Gender and Mindscapes of Patriarchy in Poverty Reduction

2022 ◽  
pp. 159-186
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Inheritance Laws

Is poverty gendered? Feminist theorists suggest that the experience of poverty by any woman is shaped not only by her gender but by ideologies and other systems of social stratification such as race, ethnicity, and class – and that these dimensions are not simply an additional facet of a woman's identity but do affect her gendered experience as well. The narratives examined in this chapter consist of symbolic patriarchy, inheritance laws, gender socialization, domestic division of labor, and certain accounts pertaining to widows and the subordination of women. A scan of the African cultural landscape revealed a profile of rural poverty that is unproportionate, unequal, and sometimes unfairly affects women more than men. Patriarchal and discriminatory practices are stubbornly unyielding in some rural areas and has inflicted a blow against women the most.

scholarly journals Does Agricultural Performance Contribute to Rural Poverty Reduction in Indonesia?

JEJAK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Arham ◽  
Ahmad Fadhli ◽  
Sri Indriyani Dai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Agricultural Performance

Agriculture is the primary sector in many provinces in Indonesia. In fact, most of the rural communities work in the agricultural sector. Nevertheless, the poverty level in rural areas remains high. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the performance of the agricultural sector in reducing the rural poverty level in Indonesia, and to investigate factors that contribute as a determinant in reducing rural poverty level in Indonesia. This study was significant, considering that the result was to contribute to government policy evaluation in the agricultural sector, especially in reducing poverty in rural areas. This study used quantitative analysis through multiple regressions with data panel from 2014 to 2017 from 33 provinces in Indonesia. This study revealed that the increase of agricultural sector share and the widening of the income distribution had caused an increase in poor people in a rural area. This finding also revealed that the income distribution gap was a determinant to the severity of rural poverty. The growth in the agricultural sector to contribute toward the economy could reduce rural poverty level in Indonesia. Meanwhile, agricultural financing, economic growth, inflation, and the farmer exchange rate had not significantly contributed to reducing the poverty level.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maretha Berlianantiya Muhammad Ridwan Eka Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

<p><em>Poverty often occurs in rural areas rather than urban areas, low education which results in low quality of human resources and lack of access is often the cause of rural poverty. In addition, most of the economies of rural communities rely solely on the traditional agricultural sector. Various poverty reduction policies have been implemented, including village fund policies. This study aims to examine the management of village funds in the Balong sub-district of Madiun Regency with a case study in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo villages covering the management of village funds in Tatung village and Karangmojo village. Balong Subdistrict and the impact of empowerment in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo, Balong District. This research was conducted in Balong Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency with a Case study in Tatung Village and Karangmojo Village with qualitative methods. In the village of Tatung village funds are managed as tourist villages with a focus on Paragliding tourist rides. Whereas in Karangmojo village it is used for Bumdes in the form of Lovebird birds, providing Gapoktan assistance, and infrastructure development.</em></p>

scholarly journals Determinants of Off-farm Employment Participation of Women in Rural Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng ◽  
Haisen Zhang ◽  
Nobeji S. Boniphace
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Government

Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.

The impact of trade liberalization on poverty reduction in rural China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-694
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how trade liberalization influences rural poverty reduction in China.Design/methodology/approachThe authors make use of China Family Panel Studies survey data, take annual income of farmers of RMB2,300 and RMB3,450 as the poverty lines (poverty line 1 and poverty line 2, respectively). Residents below poverty line 1 and poverty line 2 are 2,580 and 2,661, respectively. Probit model is used to estimate the impact of trade liberalization on the poverty probability. Income-deciding equation is used to estimate the impact of trade liberalization on the income level of poor residents in rural areas. Income-deciding equation is also used to examine the transmission mechanism of trade liberalization affecting rural poverty.FindingsThis study finds that trade liberalization can reduce the poverty probability of rural residents and promote the income growth of poor residents in rural areas. Trade liberalization increases the income of poor residents and reduces poverty through transmission mechanisms such as promoting economic growth and financial expenditure.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study to quantitatively model the impact of trade liberalization on rural poverty reduction in China using residents’ survey data.

scholarly journals Rice Production Determinants and Income Role for the Poverty Reduction in District Larkana, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Azad Ali Khatyan ◽  
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Saleem Rahpoto ◽  
Dr. Ghulam Muhammad Mangnejo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Sample Technique

Poverty is a chronic problem in Pakistan. More than 25 percent of the population is still living below the poverty line. In Pakistan, rural poverty is more than urban poverty. More than 65 percent of the population is living in rural areas. They depend on farming. The purpose of this study was to determine the variables for the more production of rice crops which will increase the income of farmers and it will reduce the poverty from the farmers. The study calculated the average household income of the farmers. The area of this study was District Larkana. A Stratified sample technique was used for the sample from the four Taluka, a sample size of 100 farmers were selected. The data were analyzed by using the cobb-Douglas production function in the log transform method. Demographic results showed that farmers are less educated. The family size was mostly large and they are experienced. The average incomes of the farmers were 53960. The results of the regression revealed that model data is valid with Cronbach's alpha 0.69. Adjusted R-square 0.91 shows good variation due to selected variables. The model is significant at 0.000 values. All variables plow, fertilizer, seed Pest, Labor, Education, and experiences have a positive impact on rice production which is important for farmers’ income.

