Systems Based on Physical-Chemical Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 526-558
Author(s):  
August Bonmatí-Blasi ◽  
Míriam Cerrillo-Moreno ◽  
Victor Riau-Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

High strength waste streams, namely rejected water from a wastewater treatment plant, livestock slurry, and agro-food wastewater, are characterized by its high organic matter and nutrient content which favours processes aiming to recover energy and nutrients, instead of removing them. In this regard physical-chemical processes are suitable technologies to attain these objectives. Among others, stripping coupled with absorption, struvite precipitation, membrane separation, and vacuum evaporation, are all physical-chemical processes aiming to concentrate nutrients in a stream that can later be reused as fertilizer. In this chapter the main physical-chemical processes will be defined and described in terms of the objective of each process technique, their theoretical fundamentals, environmental effects (air, water and soil emissions, resource depletion), technical indicators (efficiencies, energy consumption, etc.), and by-product characteristics.

Systems Based on Physical-Chemical Processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-75
Author(s):  
August Bonmatí-Blasi ◽  
Míriam Cerrillo-Moreno ◽  
Victor Riau-Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

High strength waste streams, namely rejected water from a wastewater treatment plant, livestock slurry, and agro-food wastewater, are characterized by its high organic matter and nutrient content which favours processes aiming to recover energy and nutrients, instead of removing them. In this regard physical-chemical processes are suitable technologies to attain these objectives. Among others, stripping coupled with absorption, struvite precipitation, membrane separation, and vacuum evaporation, are all physical-chemical processes aiming to concentrate nutrients in a stream that can later be reused as fertilizer. In this chapter the main physical-chemical processes will be defined and described in terms of the objective of each process technique, their theoretical fundamentals, environmental effects (air, water and soil emissions, resource depletion), technical indicators (efficiencies, energy consumption, etc.), and by-product characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Additive of Polymetallic Ores’ Tailin gs on Properties of Composite Cements

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Zh. Aymenov ◽  
N.B. Sarsenbayev ◽  
T.M. Khudyakova ◽  
B.K. Sarsenbayev ◽  
A.T. Batyrkhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
High Tech ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Composite Cements ◽  
Positive Effect

The article analyzes the use of polymetallic ores’ tailings as a basis for production of composite cements and concrete, having protective properties against gamma and X-rays radiation, as well as high strength and lifetime. The main practically significant result is: the development of scientific and technological production bases of new high-tech type of multicomponent hydraulic binders for concretes – composite cements; the identification of new hydration products in composite cements with addition of polymetallic ores’ tailings; the development of optimal compositions of composite cements for concretes. It is established that the composite cements, that developed by us on the basis of polymetallic ores’ tailings, meet modern requirements i.e. its improve the construction-technical properties of material, have positive effect to the environment situation and allow to reduce the production cost of the final product. Their technology is low metal-intensive and<br />power-consuming. Studies of physical-chemical processes of composite cements structure formation with addition of polymetallic ores’ tailings have been conducted using methods such as chemical, X-ray phase, differential-thermal and electronmicroscopic analysis methods.

Selection of the Most Appropriate Leachate Treatment Methods: Part 2: A Review of Recirculation, Irrigation and Potential Physical-chemical Treatment Methods

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J.L. Forgie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Leachate Management

Abstract This paper reviews potential leachate treatment methods that are non-biological from the traditional wastewater treatment viewpoint. The use and role of recirculation and irrigation in leachate management are reviewed. It is shown that, although recirculation cannot be used as a means of final leachate disposal, it does have a role in decreasing the strength of high strength, acidic phase leachates. Irrigation is shown to be a potential means of final disposal of treated leachate. Physical-chemical treatment (PCT) of leachate using chemical precipitation, coagulation and/or oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, air-stripping, pH adjustment, ion exchange and membrane separation are reviewed. It is shown that PCT is appropriate for leachate treatment when the leachate is low in volatile, degradable organics, i.e. the BOD5/COD ratio is less than 0.1, and/or the molecular weight of most of the organics is greater than 500 g/mole. As a result, it is shown that PCT is best used as a polishing step following biological treatment or treating a leachate from a mature landfill.

scholarly journals Caracterización física y química de biochar de lodos residuales.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Martha Alicia Velázquez Machuca ◽  
Juan Rosario Equihua Soriano ◽  
José Venegas González ◽  
José Luis Montañez Soto ◽  
José Luis Pimentel Equihua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Scale Reactor

Pyrolysis treatment of sewage sludge to generate biochar is one of the current alternatives for environmental management of this waste. The treatment transforms sewage sludge into biochar, conserves some of the characteristics that give it an important agronomic value and reduces its pathogen content. The objective of this study was to analyze the potential use of the sewage sludge biochar obtained from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Morelia, Michoacán, México, as an agricultural soil improver considering the physical-chemical properties of the material and its content of nutrients and heavy metals as indicators. The sewage sludge was subjected to pyrolysis (SSB) in an experimental scale reactor that uses solar energy, with six residence times and temperature of 280 to 355 oC. The parameters analyzed were: pH EC, OM, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe available (DTPA and EDTA), elemental composition (C, N, O, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, S, Cl, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb). The EC of the SSB obtained was from 592 to 5240 μS cm‑1, pH = 6.33 to 7.02, OM = 3.8 to 5.6%, high contents of C, N, P (31 to 38%, 6.5 to 7.7% and 37.7 to 48.8 g kg‑1, respectively), low Na/Ca ratio and a low content of total and available heavy metals. The properties of the SSB obtained indicate that it can be used as an agricultural soil improver since it is a material with high nutrient content and low environmental risk in terms of its low heavy metal content. These results should be complemented with studies on the response of plants to BLR, monitoring of physical-chemical conditions and analysis of organic contaminants in soil and water where this material is applied.

