Is Zakat Capable of Alleviating Poverty and Reducing Income Inequality?

Author(s):  
Maizaitulaidawati Md Husin ◽  
Nor Aiza Mohd Zamil ◽  
Zarina Abdul Salam

This chapter aims to discuss the role of zakat in alleviating poverty and reducing income inequality, specifically in Malaysia. To achieve its objective, this chapter elaborates on the interlinkages between the institution of zakat and Maqasid-al-Shari'ah, deliberate Malaysian zakat institution as well as discuss the strategies and policies implemented by the Malaysia government in poverty eradication and income inequality reduction. Further, this chapter also discusses the role of Malaysian zakat institutions in supporting government poverty eradication and income inequality reduction initiatives. This chapter offers practical help to practitioners in providing a direction for zakat institutions in supporting the daily living of the poor. In addition, this chapter suggests an agenda for the future direction of the zakat institutions.

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Lloveras ◽  
Lee Quinn

Fragmented marketing debates concerning the role of alternative economies are attributable to the lack of a meaningful macromarketing dimension to which alternative economic practices can be anchored. This research frames an evaluation of existing macromarketing developments aimed at reformulating the mindless pursuit of economic growth. Raising concerns with the treadmill dynamics of marketing systems, three different approaches - green growth, a-growth and degrowth - are critically evaluated to: (a) introduce degrowth as a widely overlooked concept in the macromarketing literature; (b) expose how each perspective entails a specific organization of provisioning activities; and (c) foreground the role of alternative economic practices beyond the growth paradigm. We conclude that socially sustainable degrowth is the missing voice within macromarketing debates that lie central to elucidating the future direction of alternative economic practices.


2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAM RABINOWITZ ◽  
RYAN SHAW ◽  
SARAH BUCHANAN ◽  
PATRICK GOLDEN ◽  
ERIC KANSA

Abstract The PeriodO project seeks to fill a gap in the landscape of digital antiquity through the creation of a Linked Data gazetteer of period definitions that transparently record the spatial and temporal boundaries assigned to a given period by an authoritative source. Our presentation of the PeriodO gazetteer is prefaced by a history of the role of periodization in the study of the past, and an analysis of the difficulties created by the use of periods for both digital data visualization and integration. This is followed by an overview of the PeriodO data model, a description of the platform's architecture, and a discussion of the future direction of the project.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Valerie Higgins

This paper examines the changing attitudes of young Albanian archaeologists to Albania’s archaeological heritage. As Cold War archaeologists retire and are replaced by a generation trained after the fall of communism, this paper asks how their different world perspective will influence the future direction of archaeology. Particular issues that are addressed are the perceived role of the Illyrians in national identity and the willingness of young archaeologists to embrace new types of heritage sites, such as industrial and Cold War archaeology. Examples of the latter are very prominent in the Albanian landscape, but their interpretation and incorporation into the national narrative are still contentious issues for many.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Koichi Yuki ◽  
James A. DiNardo ◽  
Sophia Koutsogiannaki

Perioperative bleeding is one of the major comorbidities associated with surgery. While anesthesia is a critical component to perform surgery, a number of clinical studies supported the contribution of anesthetic drugs to perioperative bleeding. Here, we reviewed the literature on this topic including the underlying mechanism and discussed the future direction on coagulation research in anesthesia.


2018 ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Miller

This chapter outlines the major developments in the years 1934 and 1935, as Britain entered a period of planning without spending, and attempting to lay the groundwork for a potential rearmament without physically ordering a great deal of weapons. This involved a protracted debate over the ‘ultimate potential enemy’, including the role of Neville Chamberlain and Maurice Hankey in attempting to impose their will upon the future direction of British policy in light of the rise of Hitler, as well as creating a set of hypotheses upon which rearmament was to be based via the Defence Requirements Committee.


2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C. Dzuranin ◽  
Irina Mălăescu

ABSTRACT: Embracing the spirit of the Pathways Commission's focus of enhancing the value of practitioner/educator exchanges, the inaugural Journal of Information Systems Conference (JISC) brought together 30 academic researchers and 15 practitioners to discuss the current state and the future direction of information technology (IT) audit research and practice. Panelists, comprised of practitioners from government, public accounting, and industry, provided insight into current IT audit issues. The first panel discussed the role of IT auditors in helping organizations meet compliance requirements and ensuring that information systems add value to the organization. The second panel addressed the future of IT audit in a world of advanced analytics and emerging technologies. Although the panels addressed separate topics, common themes emerged from the discussions. Issues facing the IT audit profession as a result of the increasing volume of data available, coupled with changing technology and increasing regulatory requirements, underscored much of the discussion. Big Data, compliance, and emerging technology issues were addressed from both internal audit and external audit perspectives. This commentary provides a review and synthesis of the information presented during panel discussions at the conference and suggests potential research questions.


1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brown ◽  
R. Ferris

The role of industrial tribunals in promoting or hindering flexibility in industrial relations practices and outcomes is central to the debate concerning the future direction of industrial relations in Australia. In Victoria, flexibility within the existing institutional framework is provided by Part I V of the Industrial Relations Act 1979, by allowing for the registration of industrial agreements. Although these provisions are potentially far reaching, an analysis of the agreements registered in the period under review indicates that the parties have been reluctant to fully utilize these provisions. The flexibility currently available to the parties through the award system, it is argued, has tended to mitigate against the use of the Part IV provisions.