scholarly journals Does Beneficiaries’ Satisfaction Enhance Their Trust in State Grid for Solar PV Adoption? – An Evidence From PAPs in Rural China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Ding ◽  
Yin Shi ◽  
Qiyao Dai ◽  
Zumeng Zhang ◽  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background: Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Projects (PPAPs) have been implemented in Chinese rural areas since 2014. As a new energy policy, PPAPs have played an important role in alleviating rural poverty. However, the adoption of solar PV faces multiple barriers from the perspective of beneficiaries. Therefore, this study basically aims to discuss and analyze factors affecting beneficiaries’ satisfaction and their trust in State Grid, promoting the adoption of solar PV. Methods: Based on the integrated American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) and Unified Theory of Acception and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, this study uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to reveal how the beneficiaries’ satisfaction enhance their trust in State Grid. The data were obtained from a survey of 928 PPAPs’ beneficiaries by stratified and random sampling in Chinese rural areas. Results: The results confirm that environmental perception in this study positively impacts on beneficiaries’ satisfaction. And perceived quality also has a positive effect on beneficiaries’ satisfaction and trust in State Grid, however, social influence has a negative impact on beneficiaries’ satisfaction; behavior expectation can directly promote beneficiaries’ satisfaction, while indirectly propel their trust in State Grid. Conclusions: This study constructs an integrated customer satisfaction model from the perspective of beneficiaries and proposes relevant measures to promote the adoption of solar PV that can be applied to poverty reduction of other developing countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Améliorer la compétitivité du bois de sciage légal en provenance de la zone agroforestière au Cameroun

Afrika Focus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Kana ◽  
Norbert Sonne ◽  
Barthelemy Ondua ◽  
Patrick Tadjo ◽  
Benjamin Ondo
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests

Since 1997, the year the first community forest in Cameroon was created, sawn wood from community forests has been facing difficulties to find a place in an expanding domestic market. The low competitiveness of community forest products is among the major obstacles to have them help reduce rural poverty as desired in the new forest policies in Central Africa. This article, from the work of the World Wide Fund for Nature team and organizations partners, identifies the factors explaining the low competitiveness of community forests in the domestic market and proposes by way of conclusion some strategies whose implementation will allow community forestry to play its full role in the supply of domestic markets, improving sustainable management of the agroforestry landscape and fostering poverty reduction in rural areas. Key words: wood value chain, artisanal logging, forest policy, community forests 

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF RURAL POVERTY (A Study of Tobacco Farmers in Temanggung)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 037
Author(s):  
Fuad Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Problem ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Poor

Rural poverty is a problem that seemed vicious because poverty is a structural problem that will always be there. Poverty of farmers in rural areas must be addressed in an effort to increase the capacity and capability of farmers to form farmers' productive behaviors that have an impact on increasing empowerment.This study tried to explore the problems of poverty in rural areas, particularly poverty tobacco farmers in Temanggung. This is motivated because the Temanggung tobaccos are the world's best tobacco, but its majority people are poor. This study uses primary data approach, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using path analysis. Then in-depth explanation with interviews and observations analysis techniques to obtain optimal qualitative interpretation.The results showed that the capacity, culture, government empowerment, social capital and religiosity as independent variables affect the attitudes of society, which in turn affect the empowerment of the poor as poverty reduction efforts.

Rural Poverty, Participation and Poverty-Reduction Strategies in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufus Boluwaji Akindola ◽  
Chris O. Ehinomen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Oil Gas

Despite Nigeria’s abundant oil, gas and other natural resources, the experience of the majority of its population in rural areas has been, and still is, one of abject poverty. Nigerians remain poor because of the failure of successive governments to manage the country’s enormous wealth effectively. Although poverty is equally widespread in urban areas, poor economic and social policies have aggravated the extent of poverty in rural areas. This article utilises a historical analysis technique to examine the nature of rural poverty in Nigeria and also the failure of the government’s poverty-reduction strategies. Information was sourced from previous studies, reports of government agencies and institutions, the World Bank, and relevant journals articles. The researchers have found that the limited understanding of the nature of poverty, and the failure to engage the rural poor and the wider community in decision-making processes, especially relating to poverty analysis, have been important factors that have contributed to the failure of past poverty-reduction strategies in the country. The researchers come to the conclusion that involving the poor is placing them at the centre of their own development process.

scholarly journals Linkages between Economic Growth, Poverty and Environmental Quality in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Bagus Sumargo ◽  
Rahadita Nur Haida
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Negative Effect

The biggest obstacle to sustainable development in Indonesia is due to social-environmental factors. The objective of this study is to identify lever variables in the intended socio-environmental factors through dimensional analysis in sustainable development. By using the path analysis methods and secondary data on economic growth, the number of poor people and an index of environmental quality in Indonesia, 2016, it can be proven that poverty has a direct negative effect on environmental quality. This makes it possible to occur in the rural poverty typology because their needs for life depend on natural resources. Therefore, poverty reduction policies should be prioritized in reducing the number of poor people in rural areas.

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