Prison Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1096-1123
Author(s):  
Willem Frederik Muller Luyt
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Inmate Education ◽  
Prison Environment ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Inmate Subculture

This chapter deals with the historical development of prison environments, linked to the context of inmate development. Since early days, the prison environment has always accounted for some form of inmate development. New-generation prisons have brought a more profound influence in the area of inmate development. However, there has been a larger emphasis on security in the prison environment, compared to inmate development. In addition, the inmate subculture has a fundamental influence on the interaction between the prison environment and inmate education and development. With this in mind, the chapter provides an overview of prison environments through the ages up to post-modern times. It constantly addresses the interaction between environment and education from the perspective of the relevant era of prison evolution.

Prison Environments

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-65
Author(s):  
Willem Frederik Muller Luyt
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Inmate Education ◽  
Prison Environment ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Inmate Subculture

This chapter deals with the historical development of prison environments, linked to the context of inmate development. Since early days, the prison environment has always accounted for some form of inmate development. New-generation prisons have brought a more profound influence in the area of inmate development. However, there has been a larger emphasis on security in the prison environment, compared to inmate development. In addition, the inmate subculture has a fundamental influence on the interaction between the prison environment and inmate education and development. With this in mind, the chapter provides an overview of prison environments through the ages up to post-modern times. It constantly addresses the interaction between environment and education from the perspective of the relevant era of prison evolution.

scholarly journals Drafting of Jury Lists in Tsarist Russia and the Modern Times: A Comparative Legal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Bushtets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the historical experience of the formation of the lists of jurors in the Russian Empire. The reasons that contribute to the occurrence of problems are analyzed, as well as ways their resolution in the context of the historical development of the judicial system. Based on the research results, proposals were formulated to improve the organization of the activities of a modern court with the participation of the jury.

Tourism. Retrotopian Time-Travel (part two)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Jan Pezda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
Modern Variety ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Conception

The study historicizes the phenomenon of tourism as a purely modern variety of the mobility of which inner morphology began taking form at the turn of the 19th centuries. First, the study draws on the innovative approach of Hasso Spode, historian of mentality, who has a profound influence over contemporary research of the history of tourism in German historiography. Using his theoretical framing, the study discloses how travel that, from the late 18th century, had been a diverse set of motives, experiences, ideas and practices, started to be cemented by a psychomental foundation: the tourist gaze. Then, the study interprets tourism as the product of spatialization of time and temporalization of space. Finally, the article, using Zygmunt Bauman´s theoretical conception of “retrotopia”, clips today's form of tourism together with its primordial form and leads to a conclusion that the tourism as a controversial phenomenon of modern times is endowed with human nostalgia, romance, a never-ending desire for authenticity as well as an eternal obsession with the idea of “progress” encompassing also utopian notions.

Theoretical Foundations of Autonomic Computing

2011 ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Autonomic Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Computing Approach

Autonomic computing (AC) is an intelligent computing approach that autonomously carries out robotic and interactive applications based on goal- and inference-driven mechanisms. This chapter attempts to explore the theoretical foundations and technical paradigms of AC. It reviews the historical development that leads to the transition from imperative computing to AC. It surveys transdisciplinary theoretical foundations for AC such as those of behaviorism, cognitive informatics, denotational mathematics, and intelligent science. On the basis of this work, a coherent framework towards AC may be established for both interdisciplinary theories and application paradigms, which will result in the development of new generation computing architectures and novel information processing systems.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
P. Ishwara Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Historical Explanation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Integrated Methods ◽  
The Subject

The first chapter introduces the subject by explaining key words like research, legal research, method, and methodology. By linking knowledge with research, it brings out the purposive character of knowledge influencing research. It lists various objectives of legal research such as exploration, description, historical explanation, law reform, prediction, and publication, briefly explaining each. It traces the historical development of legal research in India thorugh ancient, medieval, colonial, and modern times. It finds that legal research became systematic and wide spread only along with orderly growth of legal education. Finally, it catalogues diverse methods of legal research under the categories of doctrinal, non-doctrinal, and integrated methods of legal research. Reader gets a basic idea about legal research, its past, present, and future potentiality and a glimpse of its wider canvas.

The Russian Peasant Commune After the Reforms of the 1860s

Slavic Review ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
General Development ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Structural Principles ◽  
Key Dimensions

In the 1860s the Russian government carried out a series of major reforms that had important consequences for key dimensions of Russian society—its economy, judiciary, local administration, army, censorship, and education. Historians have generally agreed that these reforms exerted a profound influence upon Russian historical development, but they have not arrived at an analogous consensus on how the reforms of the 1860s affected the general development of the country as a whole or the peasantry in particular. In this article I seek to analyze the immediate effect of the reforms of the 1860s on the fundamental institution of the peasantry—the commune. I shall employ a sociological approach, a mode of analysis for which the specialized literature is both rich and diverse, in an attempt to determine the underlying structural principles of the commune and to construct an analytical model for the functions and the development of the repartitional land commune.

scholarly journals History of the German-language ENT journals

HNO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Stasche ◽  
Michael Bärmann
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
German Language ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Context ◽  
Nose And Throat

