A Review on Bitcoin and Currency Encryption

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh Rajput ◽  
Pankaj Shukla ◽  
Thippa Reddy G. ◽  
Rajesh Kaluri ◽  
Kuruva Lakshmanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Merkle Tree ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
The Government

In today's world, security has become a major issue in our lives, and in this era, one cannot trust the government for handling their lifetime savings. That's where the bitcoin comes to our lives. In this chapter, the authors try to understand one of the famous innovative payment methods (Bitcoin), how it is used and the data structure (Merkle tree) that is used in it. Also, they discuss one of the most recent attacks that involved the use of bitcoin (Wanacry). Further, they try to understand how this hack succeeded in stealing 10,800 euros that is 8,74,290 rs from the hospital with the help of bitcoin. They also discuss the various bitcoin companies now emerging with their own security measures against such hacks.

scholarly journals A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF AWARENESS AND UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES AMONG THE ELDERLY IN KOCHI CORPORATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charutha Retnakumar ◽  
Leyanna Susan George ◽  
Maya Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: As per Census 2011, nearly 104 million people in India are above the age of 60 years. While in Kerala, 12.6 % of the population is elderly. The government of India has launched various social security schemes and concessions for the elderly.  Hence, objective of this research is to study the awareness & utilization of social security measures. It also aimed to understand the motivators & barriers for utilization of social security measures among the elderly. Methodology: A qualitative study was carried out in 5 geriatric care centres in the 65th division of Kochi. 7 FGDs were conducted in each of the geriatric clubs and 7 In-depth interviews were conducted among the Anganwadi workers, medical officers, public health workers, and welfare officers. The data was translated, transcribed, Coded, thematically analysed and conclusions were drawn after data triangulation. Results: The awareness & utilization of various social security measures were found to be poor among the elderly. This was attributed to the lack of awareness among the community level workers regarding same. Pensions, railway concessions, and vayomitram project were the most popular schemes. Financial security among the pensioners through the schemes was a major motivator. While, the lack of awareness regarding the schemes and delay in processing the applications were the barriers identified. Conclusion: Proper channelization of knowledge is important for the awareness generation among elderly and community level workers. This can further lead to effective utilization of the benefits provided.

scholarly journals AN APPRAISAL OF EMPLOYEES WELFARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES IN CENTRAL PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 234-247
Author(s):  
Joyjit Sanyal ◽  
Sujit Sikidar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Government

Labour plays a very important role in the industrial production of the country. The human resource managers are concerned with the management of people at work. It is necessary to secure the co-operation of labour force in order to increase the production and earn higher profits. The co-operation of labour force is possible only when they are fully satisfied with their employer and the working conditions on the job. In the past, industrialists and the employers believed that their only duty towards their employees was to pay them satisfactory wages and salaries. But in due course of time, in addition to providing monetary benefits, human treatment given to employees started to play a very important role in seeking their co-operation. Labour or employee welfare activities benefit not only the workers but also the management in the form of greater industrial efficiency. The welfare activities pay a good dividend in the long run, because they contribute a lot towards the health and efficiency of the workers and towards a high morale. On the other hand, social security has come up as a dynamic concept which is considered in all advanced countries of the world as an indispensable chapter of the national programme. Social security is that security which the society furnishes through appropriate organisation against certain risks or certain contingencies to which its members are exposed. These risks are essentially contingencies against which the individual cannot afford by his small means and by his ability or foresight alone. As the name stands for general well- being of the people it is the duty of the state to promote social security which may provide the citizens with benefits designed to prevent or cure disease, to support him when he is not able to earn and to restore him to gainful activity. The state as an employer has provided for certain measures for the welfare and social security of the labourers, who contribute towards the economic development of a country and in this regard, the government has to see towards the proper implementation of such measures to maintain a harmonious industrial relation on the one side and on the other hand towards the upliftment of the members of the society. Thus, there arise the vital needs for the detailed assessments of the measures so provided, its quality of implementation so far and the level of satisfaction of the same among the different class of employees. The present study acts as a working paper with an objective to gather the opinion of the organized workforce in the Central Public Sector Enterprises with regards to their acceptance and satisfaction level of the various ‘Employees welfare and Social Security’ measures by the employers. However, the present study is restricted to two enterprises only and is undertaken with the following objectives: To analyze the opinions of the employees in respect of the labour welfare measures & social security benefits. To analyze the level of satisfaction or otherwise of the workers in respect of social security measures.

