scholarly journals Incorporating Human Aspects in Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments

2011 ◽  
pp. 128-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Bosse ◽  
Mark Hoogendoorn ◽  
Michel Klein ◽  
Rianne van Lambalgen ◽  
Peter-Paul van Maanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
To Come ◽  
Structured Approach

In this chapter, we propose to outline the scientific area that addresses Ambient Intelligence applications in which not only sensor data, but also knowledge from the human-directed sciences such as biomedical science, neuroscience, and psychological and social sciences is incorporated. This knowledge enables the environment to perform more in-depth, human-like analyses of the functioning of the observed humans, and to come up with better informed actions. A structured approach to embed human knowledge in Ambient Intelligence applications is presented an illustrated using two examples, one on automated visual attention manipulation, and another on the assessment of the behaviour of a car driver.

Reconsidering American Power

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
American Power ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Sponsorship ◽  
To Come

Postcolonial studies, postmodern studies, even posthuman studies emerge, and intellectuals demand that social sciences be remade to address fundamentals of the human condition, from human rights to global environmental crises. Since these fields owe so much to American state sponsorship, is it easier to reimagine the human and the modern than to properly measure the pervasive American influence? Reconsidering American Power offers trenchant studies by renowned scholars who reassess the role of the social sciences in the construction and upkeep of the Pax Americana and the influence of Pax Americana on the social sciences. With the thematic image for this enterprise as the ‘fiery hunt’ for Ahab’s whale, the contributors pursue realities behind the theories, and reconsider the real origins and motives of their fields with an eye on what will deter or repurpose the ‘fiery hunts’ to come, by offering a critical insider’s view.

Cosmology and Anankê in the Timaeus and Our Knowledge of the Forms

Apeiron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Reshotko
Keyword(s):  
Human Knowledge ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Come ◽  
Entire Cosmos ◽  
Coming To Know

Abstract At Tm. 47e, Timaeus steps back from his discussion of what came about through noûs and turns toward an account of what came about through anankê. Broadie, 2012, Nature and Divinity in Plato’s Timaeus, sketches out two routes for the interpretation of this ‘new beginning.’ The ‘metaphysical’ approach uses perceptibles qua imitations of intelligibles in order to glimpse the intelligibles (just as we look at our reflection in a mirror in order to view ourselves). The ‘cosmological’ reading assumes we use the perceptible part of the cosmos in order to come to know the entire cosmos. Broadie openly favors the cosmological reading for understanding the Timeaus as a whole. However, she confines its utility to the Timaeus and does not recommend it for other dialogues. I use Broadie’s ‘cosmological reading’ to better understand what Plato distinguishes as anankê in his second beginning. This sets the stage for my argument that Broadie’s cosmological reading is a promising means for understanding the metaphysics and epistemology of the Forms. By making some comparisons to Sophist (251c–256a), I show that a refined understanding of anankê in the second beginning of the Timaeus clarifies what Plato thinks is involved in coming to know a Form. I argue that a close look at what was available to the Demiurge for cosmic creation by means of noûs yields three distinct ways in which his construction of the cosmos was limited by anankê. Clarifying these three ways in which anankê operates shows that the Demiurge’s manipulation of the foundational elements yields a perceptible world that brings out some potential relationships among Forms while suppressing others. In particular, the Demiurge’s geometricization of the elements leads him to make compromises concerning how Forms can combine in the Receptacle. These choices produce nomological relationships among the Forms with respect to where they can overlap in the Receptacle. This produces the law-like and reliable, but unnecessary, behavior of the perceptible world. I argue that our understanding of these limitations and their translation into where the Receptacle can partake in more than one Form simultaneously, figures importantly in the estimating the potential for human knowledge of the Forms. I question the use of ‘necessity’ as a translation for ‘anankê’ in the Timaeus.

scholarly journals القيم الأخلاقية والعلوم الاجتماعية: نحو إبستمولوجية القيم الحاكمة

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (80) ◽  
pp. 109-77
Author(s):  
عبد الرزاق بلعقروز
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

 يناقش هذا البحث النموذج المعرفي السائد حول صلة القيم الأخلاقية بالعلوم الاجتماعية، خاصّةً في الميدان النفسي؛ إذ تطالعنا المساءلة التحليلية بهيمنة نموذج الفصل بين القيمة والمعرفة لأسباب ترتبط بالنموذج الحداثي، الذي قام على مبدأ عزل الأخلاق عن العلوم، والرؤية التجزيئية للقيم ضمن نظريات القيمة المعاصرة؛ ما أورث علوماً اجتماعيةً مأزومةً إبستمولوجياً، وغير محيطة بمختلف جوانب الإنسان، ممّا اقتضى تجديد منهج النظر في الصلة الـمُمزَّقة بين القيم والعلوم الاجتماعية؛ استئناساً بالخبرة الحضارية، واعتماداً على نموذج حاكمية القيمة على المعرفة الإنسانية، ضمن منهجية تكاملية بينهما. وقد حدّدنا مقاصد الجمع بينهما في مقصد العدل، والحرية، والصلاح، مراهنين على منظومة التربية والتعليم بوصفها أوعيةً لنقل هذا الأمل من الوجود المثالي إلى الوجود الواقعي. This article discusses the dominant paradigm on the relationship between values and Social sciences, especially psychology. The analysis of such relationship would find a paradigm of separation between value and knowledge, due to the model of modernity that stands on isolating morals from sciences, and to the fragmentary viewpoint of contemporary theories of values. As a result of this we have an epistemological crisis in social sciences that do not cover various aspects of human realities. This has necessitated the need to reconsider this torn relationships making use of the civilizational experience, and depending on the paradigm of supremacy of values on human knowledge, within an integrated methodology. To do just that we have identified three combing purposes, i.e.: justice, freedom, and soundness. System of education should be the means to transfer this hope from its ideal form into reality.

