Analyzing IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.16e Technologies for Single-Hop Inter-Vehicle Communication

2010 ◽  
pp. 120-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Aquino-Santos ◽  
Víctor Rangel-Licea ◽  
Aldo L. Méndez-Pérez ◽  
Miguel A. Garcia-Ruiz ◽  
Arthur Edwards-Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Ieee 802.16E ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Mac Layers

This chapter analyzes two prominent technologies, IEEE 802.11g (WiFi) and IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX), for single-hop inter-vehicular communication (SIVC). We begin our analysis by comparing the physical and MAC layers of both standards. Following this, we simulate two scenarios, one with IEEE 802.11g and the other with IEEE 802.16e, in a single-hop inter-vehicular communication network. In both scenarios, the Location-Based Routing Algorithm with Cluster-Based Flooding (LORA-CBF) was employed to create a hierarchical vehicular organization that acts as a cluster-head with its corresponding member nodes. The simulation scenarios consist of five different node sizes of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 vehicles, respectively. We propose a novel simulation model that is suitable for mesh topologies in WiMAX networks and provide preliminary results in terms of delay, load and throughput for single-hop inter-vehicle communication.

Research and Improvement about LEACH Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 1028-1032
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Qi Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Random Cluster ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Node Energy

In recent years, as the development of wireless sensor network, people do some deep researches on cluster-based protocol, most around the prolongation of the lifetime of WSN and decline of energy consumed by the sensors. This paper analyses of classical clustering routing protocol based on LEACH, aiming at the node energy foot presents energy improved clustering routing algorithm, the random cluster head selection algorithm of threshold to be changed, lowering the threshold, in the original threshold increases the node's remaining energy factor, reduces the communication load of cluster nodes, and simulation. The simulation results show that the LEACH-E improved algorithm, energy saving, reducing balance node energy consumption, effectively prolongs the network lifetime.

scholarly journals Securing Vehicle Communication Systems by the KLJN Key Exchange Protocol

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Saez ◽  
X. Cao ◽  
L. B. Kish ◽  
G. Pesti
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Communication Security ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Johnson Noise ◽  
Key Exchange Protocol ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Vehicular Communication Networks

We review the security requirements for vehicular communication networks and provide a critical assessment of some typical communication security solutions. We also propose a novel unconditionally secure vehicular communication architecture that utilizes the Kirchhoff-law–Johnson-noise (KLJN) key distribution scheme.

scholarly journals Unequal Clustering Multipath Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network based on Clustering and Ant Colony

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Jin Yong-xian
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Selection Probability ◽  
Factor Node

To improve the energy efficiency of the wireless sensor network (WSN), and extend the network life. This paper proposes an improved unequal clustering multipath routing algorithm (UCMRA). The algorithm improves the formula of cluster head selection probability and competition radius, and considers the energy factor, node density, optimal number of cluster heads, etc. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional algorithm, UCMRA has more stable cluster head distribution, less energy consumption and longer network lifetime.

scholarly journals Optimized AODV Routing Algorithm in MANET for Maximizing the Network Lifetime

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4054-4059
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Optimal Cluster

In present scenario, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) is the emerging research topic in the applications like disaster situations (battle fields, earthquake, etc). The utility of MANET is increased by combining with the internet. The conventional techniques in MANET have a few issues like less infrastructure, standalone networks, and dynamic or complex topology. In order to address these issues, an efficient clustering and channeling algorithm (Hybrid K-means, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) channeling algorithm) is developed for maximizing the network lifetime. The proposed algorithm finds the optimal cluster head selection for discovering the shortest path among the cluster heads. The Hybrid-K-means-PSO-AODV technique is applied to increase the Network Lifetime (NL), alive nodes, total packet send, throughput, and also to minimizes the dead nodes and energy consumption in a network. In the experimental phase, the proposed approach reduced the emery consumption up to 170 joules related to the existing approaches: PSO-PSO- MANETs and PSO-GSO- MANETs.

scholarly journals V2V Routing in VANET Based on Fuzzy Logic and Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanli Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Yang ◽  
Qixiang Song ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Convergence Speed ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

To ensure the transmission quality of real-time communications on the road, the research of routing protocol is crucial to improve effectiveness of data transmission in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). The existing work Q-Learning based routing algorithm, QLAODV, is studied and its problems, including slow convergence speed and low accuracy, are found. Hence, we propose a new routing algorithm FLHQRP by considering the characteristics of real-time communication in VANETs in the paper. The virtual grid is introduced to divide the vehicle network into clusters. The node’s centrality and mobility, and bandwidth efficiency are processed by the Fuzzy Logic system to select the most suitable cluster head (CH) with the stable communication links in the cluster. A new heuristic function is also proposed in FLHQRP algorithm. It takes cluster as the environment state of heuristic Q-learning, by considering the delay to guide the forwarding process of the CH. This can speed up the learning convergence, and reduce the impact of node density on the convergence speed and accuracy of Q-learning. The problem of QLAODV is solved in the proposed algorithm since the experimental results show that FLHQRP has many advantages on delivery rate, end-to-end delay, and average hops in different network scenarios.

A Knowledge-Based Approach for Microwire Casting Plant Control

2011 ◽  
pp. 419-437
Author(s):  
S. Zaporojan ◽  
C. Plotnic ◽  
I. Calmicov ◽  
V. Larin
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Casting Plant ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Main Ideas

This chapter presents the main ideas and preliminary results of an applied research project concerning the development of an intelligent plant for microwire casting. The properties of glass-coated microwires are useful for a variety of sensor applications. On the other hand, the process of casting can be one of the methods of nanotechnology and advanced materials. In microwire continuous casting, the main control problem is to maintain the optimum thermal and flow conditions of the process, in order to fabricate the microwire of a given stable diameter. Unlike a conventional casting plant, we propose to use a video camera to take the picture of the molten drop and to control the casting process by means of a knowledge based system. For this reason, a model, that is capable of taking into account the current features of the process and of describing the shape of the drop at each time, is developed. The model presented here should allow us to estimate the geometry of the metal-filled capillary and predict the diameter of microwire at each time during the casting process.

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