AbstractIn 1864, the worldwide oldest journal in an area of the later established specialty of otorhinolaryngology was founded as the German Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde (“Archive of Otology”) by its first editors Anton von Tröltsch (Würzburg), Adam Politzer (Vienna), and Hermann Schwartze (Halle/S.). Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) topics had previously been published in universal medical journals. In the next few decades, numerous journals in the field of ENT were founded, the eventful history of which is presented up to the present day. Particular attention is paid to the historical and personal context of the editors of newly founded magazines and their publishers. The journal landscape, which was changing through acquisitions and mergers of publishers, is described in detail. The merging of the specialties of otology and laryngo-rhinology in Germany, which lasted until the 1920s, had a profound influence on journal titles and contents. An attempt is made to present the most important titles in their historical development. All the important editors of the German ENT journals are mentioned, although it was not possible to include the names of the editors of the current journals, which are becoming more and more numerous. One chapter deals exclusively with the development of journal publishers. The inserted tables and figures will help to resolve some of the confusion caused by repeated similar names of journals by showing their historical development.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Reformed Church: an attempt to implement the idea of a national church (20-30 years of the XX century).

1999 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
R. Soloviy
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Catholic Churches

Patriotic religion reveals a great interest in the problem of the Ukrainian national church, the forms of its implementation in Ukrainian history and modern times. In the field of attention, in particular, the adequacy of the idea of ​​the national church to the historical development and spiritual traditions of the Orthodox and Greek Catholic churches. At the same time, the Ukrainian mentality of the Protestant churches, their significance as a national preservation factor remains a very controversial issue. Given that Calvinism in Ukraine demonstrated its potential for socio-cultural adaptation in the era of the first national revival, and also witnessed its participation in the socio-political, cultural and educational processes of the modern period, the need to study this denomination in the context of the idea of ​​a national church becomes of some relevance.

scholarly journals 朝鮮女訓書的歷史發展與視覺教化意涵

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 049-080
Author(s):  
成珉京 成珉京 ◽  
林侑毅 林侑毅
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Joseon Dynasty ◽  
Folding Screen ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Visual Correction

<p>本文分別就朝鮮前期與後期考察朝鮮時代女訓書的歷史發展及針對女性之視覺教化的情形，並試圖闡明其意義。從朝鮮前期到中期，乃至於近代初期，「教化」與「鑑戒」的定型是以圖像表現女性的主要前提之一。教化與鑑戒在將女性形象表現於圖像上發揮關鍵作用，其緊密的關聯性提醒吾人必須研究視覺圖像在以女性為教化對象時發揮的功能與意義。朝鮮時代女訓書以及針對女性之視覺教化，在朝鮮初期以王室主導的賢妃與身體犧牲型烈女形象為主；在此基礎上，朝鮮後期轉向以士大夫為主導，加入更多貼近日常生活的內容。朝鮮後期將日常生活中必須恪遵的規範，以日常生活中隨處可見的屏風形式呈現，這種視覺教化必須以婚後居住型態普遍由婦處制轉變為夫處制的夫家生活為前提。換言之，此一現象呈現了朝鮮後期父權家長制高度發展的一個指標。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This paper examines the historical development of Confucian Women’s classics[女訓書] in the Joseon Dynasty and the aspects of visual correction for women in the early and late Joseon periods, and explores their meaning. Enlightenment and sensation were one of the main premise of expressing women in paintings from Joseon Dynasty to mid-term through early modern times. Enlightenment and sensation were acting on the basis of allowing women to be settled as icons, and the closeness reminds us of the need to consider the role and meaning of visual image in enlightenment. In the early Joseon Dynasty, the Confucian Women’s classics and visual edification for women were mainly based on the statue of the Hyun-bi[賢妃] led by the royal family and a physically sacrificed female figure. In addition to this, in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, more closely related contents were added to the daily life, as the Sadaebu[士大夫] became the center. Visualization in the form of a folding screen that can be seen in everyday life focuses on the contents that can be performed in married life in the home of the husband’s parents in the late Joseon Dynasty. In other words, this change is an indicator of the patriarchy advanced in the late Joseon Dynasty.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Rozchwianie tradycji polskiej w zakresie nazewnictwa kobiet pod zaborem rosyjskim w kontekście historycznym i współczesnym

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Leonarda Dacewicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
General Information ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

The customary division of functions and social roles of men and women adopted in the past was reflected in the process of shaping the Polish anthroponymic system. The phenomenon of differentiation of nomenclature based on gender was directly related to the privileged position and exclusive participation of men in the organization of social life. In anthroponymy, the domination of masculinity is marked by the functional expansion of male forms as primary and basic. Male nomenclature was higher listed in the hierarchy of importance, female forms of surnames were always created from male forms. The surnames of married women were ending with the suffixes -owa, -ina, -ska or -a, e.g. Chodkiewiczowa, Niemierzyna, Popławska, Ladna. The surnames of unmarried women were created using the suffixes -ówna (ending in a consonant from scratch), e.g. Chodkiewiczówna (< Chodkiewicz), -anka (ending in a vowel from scratch), e.g. Niemierzanka (< Niemiera), and in adjective types like married surnames, for example, Popławska, Ładna. The subject of attention in this study is the phenomenon of masculinization of female surname forms during the Russian partition (second half of the 19th century) in the Podlasie region. The problem is presented in the context of the historical development of women’s nomenclature in Podlasie and general information on the state of female nomination in Poland in modern times.

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