Tracking the Covid zones through geo-fencing technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Anto Arockia Rosaline R. ◽  
Lalitha R. ◽  
Hariharan G. ◽  
Lokesh N.
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alert Message ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

Purpose Because of the outbreak of Covid 19, the entire world is thinking of new strategies, preventive measures to safeguard the human life from the widespread of the pandemic. The areas where people are affected are marked as containment zones and people are not allowed to exit out of those areas. Similarly, new people are not allowed to enter inside those areas. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to track the Covid zones, to enhance and tighten the security measures. A geo-fence is created for the containment zone. The person who enters or exits out of that particular zone will be monitored and alert message will be sent to that person’s mobile. Design/methodology/approach After tracking the location of a suspicious individual, the geo-fenced layer is mapped in the area and then the virtual perimeter is used for further trapping process. This geo-fenced layer can be viewed by the citizens as soon as it is updated by the Covid monitoring team. The geo-fencing is a concept of building a virtual perimeter area. This virtual perimeter monitoring system helps in monitoring the containment zones effectively. It reduces operational costs by using an automated system based on wireless infrastructure. It also alerts the authorities immediately to catch the violators. Thus, it helps to speed up the process of inspecting the containment zones and monitoring the individuals who violate the rules given by government. Findings The proposed methodologies will be an effective way to track the Covid’s communal spread. But the workflow of the system demands the required data sets and permission in legal manner to set up the environment that maintains the constitutional law and order in practice. The application developed was a prototype to display how it works if the required data sets are provided by the government. There are several tracking models that are released across the world such as Aarogya setu (India), Trace together (Singapore) and Hagmen (Israel). All these models are based on Bluetooth proximity identification; though Bluetooth proximity identification is helpful for high range in a short distance, the privacy concern is debatable one. Using modern technology, it is so easy to crack the individual gadgets and with Bluetooth enabling it makes things even worse. Thus, it is important to maintain the tracking a safer and secure one, and another issue with those Bluetooth-based applications is that tracking can be done only if the user enabled the Bluetooth option, if not the entire functioning would become a mess. The proposed methodology of tracking without Bluetooth will ensure data security also. Originality/value This was developed as a project by our third-year students of the Department of Information Technology of our college.

Information security governance for e-services in southern African developing countries e-Government projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Ramtohul ◽  
K.M.S. Soyjaudah
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Software Integration ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Single Sign On ◽  
Information Security Governance ◽  
The Government

Purpose – Highly sensitive information pertaining to citizens and government transactions is processed in an electronic format, making information security a critical part of e-Government applications and architectures. Information security measures should ideally span from authentication to authorisation and from logical/physical access control to auditing of electronic transactions and log books. The lack of such measures compromises confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Today, most e-Government projects in developing countries in Southern Africa Developing Community (SADC) face challenges in two main areas, namely, information security and application software integration. This paper aims to discuss and analyse the information security requirements for e-Government projects and proposes an information security governance model for service-based architectures (SBAs). Design/methodology/approach – The current state of information security in emerging economies in SADC countries was researched. The main problems identified were the lack of software integration and information security governance, policy and administration. The design consists of three basic layers: information security governance defined at the strategic level of the government; information security policy/management defined at the management/operational level; and information security measures, implemented at the technical level. This section also proposes a policy for implementing public key infrastructures to protect information, transactions and e-services. A Token-Ring-based mechanism for implementing Single-Sign-On has also been developed as part of this study. Findings – The main problems identified were the lack of software integration and information security governance, policy and administration. These challenges are causing e-government projects to stagnate. Practical implications – The proposed approach for implementing information security in e-Government systems will ensure a holistic approach to ensuring confidentiality, integrity and non-repudiation, allowing e-Government maturity to progress from “interaction” to “online transaction” stage in emerging economies. Originality/value – Research has not focused on developing a solution for emerging economies which are facing difficulties in integration software applications to deploy end-to-end e-services and to produce an underlying identity management architecture and information security governance to secure the e-services developed and deployed using an SBA. The work produced in this paper is specific to SBAs in e-government environments where legacy systems already exist. The work includes: information security governance defined at the strategic level of the government; information security policy/management defined at the management/operational level; and information security measures implemented at the technical level. This section also proposes a policy for implementing public key infrastructures to protect information, transactions and e-services. A Token-Ring-based mechanism for implementing Single-Sign-On has also been developed as part of this study.

Kuwait faces rising threat from Islamic State group

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Political Freedoms ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Group

Significance The June 26 suicide attack inside the Imam al-Sadiq Mosque killed 27 people and was Kuwait's worst terrorist attack in over three decades. The attack, claimed by Islamic State group (ISG) and carried out by a Saudi citizen, was intended to inflame sectarian tensions that have spiralled in recent years. US officials have long identified Kuwait as an epicentre of funding and other forms of materiel assistance for participants in the Syrian civil war. However, unlike Qatar and Saudi Arabia, where support largely has flowed in one direction toward Sunni rebel groups, Kuwaitis have provided high-profile support to both the opposition and the Assad regime. Impacts The government will use the attack to reinforce its narrative that the bidun constitute a security threat rather than a human rights issue. Initial solidarity among Kuwait Sunni and Shia could dissipate quickly into political wrangling over the government's response. Kuwaiti salafi aid will boost hardline Islamist rebel groups in Syria. Key commercial and business interests, and oil installations are unlikely to be affected seriously by the rising terrorist threat. Reinforced security measures will further restrict political freedoms in the GCC's most open state.

scholarly journals A Panoramic View of the Social Security and Social Protection Provisioning in Lesotho

