Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand on a Regional Scale Combining Positive Mathematical Programming and Cluster Analysis in Model Calibration

Mathematical programming tools are widely used to simulate agriculture water use thanks to their ability to provide a detailed technical and economic representation of farm choices. However, they also require a significant amount of basic information and appropriate methods for the organization of such information. The objective of the paper is to test a methodology for the estimation of irrigation water demand using a combination of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) at farm level, and a cluster analysis. The methodology is applied in an area of Northern Italy. The main outcome of our empirical application is the variety and complexity of reactions of different farms. The scenarios considered highlight the potential importance of the effects of price and cost variables, while the changes in the (area-based) tariff system appear less significant. The change in water cost/pricing appears somehow relevant, but does not motivate major changes in present water management policy, at least in the range of scenarios considered.

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Irrigation water demand and implications for groundwater pricing in Pakistan

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2015.160 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 565-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Muhammad Arif Watto ◽

Amin William Mugera

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Economic Value ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Farm Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Study Results ◽

Positive Mathematical Programming

This study employs the positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach to estimate groundwater derived demand for irrigation using a cross-sectional dataset of 200 predominantly groundwater irrigated farms from the Punjab province of Pakistan. First, we find that the PMP optimal solution uses less water than what is available (being extracted) in order to make farmers allocate all the available land to different crops. Second, when water supplies are constrained farmers allocate land to different crops based on their total returns, not on the irrigation water requirements. The study results suggest that the limiting/constraining groundwater extractions would induce farmers to reconsider their irrigation water demand. The study findings suggest an introduction of Rs. 0.04/m3 of groundwater would not decrease farm income rather it would make farmers aware of the economic value of water. We suggest that although water pricing can induce an efficient use of groundwater extractions, additional policies are also required that improve irrigation water use efficiency.

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Irrigation water demand of common bean on field and regional scale under varying climatic conditions

Meteorologische Zeitschrift ◽

10.1127/metz/2015/0698 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 365-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael Wagner ◽

Sabine J. Seidel ◽

Niels Schütze

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Irrigation Water Demand

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An Innovative Fog Catcher System Applied in the Andean Communities of Ecuador

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12368 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1917-1923

Author(s):

David V. Carrera-Villacrés ◽

Iveth Carolina Robalino ◽

Fabian F. Rodríguez ◽

Washington R. Sandoval ◽

Deysi L. Hidalgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Water Deficits ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

The World ◽

Precipitation Water ◽

Local Water

Abstract. Fog catchers have been successfully applied in several countries around the world. In Ecuador, the Galte communities in the Andean region suffer from water deficits because they are located at an altitude higher than 3500 m above sea level. Rainfall in the area is relatively low, about 600 mm per year, with high evapotranspiration of approximately 615.74 mm per year. This study aimed to install fog catchers in Galte in 2014 and 2015 to help meet the communities’ water needs. The fog catcher system was designed to satisfy the irrigation water demand for local agricultural production, mainly maize, based on estimates using the Blaney-Criddle method. Every day throughout the year, each fog catcher collected 5 to 20 L of water per m2 of catcher area. The results indicate that the fog catcher system can meet about 5% of the local water demand for agricultural production. Keywords: Ecuador, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Water deficit.

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Quantifying the Impacts of Compound Extremes on Agriculture and Irrigation Water Demand

10.5194/hess-2020-275 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Iman Haqiqi ◽

Danielle S. Grogan ◽

Thomas W. Hertel ◽

Wolfram Schlenker

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Water Stress ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Fold Increase ◽

The United States ◽

Food Prices ◽

Irrigation Water Demand

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a large literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. Here, we combine a high-resolution weather product with fine-scale outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional indicators of compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, we measure the impacts of individual and compound extremes on crop yields focusing on the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, we confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for crops. We show that the average damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress; and the value of water experiences a four-fold increase on hot days. In a robust framework with only a few parameters of compound extremes, this paper also improves our understanding of the conditional marginal value (or damage) of water in crop production. This value is critically important for irrigation water demand and farmer decision-making – particularly in the context of supplemental irrigation and sub-surface drainage.

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Mathematical Programming and Cluster Analysis

Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems - Cluster Analysis ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-46309-9_3 ◽

1974 ◽

pp. 43-72

Author(s):

Patrick L. Odell ◽

Benjamin S. Duran

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Mathematical Programming ◽

And Cluster Analysis

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Potential for sustainable irrigation expansion in a 3 °C warmer climate

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2017796117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (47) ◽

pp. 29526-29534

Author(s):

Lorenzo Rosa ◽

Davide Danilo Chiarelli ◽

Matteo Sangiorgio ◽

Areidy Aracely Beltran-Peña ◽

Maria Cristina Rulli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Crop Production ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Water Storage ◽

Future Research ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

Starting Point ◽

Sustainable Irrigation

Climate change is expected to affect crop production worldwide, particularly in rain-fed agricultural regions. It is still unknown how irrigation water needs will change in a warmer planet and where freshwater will be locally available to expand irrigation without depleting freshwater resources. Here, we identify the rain-fed cropping systems that hold the greatest potential for investment in irrigation expansion because water will likely be available to suffice irrigation water demand. Using projections of renewable water availability and irrigation water demand under warming scenarios, we identify target regions where irrigation expansion may sustain crop production under climate change. Our results also show that global rain-fed croplands hold significant potential for sustainable irrigation expansion and that different irrigation strategies have different irrigation expansion potentials. Under a 3 °C warming, we find that a soft-path irrigation expansion with small monthly water storage and deficit irrigation has the potential to expand irrigated land by 70 million hectares and feed 300 million more people globally. We also find that a hard-path irrigation expansion with large annual water storage can sustainably expand irrigation up to 350 million hectares, while producing food for 1.4 billion more people globally. By identifying where irrigation can be expanded under a warmer climate, this work may serve as a starting point for investigating socioeconomic factors of irrigation expansion and may guide future research and resources toward those agricultural communities and water management institutions that will most need to adapt to climate change.

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