scholarly journals Protein recovery as a resource from waste specifically via membrane technology—from waste to wonder

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 10262-10282
Author(s):  
Kanwal Shahid ◽  
Varsha Srivastava ◽  
Mika Sillanpää
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Recovery ◽  
World Population ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Efficient Extraction

AbstractEconomic growth and the rapid increase in the world population has led to a greater need for natural resources, which in turn, has put pressure on said resources along with the environment. Water, food, and energy, among other resources, pose a huge challenge. Numerous essential resources, including organic substances and valuable nutrients, can be found in wastewater, and these could be recovered with efficient technologies. Protein recovery from waste streams can provide an alternative resource that could be utilized as animal feed. Membrane separation, adsorption, and microbe-assisted protein recovery have been proposed as technologies that could be used for the aforementioned protein recovery. This present study focuses on the applicability of different technologies for protein recovery from different wastewaters. Membrane technology has been proven to be efficient for the effective concentration of proteins from waste sources. The main emphasis of the present short communication is to explore the possible strategies that could be utilized to recover or restore proteins from different wastewater sources. The presented study emphasizes the applicability of the recovery of proteins from various waste sources using membranes and the combination of the membrane process. Future research should focus on novel technologies that can help in the efficient extraction of these high-value compounds from wastes. Lastly, this short communication will evaluate the possibility of integrating membrane technology. This study will discuss the important proteins present in different industrial waste streams, such as those of potatoes, poultry, dairy, seafood and alfalfa, and the possible state of the art technologies for the recovery of these valuable proteins from the wastewater. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Hybrid Manufacturing based on the combination of Mechanical and Electro Physical–Chemical Processes

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 649-661
Author(s):  
Bert Lauwers ◽  
Nataliia Chernovol ◽  
Benjamin Peeters ◽  
Dries Van Camp ◽  
Thomas Van Riel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Hybrid Manufacturing ◽  
Physical Chemical

Application of Thermally Treated Sewage Sludge in Blended Cements

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyšek Pavlík ◽  
Milena Pavlíková ◽  
Jan Fořt ◽  
Martina Záleská ◽  
Igor Medveď ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Thermally Treated

Chemical, physical, morphological, and mineralogical analysis of sewage sludge originating from a waste water treatment plant in Patras, Greece, is presented in the paper. The sewage sludge is firstly dried at 70°C, then oven-burned at 700°C for two hours and milled. The thermally treated material is analyzed using XRF and XRD, the particle size distribution is determined by a laser diffraction method. A potential use of sewage sludge in blended cements is investigated on the basis of the measurement of mechanical and basic physical properties of pastes containing the sludge in an amount of up to 60% of the mass of cement. Experimental results show that the thermal treatment of pre-dried sewage sludge and its grinding provides a material that can be successfully applied as a partial replacement of Portland cement. At a production of blended cements for high strength concrete, an up to 20% cement replacement level can be recommended.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF SOLID PARTICLES UNDER THE ACTION OF AN ACOUSTIC FIELD / SKYSTYJE ESANČIŲ KIETŲJŲ DALELIŲ SĄVEIKOS AKUSTINIAME LAUKE TYRIMAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Egidijus Mykolaitis ◽  
Andrius Styra ◽  
Vladas Vekteris
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Acoustic Field ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Physical Chemical

Iron is one of the most common elements in ground water. Bythe HN 24:2003 iron concentration in water can‘t be higher than200 μg/l. Water treatment with an acoustic field is a very relevanttopic. Acoustic field is widely used in industrion, medicine,chemical industry and manufacturing. When water is affectedby ultrasound, physical-chemical processes begin. Ultrasoundvibrations lead to dispersion, degasation and coagulation. Ironparticles connect to each other when distance between them istwo times bigger then their own radius. R = 2R. And if thisprocess continues particles connect one by one. In this article teststand and methodics using ultrasonic piezoceramic are shown. Santrauka Geležis – dažniausiai požeminiuose vandenyse aptinkama priemaiša, kuri prastina geriamojo vandens savybes, todėl būtina bendrosios geležies koncentraciją sumažinti iki 0,2 mg/l. Vienas iš geležies šalinimo būdu yra paremtas ultragarso panaudojimu. Straipsnyje glaustai aptarti bendrosios geležies būviai vandenyje, jos šalinimo metodai ir pateikta eksperimentinė metodika. Eksperimentas atliktas naudojant skirtingų dažnių garso bangas nuo 8 kHz iki 20 kHz diapazone. Akustinio lauko daromai įtakai nustatyti, naudojant skirtingų dažnių garso bangas, buvo panaudoti trys skirtingi vandens debitai. Iš gautų rezultatų suformuluotos išvados.

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