Internal Key Factor in the Export Performance of Spanish SMEs

Author(s):  
Lluís Jovell Turró ◽  
Rossano Eusebio

The internationalization is a complex process that requires a great effort, both financial and human, that some companies cannot spare, especially if they are medium or small companies. The authors’ investigation is based upon these medium and small companies and the problems they face, and analyzes the issues that affect their export intensity. For this, a multidimensional model is proposed as a result of a deep research on literature on this field. The results of this study show how technological innovation is an important aspect when determining an effort for exportation in this kind of companies.

2013 ◽  
pp. 1599-1618
Author(s):  
Lluís Jovell Turró ◽  
Rossano Eusebio

The internationalization is a complex process that requires a great effort, both financial and human, that some companies cannot spare, especially if they are medium or small companies. The authors’ investigation is based upon these medium and small companies and the problems they face, and analyzes the issues that affect their export intensity. For this, a multidimensional model is proposed as a result of a deep research on literature on this field. The results of this study show how technological innovation is an important aspect when determining an effort for exportation in this kind of companies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10266
Author(s):  
Laura Marone ◽  
Rossella Onofrio ◽  
Cristina Masella

Healthcare technological innovation is a very complex process in which different actors interact with each other, creating a large number of interconnections and synergies in the design of technological innovations. Despite the increasing number of living labs (LLs) in healthcare, building and maintaining LLs for technological innovation in healthcare is challenging. Collaboration with stakeholders remains an issue of major concern in healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to identify stakeholders’ needs in building an LL in healthcare and to plan activities to foster the innovation process. The paper is based on an exploratory single case study investigating an Italian LL. Eight stakeholders’ needs were identified and validated. Specific activities were identified as improving the innovation process in terms of the stakeholders’ needs. The study contributes to the development of domain-specific knowledge and, as such, to the fostering of studies on and the implementation of LLs in healthcare.


Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lega ◽  
Samuele Naviglio ◽  
Stefano Volpi ◽  
Alberto Tommasini

As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
José López Rodríguez ◽  
Bill Serrano Orellana

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of firms’ general and specific human capital on the export propensity and intensity. Design/methodology/approach The resource-based view of the firm provides the theoretical background to examine export performance. Empirical analysis is carried out using a national representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms and employing Logit and Tobit models. Export performance is evaluated in a dual way, as export propensity and export intensity. In relation to human capital a distinction is made between general and specific human capital. Findings The results shown that differences exist in the effect of general and specific human capital. While the firms’ general human capital (education of the firm’s employees) affects both export propensity and intensity, only some dimensions of specific human capital (employees’ experience at the workplace) affects export propensity and intensity but no the employees’ training. Moreover, the firms’ general human capital generates greater changes than the effect of specific human capital on the export behavior. Originality/value This paper extends a line of research underexplored in the literature by analyzing the effect of organizational human capital on the firm’s export performance; moreover, it is the first study for Spanish manufacturing firms; the distinction between general and specific human capital enhances our comprehension of the human capital as a determinant of export performance. In relation to the specific human capital, besides training, we add a new variable related to experience at the workplace.


2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Rock ◽  
Sadrudin A. Ahmed

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the relation between to export performance measures; growth exports and export intensity with the resources, capabilities and characteristics of the firms as factors determining its success. Design/methodology/approach The study used a questionnaire, answered by 133 firms from a random sample of 480 Chilean firms. Findings The two performance measures of the study, export intensity and growth of the exports resulted equally predictive of the export success, but with a different set of variables. The export growth was strongly related with the firms that had recently started, that have executive staff with an overseas education and a long term commitment to export, did research and development, followed market developing strategies and strategic alliances. The export intensity shows a strong relation with smaller firms, more experienced and involved in foreign markets. The successful companies in the foreign markets are very opportune and flexible in satisfying the needs of their clients and innovate their products. Research limitations The biggest limitation of this research is that it was conducted only in one South American country with a limited sample size. Originality/value Smaller firms require support from the State, to finance market studies, to access international fairs and financial sources. The findings are innovative for the export management in developing countries, intensive in natural resources, especially those of small size such as the case of Chile. Propósito Estudiar la relación entre dos medidas del desempeño exportador, crecimiento de exportaciones e intensidad de exportaciones, con los recursos, capacidades y características de la firma como factores determinantes de su éxito. Diseño/metodología/enfoque Un estudio basado en un cuestionario, respondido por 133 firmas de una muestra aleatoria de 480 firmas chilenas, representativa de las firmas exportadoras, seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Hallazgos Las dos medidas de desempeño exportador del estudio, intensidad de exportaciones y crecimiento de las exportaciones resultaron igualmente predictivas del éxito exportador, pero con diferentes conjuntos de variables predictivas. Limitaciones de la investigación/implicaciones La mayor limitante de esta investigación es que fue realizada en sólo un país de Sudamérica con un tamaño de muestra algo limitado. Implicaciones prácticas El crecimiento de exportaciones estuvo fuertemente relacionado con las firmas que se iniciaron recientemente, que poseen personal ejecutivo educado en el extranjero y un compromiso de largo plazo a exportar, realizan investigación y desarrollo, siguen estrategias de desarrollo de mercados. La intensidad de exportación expresa una relación fuerte con las firmas más pequeñas, más experimentadas e involucradas en los mercados extranjeros. Las compañías exitosas en los mercados de exportación son muy oportunas y flexibles en satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes, innovan en sus productos y siguen estrategias de alianzas cooperativas y redes. Implicaciones socials Los gobiernos deberían apoyar a las firmas pequeñas, financiando estudios de mercado, apoyando su acceso a ferias internacionales y financiamiento. Originalidad/valor Los hallazgos son originales para la gestión de exportaciones en países en desarrollo, intensivos en recursos naturales, especialmente aquéllos de un pequeño tamaño, como Chile.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Areej Aftab Siddiqui ◽  
Parul Singh

