Capell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Reproducibility and repeatability of experiments are the fundamental prerequisites that allow researchers to validate results and share hydrological knowledge, experience and expertise in the light of global water management problems. Virtual laboratories offer new opportunities to enable these prerequisites since they allow experimenters to share data, tools and pre-defined experimental procedures (i.e. protocols). Here we present the outcomes of a first collaborative numerical experiment undertaken by five different international research groups in a virtual laboratory to address the key issues of reproducibility and repeatability. Moving from the definition of accurate and detailed experimental protocols, a rainfall–runoff model was independently applied to 15 European catchments by the research groups and model results were collectively examined through a web-based discussion. We found that a detailed modelling protocol was crucial to ensure the comparability and reproducibility of the proposed experiment across groups. Our results suggest that sharing comprehensive and precise protocols and running the experiments within a controlled environment (e.g. virtual laboratory) is as fundamental as sharing data and tools for ensuring experiment repeatability and reproducibility across the broad scientific community and thus advancing hydrology in a more coherent way.

scholarly journals Virtual laboratories: new opportunities for collaborative water science

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 13443-13478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ceola ◽  
B. Arheimer ◽  
G. Blöschl ◽  
E. Baratti ◽  
R. Capell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Reproducibility and repeatability of experiments are the fundamental prerequisites that allow researchers to validate results and share hydrological knowledge, experience and expertise in the light of global water management problems. Virtual laboratories offer new opportunities to enable these prerequisites since they allow experimenters to share data, tools and pre-defined experimental procedures (i.e. protocols). Here we present the outcomes of a first collaborative numerical experiment undertaken by five different international research groups in a virtual laboratory to address the key issues of reproducibility and repeatability. Moving from the definition of accurate and detailed experimental protocols, a rainfall-runoff model was independently applied to 15 European catchments by the research groups and model results were collectively examined through a web-based discussion. We found that a detailed modelling protocol was crucial to ensure the comparability and reproducibility of the proposed experiment across groups. Our results suggest that sharing comprehensive and precise protocols and running the experiments within a controlled environment (e.g. virtual laboratory) is as fundamental as sharing data and tools for ensuring experiment repeatability and reproducibility across the broad scientific community and thus advancing hydrology in a more coherent way.

scholarly journals A totally new digital 3D approach for reassembling fractured archaeological potteries using thickness measurements

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheal I Stamatopoulos ◽  
Christos-Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
External Information ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Archaeological Ceramic ◽  
Thickness Measurements

The reassembly of a broken archaeological ceramic pottery from its fragments (called sherds or <em>ostraca</em>) is an open and complex problem, which remains a scientific process of extreme interest for the archaeological community. All the solutions suggested by various research groups and universities, depend on external information such, the outline of sherds, the corners of their contour, some geometric characteristics, the matching of the discontinued surfaces due to fracture, the angles and curves on its boundaries, etc. In our approach the reassembly process is based on a different and more secure idea, since it is focuses on the thickness information encapsulated in the inner part of the sherds, which is not -or at least not heavily- affected by the presence of harsh environmental conditions and is safely kept within the sherd itself. The method is verified in various use case experiments, using cutting edge technologies and precise measurements on 3D models.

Fundamental Research into Thin Films in a Developing Country

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
J.A. Eades ◽  
E. Grünbaum
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Empirical Process ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Controlled Deposition ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

In the last decade and a half, thin film research, particularly research into problems associated with epitaxy, has developed from a simple empirical process of determining the conditions for epitaxy into a complex analytical and experimental study of the nucleation and growth process on the one hand and a technology of very great importance on the other. During this period the thin films group of the University of Chile has studied the epitaxy of metals on metal and insulating substrates. The development of the group, one of the first research groups in physics to be established in the country, has parallelled the increasing complexity of the field.The elaborate techniques and equipment now needed for research into thin films may be illustrated by considering the plant and facilities of this group as characteristic of a good system for the controlled deposition and study of thin films.

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