Author(s):  
Guillermo Folguera ◽  
Alfredo Marcos

RESUMENEl debate sobre la noción de especie se viene produciendo en dos planos. En el plano conceptual y en el ontológico. Respecto del primero, se han analizado las ventajas y desventajas de diversos conceptos de especie (biológico, fenético, ecológico, filogenético…). En el plano ontológico se discute si las especies son clases, individuos o algún otro tipo de entidad. Ambos debates has estado marcados durante casi medio siglo por el puesto central que ocupaba el nivel genético. Con la extensión de la síntesis biológica producida en las dos últimas décadas, el gen empieza a perder al lugar central y privilegiado que ocupaba, como causa y explicación de todo fenómeno biológico. Comenzamos ahora a reconocer la importancia ontológica y causal de otros niveles de la jerarquía biológica. Pensamos que este cambio de perspectiva afectará al debate sobre lanoción de especie, tanto en el plano conceptual como en el ontológico. Todavía no estamos en disposición de ofrecer conclusiones cerradas, pero sí de vislumbrar el rumbo que tomará de ahora en adelante el debate de las especies. Estimamos probable que tengamos que convivir indefinidamente con una pluralidad de conceptos de especies. Y en el plano ontológico proponemosun tipo de pluralismo no homogéneo, con reconocimiento de entidad y fuerza causal a los diversos niveles de organización biológica, desde el gen hasta el ecosistema, incluyendo posiblemente la especie, pero no otorgándoles el mismo peso a cada uno.PALABRAS CLAVESCONCEPTO BIOLÓGICO DE ESPECIE, GEN, ESPECIE COMO INDIVIDUOABSTRACTThe debate on the notion of species has been occurring in two realms: conceptual and ontological. Regarding the former, the biologists have analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various concepts of species (biological, phenetic, ecological, phylogenetic...). In the ontological realm, biologists and philosophers have discussed whether species are classes, individuals or some other entity. For nearly half a century, both debates have been marked by the prominent role of the genetic level. With the extension of the biological synthesis produced in the last two decades, the gene begins to lose its privileged place as cause and explanation of every biological phenomenon. We now begin to recognize the importance of other ontological and causal levels along the biological hierarchy. We think that this change of perspective will affect the debate on the notion of species, both in the conceptual and ontological realms. We are not yet able to offer definitive conclusions, but we will shine a light on the future direction of the debate on the notion of species. We estimate that we have probably to live indefinitely with a plurality of concepts of species. And, regarding the ontological plane, we would propose a non-homogeneous pluralism. Probably we will be forced to recognize causal force and ontological weight to entities of various levels, from the gene to the ecosystem, possibly including species, although not according the same weight to each one.KEYWORDSBIOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF SPECIES, GEN, SPECIES AS INDIVIDUAl


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fahme Mohd Ali ◽  
Mohd Faisol Ibrahim

This article attempts to analyse the determination of poverty among the poor and needy of the zakat recipients in Kelantan, Malaysia. The study is motivated from the Kelantan zakat collection (2003-2015) that suggests that the growth alone (high collection) is not enough to eliminate poverty, there are indeed, other elements of poverty eradication like the socio economic, demographic factors, remittances and the investments in social and economic factors like the food subsidy for the poorest, good quality education, opportunities for the most needy, regulation of job markets, and purposively designed social security nets also have significant impact on permanent reduction in poverty. In Kelantan, despite zakat centres having disbursed an increasing amount of expenditure annually on the two categories of zakat recipients, hitherto the number of fuqara (poor) and masakin (needy) households is still increasing (MAIK, 2014; JAWHAR, 2012). Thus, it is important to understand the nature and scale of poverty, the various driving forces that affect it and the determinants of poverty among the poor and needy as linked to this process. A sample of 505 households from 2016 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) among the poor and needy zakat recipients in Kelantan has been used in this study. The findings have important policy implications for Kelantan Zakat Department (MAIK) in making the zakat distribution becomes more efficient and uplift the important role of zakat as one of the poverty alleviation tools among the Muslims. This study recommends the method of zakat distribution should be improved and channelled accordingly in order to strengthen the Muslims economy condition and then, it would facilitate the poverty alleviation programmes by the zakat department.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-126
Author(s):  
Yang Chen

Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and consolidated its power since 2002, while Turkish society has become increasingly conservative at the same time. The official implementation of the presidential system after June 2018 has triggered the world’s concerns and reflections about the future direction of Turkish society: a secular road, an Islamic road, or a new path of balance between religion and secularism. This necessitates an historical analysis of Turkey’s politico-religious relations. The role of Islam in Turkish society can be roughly divided into the following five stages: the suppression of Islam (1923–1950), the release of Islam (1950–), the re-politicization of Islam (1970–), the co-optation of Islam (1980–), and the new development of political Islam (2002–). During the jdp period, a fragile balance between secularism and Islamism had been achieved. But after the July 15th coup in 2016, the jdp adjusted its ideology from radical secularism to Islamic nationalism. The combination of Islamism and nationalism brings more challenges to the solidarity of Turkish society.


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