Transational Corporations

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Performance Technology ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Corporate Social

The money transfer internationally has generated a metamorphosis of the world economy under the supremacy of transnational corporations. The inflows of foreign capital into the host countries' economies is considered a solution to the multiple problems faced, especially by developing countries – unemployment, lack of monetary funds, or high-performance technology. The presence of transnational corporations in the economies of the host countries has proved to be not always beneficial for them, as there are significant discrepancies between their interests as economic agents and national interests. For this reason, the attitude of the public authorities towards foreign direct investments has been nuanced, and differentiated financial and fiscal incentives have been established to maximize their positive impact. Over time, specialists have drawn attention to the negative externalities generated by transnational corporations. International organizations like the UN or the OECD are involved in improving the global corporation's workings to promote corporate social responsibility.

Foreign Direct Investments, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Economic Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 228-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Odia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Societal Expectations

The increase in FDIs to developing countries has also been accompanied with rising societal expectations from the MNCs and TNCs to demonstrate more commitments to CSR. Owing to the natural resources curse, there is increasing expectations by governments, investors, consumers and local communities that businesses, particularly the MNCs and TNCs, should go beyond local regulatory compliance to earn their ‘license to operate' by demonstrating that their operations provide a beneficial impact by helping to remedy the societal problems. Although it is doubtful whether businesses will take up such responsibilities, some companies have started to engage in sustainable CSR in area of operations. Therefore, the paper recommends that conscious and sustainable CSR practices of these MNCs/TNCs must be accomplished with corporate accountability in order to have the greatest positive impact on people, environment and foster economic development.

Foreign Direct Investments, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 250-273
Author(s):  
James O. Odia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Societal Expectations

The increase in FDIs to developing countries has also been accompanied with rising societal expectations from the MNCs and TNCs to demonstrate more commitments to CSR. Owing to the natural resources curse, there is increasing expectations by governments, investors, consumers and local communities that businesses, particularly the MNCs and TNCs, should go beyond local regulatory compliance to earn their ‘license to operate' by demonstrating that their operations provide a beneficial impact by helping to remedy the societal problems. Although it is doubtful whether businesses will take up such responsibilities, some companies have started to engage in sustainable CSR in area of operations. Therefore, the paper recommends that conscious and sustainable CSR practices of these MNCs/TNCs must be accomplished with corporate accountability in order to have the greatest positive impact on people, environment and foster economic development.

Alpha Tocopherol Loaded in Liposome: Preparation, Optimization, Characterization and Sperm Motility Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Taouzinet ◽  
Sofiane Fatmi ◽  
Allaeddine Khellouf ◽  
Mohamed Skiba ◽  
Mokrane Iguer-ouada
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Liposome Preparation ◽  
Liposome Size ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
The Impact

Background: Alpha-tocopherol is a potent antioxidant involved in sperm protection particularly during cryopreservation. However, its poor solubility limits the optimal protection in aqueous solutions. Objective: The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of α-tocopherol by the use of liposomes. Methods: The experimental approach consisted to load vitamin E in liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method and the optimization carried out by an experimental design. The optimum solution was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscope. Finely, the impact on sperm motility protection was studied by the freezing technic of bovine sperm. Results: The optimum solution was obtained when using 10.9 mg/ml of phospholipids, 1.7 mg/ml of cholesterol and 2 mg/ml of vitamin E. The liposome size was 99.86 nm, providing 78.47% of loaded efficiency. The results showed also a significant positive impact on sperm motility after hours of preservation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current results showed the interest of liposome preparation as an alternative to enhance vitamin E solubility and to protect spermatozoa during cryopreservation.

METHODS OF ASSESSMENT THE LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECT DUE TO THE USING OF LOW-SPEED INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES, BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOWN OF SERPUKHOV

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Olga Leptiukhova ◽  
Marija Utkina
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Complex Criterion ◽  
Electric Bicycle

For more than half a century bicycle transport demonstrates its effectiveness as one of the elements of the transport network of the city. Currently, vehicles with low-power motors such as electric bicycle, electric scooter, gyrometer, segway, wheelbarrow, scooter motor and others are gaining people's attention. These vehicles can be combined into a group of low-speed individual vehicles (hereinafter - NITS) with similar re-quirements for the operational parameters of urban infrastructure. From the urban point of view, the interest in NITC is that the number of its users has increased significantly in recent years. The article presents the results of a sociological survey of residents of Serpukhov, allowing to assess the current and potential readi-ness of the population to use NITC. The growing popularity of NITC has led to an increase in the environmen-tal and economic effect, which is manifested at a particular level of development of the movement on NITC. The ecological and economic effect of the use of NITC has an extremely positive impact on the improvement of the urban environment. This article provides a list of indicators that reflect the growth in the standards of living of society from movement by the NITC, and the calculation of one of them - the increase in entrepre-neurial activity on the streets with increased traffic to the NITC. Indicators are necessary for calculation of complex criterion of efficiency and safety of street network due to development of the movement by NITC. The result will allow public authorities authorized to make decisions on the strategy of transport policy of cities to quantify the ratio of economic benefits from the development of infrastructure of the NITC with the cost of its construction and operation.