Three Views of Human Knowledge

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Sosa
Keyword(s):  
True Belief ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Perceptual Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Account ◽  
To Come ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Realist View ◽  
Radical Knowledge

This chapter considers a traditional account of knowledge along with its indirect realist view of perception. On a traditional approach, perceptual knowledge is a special case of “justified true belief plus.” Such justification is alleged to come from the evidence of our senses. The chapter also compares a radically opposed, knowledge-first account, one that claims an important advantage: it is said to make room for reasons that can establish answers to our questions, enabling us to vouch for those answers. There is, however, a further alternative to consider. While better aligned with the tradition, this further alternative, as the chapter describes, still claims the same advantage as the radical knowledge-first approach.

Pervasive Computing

2010 ◽  
pp. 234-252
Author(s):  
Varuna Godara
Keyword(s):  
Grid Computing ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
New Products ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
Computing Grid ◽  
Networking Technologies

Pervasive computing is trying to make the dreams of the science fiction writers come true—where you think of some type of convenience and you have it. It appears that pervasive computing is allowing tiny computers, sensors, networking technologies, and human imagination to blend and mould into new products and services. This chapter introduces pervasive computing, grid computing, and ambient intelligence with explanation of how these technologies are merging to create sensor embedded smart environments. Along with description and scope of e-business and m-business, different views of p-business are illustrated. Finally, different smart environments including smart consumer-to-consumer, smart value systems, smart p-education, p-governance, and so forth, are explained.

On Dependability Issues in Ambient Intelligence Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Marcello Cinque ◽  
Antonio Coronato ◽  
Alessandro Testa
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
Ambient Assisted Living ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Ambient Intelligent ◽  
Verification Techniques

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is the emerging computing paradigm used to build next-generation smart environments. It provides services in a flexible, transparent, and anticipative manner, requiring minimal skills for human-computer interaction. Recently, AmI is being adapted to build smart systems to guide human activities in critical domains, such as, healthcare, ambient assisted living, and disaster recovery. However, the practical application to such domains generally calls for stringent dependability requirements, since the failure of even a single component may cause dangerous loss or hazard to people and machineries. Despite these concerns, there is still little understanding on dependability issues in Ambient Intelligent systems and on possible solutions. This paper provides an analysis of the AmI literature dealing with dependability issues and to propose an innovative architectural solution to such issues, based on the use of runtime verification techniques.

Why Thomas Reid Matters to the Epistemology of the Social Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (279) ◽  
pp. 282-301
Author(s):  
Laurent Jaffro ◽  
Vinícius França Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Action ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Reasoning ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mind

Abstract Little attention has been paid to the fact that Thomas Reid's epistemology applies to ‘political reasoning’ as well as to various operations of the mind. Reid was interested in identifying the ‘first principles’ of political science as he did with other domains of human knowledge. This raises the question of the extent to which the study of human action falls within the competence of ‘common sense’. Our aim is to reconstruct and assess Reid's epistemology of the sciences of social action and to determine how it connects with the fundamental tenets of his general epistemology. In the first part, we portray Reid as a methodological individualist and focus on the status of the first principles of political reasoning. The second part examines Reid's views on the explanatory power of the principles of human action. Finally, we draw a parallel between Reid's epistemology and the methodology of Weberian sociology.

THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS OF ISLAMIST ACTIVISM: ELITE STUDENTS AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS IN EGYPT*

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Ketchley ◽  
Michael Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Student Activism ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Secular Institutions

The literature on student activism finds that protesters come from prestigious universities and from the social sciences and humanities. Studies of political Islam, however, emphasize the prominence of engineering and medical students from secular institutions. Contributing to both literatures, this paper investigates Islamist students targeted by security forces in Egypt following the coup of 2013. Matching 1,352 arrested students to the population of male undergraduates, it analyzes how the arrest rate varied across 348 university faculties. We find that activists came disproportionately from institutions that provided a religiously inflected education. This contradicts the conventional emphasis on secular institutions. Most importantly, we find that Islamists tended to come from faculties that required higher grades and that admitted students who studied science in secondary school. Controlling for grades, engineering and medicine were not especially prominent. These findings suggest that Islamist students conform to the more general pattern: political activism attracts the academic elite.

scholarly journals ’n Verkennende studie met die oog op die identifisering en kategorisering van leerteorieë met verwysing na die prediking

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Van den Berg ◽  
T. F.J. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
The Social ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Church

An introductory study to identify and classify theories of learning with regard to the task of preaching Learning is a lifelong process in which man must be what he can be, namely a being interacting with his world in a creative problem-solving manner for the well-being of himself and others. In a similar sense the church has always seen her task in preaching, supported by all the other domains of churchlife, as that of teaching people to come to terms with the gospel of Jesus Christ in their daily existence. This article proposes to identify, categorize and integrate the acknowledged theories underlying the learning process, as they exist in the social sciences, into an allencompassing model for learning; a model from which conclusions are drawn in the hope that further studies can spell out the implications of these conclusions as they are applicable to the task of preaching within the church.

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