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Kananelo E Mosito
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Social security is one of the most important areas of social policy.As part of its social policy, the government of Lesotho has promulgated various pieces of legislation and introduced an assortment of public assistance programmes for the benefit of the people of the country. There are also various informal social security measures which are the result of coordinated activities by individuals and groupings in Lesotho. These initiatives together provide a broad spectrum of social security provisioning for the people of Lesotho. This article sets out to discuss the said social security provisioning measures and appraises the efficacy of their interventions.Lesotho is a constitutional state.The Constitution of Lesotho came into force on 2April 1993. It provides for a Bill of Rights as well as principles of state policy. There is, however, no express provision in the Constitution for a right to social security. This is regrettable. Thus, the intersection between constitutional law and social security within the context of Lesotho can be achieved only through the interpretation of the fundamental rights as well as the principles of state policy provided in the Constitution. While the provisions relating to fundamental rights help to establish entitlements to social security, the principles of state policy play an important role in giving direction to service delivery.Understanding the link between the various governmental and social initiatives is crucial if interventions are to be designed which will enhance the provision of social security for the benefit of the people of Lesotho.

scholarly journals A Study on the Effectiveness of Social Security System for the Fisher Folks in Mangaluru

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Pradeep M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
Marine Productivity ◽  
Fish Productivity

Unorganised sector occupies a predominant portion in the workforce of India. The work is considered to be the physical and mental engagement by human beings for economic productivity. Fisheries Sector has become a source ofincome and employment to those who engage in unorganised employments for their life. India is the second largest producer of fish in the world by contributing 5.68 per cent of global fish production and second largest producer of fish by aquaculture after China. In the National Fish Productivity, State of Karnataka contributes almost 5.8 per cent securing 6th Position in marine productivity and 9th position in the inland fish productivity. Fisheries sector has enriched its share in the national development after effective usage of technology to increase yield per area of water thereby earning more foreign exchange. Fishing occupation is normally hazardous causing harm to the health of the fisher folks. It is essential to provide Social security protections to the fisher folks against contingencies including disability, sickness, employment injuries, occupational diseases and unemployment. The maximum welfare to the fisher folks can be assured only through the execution of Comprehensive Social Security Policy linking Social Assistance Programmes and Social Security Schemes. This study is descriptive and analytical in nature. The study results analyse the implications of social security measures among the fisher folks living in the ThotaBengre fishing village of Mangaluru Taluk in Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka State in India. The study review upon the implications of various social security schemes offered to the fishermen in terms of its coverage and benefit. A good attempt is also made to identify the level of awareness among the fisher folks about social security schemes provided by the government at Centre and State levels respectively. This paper suggests measures for the legislators and fisheries department to improve the benefit schemes thereby securing the inclusive growth of the fishing community.

scholarly journals CORONAVIRUS CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Aziz ◽  
Samina Saadia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Government ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Day By Day

People infected with the corona virus in Pakistan is increasing day by day. Although the government has taken timely precautions and security measures, the death toll from the virus is much lower than in other countries, but the reality is that the lockdown that has been going on for weeks in most parts of the country The economy has been hit hard. Due to the closure of various industries and restrictions on transportation, about 19 million people have lost their jobs, 70% of whom are from Punjab province. Among those most affected by the lockdown restrictions are employees of small and medium-sized enterprises, businesses and companies (SMEs) and hard-working daily wage earners. The government has allocated Rs. 144 billion under the Ehsas Emergency Cash Program to provide financial assistance to the unemployed. However, this is not a permanent solution to the problem. The government's first priority should be to stabilize the economy in the light of various economic indicators. The truth is that due to the abundance of problems, scarcity of resources and extreme poverty, a country of 220 million people cannot afford a long lockdown. The purpose of this article is to how to deal with these disturbing situations with a believing character and a positive attitude.

scholarly journals Rwandan Refugee Physical (In) Security in Uganda: Views from Below

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ahimbisibwe Frank
Keyword(s):  
General View ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Host State ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Settlement Dynamics ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Western Uganda

The paper analyzes the challenge of physical (in) security of Rwandan refugees in Nakivale and Oruchinga settlements, South Western Uganda. The paper is largely based on the views of the refugees themselves. It argues that contrary to her international obligations and the general view that Uganda is a hospitable asylum country, refugees face insecurity caused by a number of factors, including actions by their country of origin and the host state, as well as local settlement dynamics and internal sources. This insecurity has negatively affected the refugees, who have adopted a number of protection measures which supplement the ones put in place by the government and UNHCR. Despite the implementation of different security measures, insecurity still prevails in the settlements.

Beyond the exceptional

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Lähteenmäki ◽  
Anne Alvesalo
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

Abstract Since the 1980s, debates on security have expanded and security has become a catchphrase in virtually every area of life. In Finland, the government elected in 2003 began its four-year period in power by launching a special Internal Security Programme (ISP) that stressed the threat of social exclusion. Altogether four ISPs have been launched in Finland since 2004. They all repeat the menace of social exclusion. In this article, we examine how these speech acts materialised on the level of legislation. Our study suggests that in Finland, the securitization of exclusion was only accepted in the media. Overall it ‘failed’, as on the level of law, internal security and exclusion were not, in the main, connected when security measures were justified. On the other hand, we contend that by introducing more monitoring and less privacy – especially among youth – the legislation effectively opened novel avenues for ‘security nothings’.

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