FDI, Industrialization, and Development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Policy Space ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
International Investors

Superior technology and management skills of transnational corporations (TNCs) can bring significant benefits to EDEs. However, they cannot be expected to pass willingly the competencies that bring them competitive advantages or act with a developmental perspective and help build potentially efficient local industries. Their contribution to industrialization and development depends very much on deliberate policies of host countries. Lessons from experience suggest that successful examples are found not among EDEs that attracted more FDI, but among those which used it effectively in the context of national industrial policy. However, the past two decades have seen a rapid erosion of policy space in EDEs as a result of bilateral investment treaties signed with more advanced economies, allowing significant leverage to international investors. There is a strong case for renegotiating or terminating them since they greatly compromise the ability of EDEs to benefit from FDI for industrialization and development.

scholarly journals Alloying effect on the order–disorder transformation in tetragonal FeNi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Yun Tian ◽  
Oliver Gutfleisch ◽  
Olle Eriksson ◽  
Levente Vitos
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Alloying Effect ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Disorder Transition ◽  
Disorder Transition Temperature

AbstractTetragonal ($${\hbox{L1}}_{0}$$ L1 0 ) FeNi is a promising material for high-performance rare-earth-free permanent magnets. Pure tetragonal FeNi is very difficult to synthesize due to its low chemical order–disorder transition temperature ($$\approx {593}$$ ≈ 593  K), and thus one must consider alternative non-equilibrium processing routes and alloy design strategies that make the formation of tetragonal FeNi feasible. In this paper, we investigate by density functional theory as implemented in the exact muffin-tin orbitals method whether alloying FeNi with a suitable element can have a positive impact on the phase formation and ordering properties while largely maintaining its attractive intrinsic magnetic properties. We find that small amount of non-magnetic (Al and Ti) or magnetic (Cr and Co) elements increase the order–disorder transition temperature. Adding Mo to the Co-doped system further enhances the ordering temperature while the Curie temperature is decreased only by a few degrees. Our results show that alloying is a viable route to stabilizing the ordered tetragonal phase of FeNi.

scholarly journals Can Corporate Fairness towards Public Authorities Enhance Customer Loyalty? A Multi-Sectorial Investigation in a Developing Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu I. Moisescu ◽  
Oana A. Gică ◽  
Victor O. Müller ◽  
Camelia Ancuța Müller
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Retail Banking ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Company Identification

This paper investigates how customer loyalty can be enhanced by improving customers’ perceptions of corporate fairness towards public authorities, taking into account the mediating role of customer-company identification, in a multi-sectorial context, in a developing country in Central and Eastern Europe. The investigation is conducted comparatively within four main industries (telecom services, retail banking services, dairy products and personal care products) and depicts the particular impact these perceptions have on customer loyalty in each domain, with practical implications concerning corporate social responsibility (CSR) communications. A consumer survey was designed and implemented among a sample of 1464 customers from Romania. The collected data was analyzed by means of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We found that customers’ perception of corporate fairness towards public authorities has a significant and positive impact on customer loyalty in all investigated industries, both directly and indirectly via customer-company identification, with a higher impact for services, especially for retail banking services.

scholarly journals Social purpose in an organization from the perspective of an employee: a self-determination outlook on the meaning of work

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Puchalska-Kamińska ◽  
Agnieszka Łądka-Barańska ◽  
Marta Roczniewska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Social Purpose ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Objective Advancing social purpose in organizations is usually studied from the macro perspective, i.e., how it benefits organizational business goals or society more broadly. In this paper, we focus on social purpose from the perspective of the employee and propose that advancing social purpose in an organization allows individuals to fulfil an important human need for the meaning of work (MW). This study’s objective was to assess whether a volunteering Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program in a manufacturing company allows employees to fulfil their basic psychological needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with 15 employees and an analysis of artifacts. Results In the analysis, three main themes describing different aspects of voluntary work at the company were identified. We found that across all groups of interviewed employees the voluntary activities served the needs of (1) relatedness, (2) competence, and (3) autonomy. We conclude that CSR programs have the most positive impact on MW when they allow employees to engage in prosocial actions and satisfy those needs.

Corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and corporate performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Jui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Outside Directors ◽  
Asian Economy ◽  
Corporate Social

AbstractPrevious research has analyzed and debated corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) independently. This paper aims to empirically explore the interrelationship between CG, CSR, financial performance (FP) and Corporate Social Performance (CSP) using a sample of 297 electronics companies operating in Taiwan, a newly industrialized Asian economy. The results show that a CG model which includes independent outside directors and which has specific ownership characteristics has a significantly positive impact on both FP and CSP, whereas FP itself does not influence CSP. The presence of independent outside directors in the firm has the greatest impact on the social performance of the firm's worker, customer, supplier, community and society dimensions. Government shareholders enhance a firm's social performance extraordinarily because government shareholders will be more likely to request that companies fulfill their social responsibilities. Only government shareholders positively and significantly relate to a firm's environmental performance. Furthermore, foreign institutional stockholders help to increase worker and supplier performance by paying more attention to employee policies and supply chain relationships. Finally, independent outside directors, foreign institutional stockholders and domestic financial institutional stockholders are shown to improve financial performance.

scholarly journals The Role of NGOs in Building CSR Discourse around Human Rights in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Eun Noh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Development Ngos

As a response to increasing influences of transnational corporations (TNCs) over the lives of the poor, development NGOs have tried to promote their responsibility in cooperative ways: partnership in development projects and voluntary regulations. Notwithstanding some degree of success, these cooperative ways have failed to bring fundamental changes to TNCs. This article outlines the limitations of the mainstream corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the potential of grassroots social movements to make TNCs accountable. People in developing countries have been neglected in the CSR agenda; however, they have power to change corporations as labourers, consumers and citizens. Drawing on case studies, this article suggests that NGOs should support grassroots people in building global networks, constructing collective values and creating the information flow in order to overcome the current shortcomings of community-driven social movements. For these new roles as advocates and facilitators for grassroots movements, NGOs need to transform themselves by pursuing core values.  

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