The study is an attempt to examine the determinants and impact of export propensity and export intensity for firm-level performance in India. The factors determining export propensity are political stability, corruption, and competition from the informal sector while the determinants of export intensity in the present study are identified as a skill of the labour force, the technological capability of a firm, and foreign ownership of technology in a firm in India. A two-stage Heckman selection model has been advanced to investigate the linkage between the export performance of Indian firms with the home institutional environment and firm competencies. Firm-level data of approximately 8,000 Indian firms are used as available from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys (WBES) database. The results indicate that political stability and competition effect export propensity of Indian firms while export intensity is impacted by access to technology and employing skilled labour. The study has important theoretical implications in terms of understanding the exporting behaviour of firms. It indicates that the decision of firms to export and their export performance are interlinked. It is affirmed that export intensity is dependent on firm-specific competencies while institutions indirectly influence the decision of firms to export. The policy measures of Skill India and Make in India strongly favour increased access to the skilled labour force and strengthening the domestic industry which may lead to an increase in the export intensity of Indian firms. The recent institutional measures adopted favour a stable environment of doing business as well as providing firms opportunities to focus and leverage their competencies in the best possible manner. The current nascent steps of policy reforms need to be aggressively implemented for enhanced export capabilities of Indian firms


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabanji Benjamin Awodumi

Abstract The quest for sustainability and greener economies has intensified the call for more stringent environmental regulation, hence environmental efficiency of production processes that produce growth. Since trade activities represent a huge part of economic growth, while countries are becoming increasingly cautious of their imports, environmental efficiency becomes an integral consideration for trade. This study investigates the link between environmental efficiency and export performance among the top 20 countries on the environmental performance scale utilizing annual data between 1980 and 2019. The classic comparative advantage theory of international trade provides the theoretical basis for the study. Environmental efficiency scores were generated using the slack-based data envelopment analysis while the nature of causality between environmental efficiency and export performance is established using the Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality Tests and VECM Granger causality approaches. The export models are estimated using the fully modified and dynamic ordinary least squares approaches.Bidirectional causality is found between export per capita (and export intensity) and environmental efficiency for the panel analysis. Causality results is however mixed at country level with significant unidirectional causal links running from either export to environmental efficiency or otherwise. The FMOLS and DOLS analysis provides evidence of significant positive effect of environmental efficiency on export per capita and export intensity for the panel of the top EPI countries, and confirmed in most of the countries. The study therefore provides strong evidence for the role of environmental efficiency in countries’ efforts to improve their global competitiveness in trade-related activities. Thus, the study emphasizes increased global investment in environmental efficiency as the global economies grow. JEL: F18; Q56; Q58; N40


2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110002
Author(s):  
Teerawat Charoenrat ◽  
Yot Amornkitvikai

Manufacturing exports are deemed to be a significant driver of China’s economic growth. This article uses the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey in China to investigate the factors that significantly exert their effect on the export intensity of Chinese manufacturing firms. The maximum likelihood estimation, with the Tobit regression model, is adopted to capture the export intensity among Chinese manufacturers. This empirical evidence suggests that foreign direct investment (FDI), chief executive officer (CEO) gender, research and development (R&D), innovation and foreign, imported technologies significantly and positively influence Chinese manufacturing firms’ export intensity. In contrast, firm age and skilled labour are not significant factors in driving export intensity. Evidence-based policy implications and recommendations are also provided to enhance the export performance of Chinese manufacturing firms.


2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Aranda-Mena ◽  
Rod Gameson

From PhD-doing to PhD-done is not as from A to B. This paper aims to increasing the understanding of the complex relationship between the doctoral research and the supervisory process. The research method is that of repertory-grids where the authors discuss successful completions. The paper is argumentative in nature and provides insights to a complex process largely untested. A supervisory model previously presented by both authors (Aranda-Mena & Gameson, 2004) is tested in two areas: (1) the research process and (2) personality factors. The paper increases common understanding of what it takes to completing a PhD and supervisory challenges in such long process. Supervision is a key factor to completing a PhD and to developing the intellectual, analytical and research skills expected of PhD graduates. The authors call for more research, both theoretical and empirical, in this important area.


1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaldo N. Battista

The development and diffusion of health-related technologies constitute an extremely complex process. This article examines the phenomenon of technological innovation; discusses the factors determining the diffusion of high, medium, and low technologies; and suggests strategies for controlling the diffusion of these technologies. A research program is also proposed that should improve our understanding of the process of development and diffusion of health-related technologies.


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